Bischofswerda

Bischofswerda
Town
Coat of arms
Location of Bischofswerda within Bautzen district
Bischofswerda Show map of Germany Bischofswerda Show map of Saxony
Coordinates: 51°7′39″N 14°10′47″E / 51.12750°N 14.17972°E / 51.12750; 14.17972
Country	Germany
State	Saxony
District	Bautzen
Municipal assoc.	Bischofswerda
Government
• Mayor (2022–29)	Holm Große[1] (Ind.)
Area
• Total	46.26 km2 (17.86 sq mi)
Elevation	304 m (997 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)[2]
• Total	10,686
• Density	230/km2 (600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	01877
Dialling codes	03594
Vehicle registration	BZ, BIW, HY, KM
Website	www.bischofswerda.de

Bischofswerda (German: [bɪʃɔfsˈvɛʁda] ^ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Biskopicy) is a small town in eastern Germany at the western edge of Upper Lusatia in Saxony.

The town is located 33 km to the east of Dresden at the edge of the Upper Lusatian mountain country. The town is known as the "Gateway to Upper Lusatia" – "Tor zur Oberlausitz" in German. Located in the district of Bautzen, the town is 18 km west of Bautzen itself. Großdrebnitz is among its quarters. The river Wesenitz flows through the town.

The first documentary evidence of the existence of Bischofswerda dates from 1227.^[3] Nominally the town was founded by the Bishops of Meissen, though it may have existed before that point. In 1288 city walls were constructed. The first mention of Bischofswerda as a city is in a document dating from 1361. The town remained under the authority of the Bishops of Meissen until 1559 when power was transferred to Augustus, Elector of Saxony, who introduced Protestantism. The city arms are based on a 14th-century seal and consist of two crossed bishop's croziers and four stars. The significance of the stars is not known.^[4] One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the town in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route.^[5]

Like many late medieval towns, Bischofswerda suffered from periodic fires that damaged the town. Fires are recorded in 1429, 1469, 1528, 1583, 1596, 1641, 1671 and 1813. The last fire was the worst.^[6] During the War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleonic forces had occupied Bischofswerda when a fire broke out within the town walls on 12 May 1813, destroying most of the medieval town. However the town was rebuilt on an order of Frederick Augustus I of Saxony in a manner closely following the earlier layout, and this remains to this day.

During the increased tensions of the 1980s between the Western democracies and the Eastern Communist Bloc, Bischofswerda became a base for Soviet SS-12 nuclear missiles. A depot for the missiles and their launchers was built just outside town. The missiles were withdrawn in 1988.^[7]

The following table indicates Bischofwerda's population at different times:

Source from 2000: Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen (Saxony Office of Statistics)

Among the most impressive buildings are the town hall and the Christuskirche. Both are examples of neo-classical architecture and were designed by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer. The town hall (Rathaus) was constructed in 1818, just off the Altmarkt, the centre of the town. The entrance to the Christuskirche is decorated by a mosaic by Josef Goller. In the interior one can find a painting by Osmar Schindler, who grew up in the town. The Catholic church is named after Saint Benno of Meissen, who is said to have founded Bischofswerda in the 11th century.^[8]

• 
  Historical Fronfeste (built 1286), entrance at the medieval town wall
• 
  Christuskirche by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer
• 
  Mosaic at the entrance of Christuskirche (by Josef Goller and Villeroy & Boch)
• 
  Catholic church St. Benno

Before the reunification of Germany in 1990, Bischofswerda was a significant industrial location.^[9] The company Fortschritt produced agricultural machines. This manufacture as well as the glass fabrication has closed.^{[when?][why?]} The textile industry had a centuries-long tradition in the town, but also ended in 2012.^[10]

New industries began to settle in Bischofswerda in recent years. Roth Industries, a German enterprise from the environmental technology sector, has a subsidiary here. The Canadian producer of solar cells, ARISE Technologies, came to the town, but has closed.^{[citation needed]}

• 
  Textile industry in the G.D.R.
• 
  "Hazel Dormouse" bridge over the bypass road in the south-west of the town

The town is situated on the Bundesstraße 6, which connects Dresden and Görlitz at the Polish border. The Bundesautobahn 4 bypasses the town 6 km north, enabling easy access to Dresden Airport. The road traffic bypasses the town in the west.^{[clarification needed]} Via Bischofswerda railway station, direct access by rail is possible to Dresden, Görlitz, Zittau as well as to Czech Liberec.

The little town became known nationally when the local football club BSG Fortschritt Bischofswerda, sponsored by Fortschritt, twice reached the DDR-Oberliga, the highest football league in East Germany. Today, a modern open air bath and Saxony's littlest zoo can be noted. Regularly, the local festival Schiebocker Tage and a Karl May festival are organized.

• 
  DDR-Oberliga team of Bischofswerda
• 
  Open air bath
• 
  Karl May Festival

Bischofswerda is twin town of:

• Geislingen an der Steige, Germany
• Gryfów Śląski, Poland
• Raspenava, Czech Republic

Moreover, a long-term partnership exists between organizations for the disabled in Bischofswerda and Eggenfelden.

• 1891: Otto von Bismarck
• 1911: Heinrich Grafe (1857–1917), wine wholesalers, City Council Chairman and antisemitic Member of Reichstag 1893-1917

• Christian Heckel (1676–1744), teacher, organist, musician, poet and publisher
• Christian Adolph Klotz (1738–1771), philologist.^[11]
• Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–1792), theologian and enlightener.^[12]
• Robert Heller (1812–1871), writer
• Walther Hesse (1846–1911), microbiologist
• Max Neumeister (1849–1929), born in Kleindrebnitz, director of the Tharandt Forestry Academy
• Johannes Pache (1857–1897), composer
• Oskar Ernst Bernhardt (1875–1941), German founder of the Grail, writer
• Arthur Biram (1878–1967), philologist and philosopher
• Günther Wyschofsky (born 1929), politician (SED), Minister for chemical industry in the GDR
• Adeltraut Thienel, (born 1943), actress, dressmaker, designer,

• Benno (1010–1106), bishop of Meissen
• Hanns Georgi (1901–1989), painter, director of a teacher training institute

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bischofswerda.

• Bischofswerda Official Website (German)
• Statistics of Bischofswerda, Germany (German)
• Karl Wilhelm Mittag. Chronik der königlich sächsischen Stadt Bischofswerda. Verl. Friedrich May Bischofswerda, 1861 Chronicle of the town, digitized
• Images of Bischofswerda at Europeana