Allendale County, South Carolina

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Allendale County
County
Allendale County Courthouse
Allendale County Courthouse
Official seal of Allendale County
Seal
Map of South Carolina highlighting Allendale County
Location within the U.S. state of South Carolina
Map of the United States highlighting South Carolina
South Carolina's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 32°59′N 81°22′W / 32.98°N 81.36°W / 32.98; -81.36
Country United States
State South Carolina
Founded1919
Named forPaul H. Allen[1]
SeatAllendale
Largest communityAllendale
Area
 • Total412.42 sq mi (1,068.2 km2)
 • Land408.10 sq mi (1,057.0 km2)
 • Water4.32 sq mi (11.2 km2)  1.05%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total8,039
 • Estimate 
(2023)
7,369
 • Density19.70/sq mi (7.61/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district6th
Websitewww.allendalecounty.com

Allendale County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,039,[2] making it the least populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is Allendale.[3]

History

[edit]

Allendale County was formed in 1919 from southwestern portions of Barnwell County, along the Savannah River, and part of Hampton County, just to its south. It is the location of the Topper Site, an archeological excavation providing possible evidence of a pre-Clovis culture dating back 50,000 years. The site is near a source of chert on private land in Martin owned by Clariant Corporation, a Swiss chemical company with a plant there. The site, named after John Topper, a nt who discovered it, has been under excavation by archeologists from the University of South Carolina for about one month a year since 1999, after an initial exploratory dig in the mid-1980s.

Allendale County was born out of a desire for convenience. Having a new county circumvented the need to travel to the courthouse in Barnwell or Hampton. The original Allendale County Courthouse burned down in May 1998, with reconstruction begun in August 2002.[4][5] During the Civil Rights movement, the Courthouse almost became a site for a sit-in protest after African-American citizens charged officials with deliberately delaying the voter registration of Black residents.[6][7][8]

Geography

[edit]
Map
Interactive map of Allendale County

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 412.42 square miles (1,068.2 km2), of which 408.10 square miles (1,057.0 km2) is land and 4.32 square miles (11.2 km2) (1.05%) is water.[9] The Savannah River forms the county's western border with Georgia.

Allendale is 62 miles (100 km) from Augusta, Georgia; 73 miles (117 km) from Savannah, Georgia; 87 miles (140 km) from Columbia; and 90 miles (140 km) from Charleston. Before interstate highways were built, Allendale had several motels, primarily serving travelers in-between Northeastern states and Florida. Traffic that formerly traveled US 301 through Allendale now uses Interstate 95.

Major water bodies

[edit]

Adjacent counties

[edit]

Major highways

[edit]

Major infrastructure

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
192016,098—
193013,294−17.4%
194013,040−1.9%
195011,773−9.7%
196011,362−3.5%
19709,692−14.7%
198010,70010.4%
199011,7229.6%
200011,211−4.4%
201010,419−7.1%
20208,039−22.8%
2023 (est.)7,369[2]−8.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790–1960[11] 1900–1990[12]
1990–2000[13] 2010[14] 2020[2]

2020 census

[edit]
Allendale County racial composition[15]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 1,985 24.69%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 5,646 70.23%
Native American 45 0.56%
Asian 17 0.21%
Pacific Islander 1 0.01%
Other/Mixed 151 1.88%
Hispanic or Latino 194 2.41%

As of the 2020 census, there were 8,039 people, 3,281 households, and 1,389 families residing in the county. The median age was 51.4 for women and 44.5 for men. About 23.7% of households had children living with them. Renters make up 35.6% of households.[16] Available housing was more than the number of households, totaling 4,040 housing units,[17] all of which are classified as rural.[18] The median household size was 2 (with a mean of 2.2).[19]

Allendale County, South Carolina Population Pyramid 2020 Census
2020 age and sex demographics for Allendale County, visualized as a population pyramid[16]

2010 census

[edit]

At the 2010 census, there were 10,419 people, 3,706 households, and 2,333 families living in the county.[20] The population density was 25.5 inhabitants per square mile (9.8/km2). There were 4,486 housing units at an average density of 11.0 per square mile (4.2/km2).[21] The racial makeup of the county was 73.6% Black or African American, 23.7% white, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.3% of the population.[20] In terms of ancestry, and 5.6% were American.[22]

Of the 3,706 households, 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.5% were married couples living together, 26.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 37.0% were non-families, and 33.7% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.14. The median age was 38.8 years.[20]

The median household income was $20,081 and the median family income was $25,146. Males had a median income of $30,440 versus $28,889 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,190. About 35.7% of families and 42.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.8% of those under age 18 and 27.4% of those age 65 or over.[23]

2000 census

[edit]

At the 2000 census, there were 11,211 people, 3,915 households, and 2,615 families living in the county. The population density was 28 people per square mile (11 people/km2). There were 4,568 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile (4.2/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 71.0 percent Black or African American, 27.37 percent White, 0.12 percent Asian, 0.09 percent Native American, 0.06 percent Pacific Islander, 0.85 percent from other races, and 0.51 percent from two or more races. 1.61 percent of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[24] Of the 3,915 households, 30.3 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8 percent were married couples living together, 25.8 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2 percent were non-families. 30.0 percent of all households were one person and 12.3 percent had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.21.

The age distribution was 26.6 percent under the age of 18, 9.8 percent from 18 to 24, 28.2 percent from 25 to 44, 22.8 percent from 45 to 64, and 12.7 percent who were 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 108.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.5 males.

The median household income was $20,898 and the median family income was $27,348. Males had a median income of $25,930 versus $20,318 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,293. About 28.4 percent of families and 34.5 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.1 percent of those under age 18 and 26.00 percent of those age 65 or over.[25]

Government and politics

[edit]

County Council

[edit]

Allendale County has a five-member council elected from single-member districts. The council has a single chairman. Council members serve four-year terms.[26]

Allendale County Council Elected Members[27]
2020
District 1 Theresa Taylor
District 2 James White, Jr.
District 3 Willa Jennings
District 4 Matthew Connelly, Chair
District 5 William Robinson, Vice Chair

Other County Officials

[edit]
Allendale County Elected Officials[28]
2020
Sheriff James Freeman[29]
Treasurer Alice Kirkland
Clerk of Court Elaine Sabb (since 2007)[30]
Cororner Renique Riley
Probate Judge D. Keith Smith

S.C. Senate

[edit]

Leading up to the 2020 Census Redistricting, Allendale County was divided between Senate districts 40 (the eastern half) and 45 (the western half). Senate District 40 has been represented by Democrat and Minority Leader Brad Hutto since 1996.[31] Democrat Margie Bright Matthews has represented District 45 since 2015, after she was elected to the position to fulfill the unexpired term of Clementa C. Pinckney.[32]

Following the redistricting, which will be used in the 2024 United States elections despite legal disputes over racial and political gerrymandering, Allendale County is solely covered by state Senate District 40.[33]

Senators representing Allendale County in the South Carolina Senate
Name Years Active Party District Other Counties
(John) Henry Johnson[34] 1920–1923[35][36] At-large
Robinson Plato Searson, Jr. 1923–1926[36][37]

1931–1938[38][39]

At-large
George Dunbar Kirkland 1927–1930[40][41] At-large
James Martin Thomas 1939–1942[42][43]

1947–1950[44][45]

At-large
William Edwin Myrick 1943–1946[46][47]

1951–1962[48][49]

At-large
Audrey Patterson Williams 1963–1966[50][51] At-large
Edgar Allan Brown 1967–1972[52][53] Democratic 18 (1967–1968)

12 (1969–1972)

Bamberg, Barnwell
James Pershing Harrelson 1973–1976[54][55] Democratic 15 Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper
James Madison Wadell, Jr. 1973–1984[54][56] Democratic 15 Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper
William Tindall Howell 1977–1979[57][58] Democratic 15 Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper
Peden B. McLeod 1980–1990[59][60] Democratic 15 (1980–1984)

45 (1985–1990)

Beaufort,

Charleston (1985–1990), Colleton, Hampton, Jasper

John W. Matthews Jr. 1985–2002[61][62] Democratic 39 Bamberg, Barnwell, Calhoun, Dorchester, Orangeburg
McKinley Washington Jr. 1990–1992[60][63] Democratic 45 Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper
Bradley Hutto 2003–present[64] Democratic 40 (2003–2012)

40 (2013–present)

Bamberg (2013–present), Barnwell, Colleton (2013–present), Hampton, Orangeburg
Clementa Pinckney 2003–2015[64][65] Democratic 45 Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper
Margie Bright Matthews 2015–2024[65] Democratic 45 Beaufort, Charleston, Colleton, Hampton, Jasper

U.S. Presidential elections

[edit]

Allendale County has been consistently Democratic in Presidential voting since 1976 and was among the few counties to be carried by Walter Mondale in 1984.[66] In the 2008 U.S. presidential election Barack Obama received 75.3 percent of the county's vote.[67] In the 2012 U.S. presidential election Barack Obama received 79.2 percent of the county's vote. In the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Joe Biden received 75.7% of the vote.[68]

United States presidential election results for Allendale County, South Carolina[69]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 835 23.24% 2,718 75.65% 40 1.11%
2016 789 21.97% 2,735 76.14% 68 1.89%
2012 838 20.13% 3,297 79.20% 28 0.67%
2008 947 23.53% 3,029 75.27% 48 1.19%
2004 985 27.43% 2,565 71.43% 41 1.14%
2000 967 28.95% 2,338 70.00% 35 1.05%
1996 941 28.75% 2,222 67.89% 110 3.36%
1992 1,049 30.36% 2,159 62.49% 247 7.15%
1988 1,295 41.59% 1,796 57.68% 23 0.74%
1984 1,570 41.66% 2,170 57.57% 29 0.77%
1980 1,182 29.62% 2,778 69.62% 30 0.75%
1976 1,064 28.69% 2,634 71.02% 11 0.30%
1972 1,741 55.34% 1,386 44.06% 19 0.60%
1968 997 29.72% 1,538 45.84% 820 24.44%
1964 1,740 69.27% 772 30.73% 0 0.00%
1960 888 60.37% 583 39.63% 0 0.00%
1956 262 19.89% 380 28.85% 675 51.25%
1952 751 63.06% 440 36.94% 0 0.00%
1948 14 1.26% 55 4.95% 1,041 93.78%
1944 8 1.11% 678 94.43% 32 4.46%
1940 30 3.21% 905 96.79% 0 0.00%
1936 3 0.24% 1,236 99.76% 0 0.00%
1932 10 0.89% 1,108 99.11% 0 0.00%
1928 24 2.86% 816 97.14% 0 0.00%
1924 14 3.02% 450 96.98% 0 0.00%
1920 11 2.44% 440 97.56% 0 0.00%

Economy

[edit]

Allendale is primarily an agricultural rural county. Its primary products are cotton, soybeans, watermelon and cantaloupe. Timbering is also important, primarily for paper pulp.

In 2022, Allendale's GDP was $317.5 million (approx. $39,491 per capita).[70] In chained 2017 dollars, its real GDP was $240.4 million (approx. $29,902 per capita).[71] From 2021 through 2024, its unemployment rate has fluctuated between 4-8%.[72]

As of April 2024, some of the largest employers in the county include Atlantic Power Corporation, AZ Electronic Materials, Georgia-Pacific, South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC), and the University of South Carolina.[73]

Employment and Wage Statistics by Industry in Allendale County, South Carolina[73]
Industry Employment Counts Employment Percentage (%) Average Annual Wage ($)
Accommodation and Food Services 46 2.0 15,808
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 13 0.6 28,600
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 117 5.0 46,124
Construction 20 0.9 30,472
Educational Services 280 12.0 50,336
Finance and Insurance 30 1.3 38,740
Health Care and Social Assistance 360 15.4 43,264
Manufacturing 782 33.5 85,228
Other Services (except Public Administration) 4 0.2 18,200
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 32 1.4 51,064
Public Administration 382 16.4 49,868
Retail Trade 140 6.0 19,708
Transportation and Warehousing 58 2.5 53,300
Wholesale Trade 68 2.9 58,708
Total 2,332 100.0% 57,969

Education

[edit]

Colleges and universities

[edit]
  • USC-Salkahatchie (a two-year campus): Robert McNair, Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1965 to 1971, moved to Allendale County as an adult because his wife was from there. Because of McNair's influence, USC Salk is located in the town of Allendale.
  • Denmark Tech: Part of the state Technical College System, Denmark Tech serves the county from its location in Bamberg County, 25 miles (40 km) from Allendale.

The county is also the site of WEBA, Channel 14, a broadcast outlet of the South Carolina Educational Television Network. Ranking 45th in population among the state's 46 counties, it is the smallest county to have either a state-supported college or an ETV station.

K-12 education

[edit]

There is one school district: Allendale County School District.[74]

Allendale County School District includes one high school: Allendale-Fairfax High School. The former C. V. Bing High School served African-American students until desegregation. Allendale Training School preceded it.[75]

Media

[edit]

Allendale County is a news desert. The last local news publications, The Citizen-Leader and The Allendale Sun, stopped printing in 2014 and 2015, respectively.[76]

Communities

[edit]

Towns

[edit]

Unincorporated communities

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Federal Writers' Project (1941). Palmetto Place Names. Sloane Printing Co. p. 11.
  2. ^ a b c "QuickFacts: Allendale County, South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Allendale County". South Carolina Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  5. ^ "Allendale County Courthouse, Allendale County (292 Barnwell Hwy., Allendale)". National Register Properties in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. August 1, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  6. ^ The Associated Press (July 28, 1965). "38 Arrested: Seize Civil Rights Pickets in Allendale Sit-in Protests". The Michigan Daily. p. 3. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  7. ^ AP (August 3, 1965). "37 Arrested As Police Break Up Allendale Sit-In". Herald-Journal. p. 1. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  8. ^ AP (August 4, 1965). "Protest Segregation: Angry Neighbors of Chicago Mayor Pelt Demonstrators". Prescott Evening Courier. p. 3. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  9. ^ "2020 County Gazetteer Files – South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  10. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  11. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  12. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  13. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  14. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  15. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  16. ^ a b United States Census Bureau. "PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS". Census Bureau. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  17. ^ U.S. Census Bureau (2020). "HOUSING UNITS". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  18. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. "URBAN AND RURAL." Decennial Census, DEC Demographic and Housing Characteristics, Table H2, 2020, https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.H2?g=050XX00US45005&y=2020&d=DEC Demographic and Housing Characteristics. Accessed on May 8, 2024.
  19. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. "HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE." Decennial Census, DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171), Table P2, 2020, https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?g=050XX00US45005. Accessed on May 8, 2024.
  20. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  21. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  22. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  23. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  24. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  25. ^ US Census Bureau Demographics Data
  26. ^ "Welcome to Allendale County, SC". www.allendalecounty.com. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  27. ^ "Welcome to Allendale County, SC". www.allendalecounty.com. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  28. ^ "Welcome to Allendale County, SC". www.allendalecounty.com. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  29. ^ "Allendale County - South Carolina Sheriffs' Association". www.sheriffsc.org. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  30. ^ "Clerk of Court". www.sccourts.org. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  31. ^ "South Carolina Legislature Online - Member Biography". www.scstatehouse.gov. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  32. ^ "South Carolina Legislature Online - Member Biography". www.scstatehouse.gov. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  33. ^ "2020 Statewide Senate Districts" (PDF). rfa.sc.gov. South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. April 1, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  34. ^ Snowden, Yates; Cutler, Harry Gardner (1920). History of South Carolina. Lewis Publishing Company.
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  38. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 79th General Assembly (1931-1932)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  39. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 82nd General Assembly (1937-1938)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  40. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 77th General Assembly (1927-1928)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  41. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 78th General Assembly (1929-1930)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  42. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 83rd General Assembly (1939-1940)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  43. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 84th General Assembly (1941-1942)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  44. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 87th General Assembly (1947-1948)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
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  48. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 89th General Assembly (1951-1952)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  49. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 94th General Assembly (1961-1962)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  50. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 95th General Assembly (1963-1964)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  51. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 96th General Assembly (1965-1966)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  52. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 97th General Assembly (1967-1968)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  53. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 99th General Assembly (1971-1972)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  54. ^ a b "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 100th General Assembly (1972-1974)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  55. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 101st General Assembly (1975-1976)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  56. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 105th General Assembly (1983-1984)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  57. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 102nd General Assembly (1977-1978)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  58. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 103rd General Assembly (1979-1980)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
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  61. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 106th General Assembly (1985-1986)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  62. ^ "South Carolina During the 2000s - The 114th General Assembly (2001-2002)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  63. ^ "South Carolina During the 1900s - The 109th General Assembly (1991-1992)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  64. ^ a b "South Carolina During the 2000s - The 115th General Assembly (2003-2004)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  65. ^ a b "South Carolina During the 2000s - The 121st General Assembly (2015-2016)". www.carolana.com. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  66. ^ Leip, Dave. "1984 Presidential General Election Results - South Carolina". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  67. ^ "Election Results 2008". The New York Times. December 9, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  68. ^ "Presidential Results". CNN Politics. May 5, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  69. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  70. ^ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (January 1, 2001). "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Allendale County, SC". FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  71. ^ U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (January 1, 2001). "Real Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Allendale County, SC". FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  72. ^ U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (January 1, 1990). "Unemployment Rate in Allendale County, SC". FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  73. ^ a b "Allendale County" (PDF). Community Profiles. Columbia, SC: S.C. Department of Employment & Workforce; Business Intelligence Department: 6, 8. April 19, 2024.
  74. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Allendale County, SC" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 25, 2024. - Text list
  75. ^ schpr.sc.gov/index.php/Detail/properties/74023
  76. ^ Hawes, Jennifer Berry (August 24, 2021). "Uncovered: SC citizen watchdogs fill voids as news deserts spread across the country". The Sumter Item. Retrieved May 14, 2024.
[edit]
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