Cardinalis

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Cardinalis
Male pyrrhuloxia
Female pyrrhuloxia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cardinalidae
Genus: Cardinalis
Bonaparte, 1838
Type species
Cardinalis virginianus = Loxia cardinalis
Bonaparte, 1838

Cardinalis is a genus of birds in the family Cardinalidae.[1][2] There are three species ranging across the Great Lakes region to northern South America.

Description

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They are birds between 19 and 22 cm in length. Its most distinctive characteristics are the presence of a conspicuous crest and a thick and strong conical bill. There is sexual dimorphism;[3] males have a greater amount of red in their plumage, and females have only some tints, with a predominance of gray. Immature individuals are similar to females.

Species

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Genus Cardinalis – Bonaparte, 1838 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Northern cardinal


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Cardinalis cardinalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nineteen subspecies[4]
  • C. c. cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • C. c. affinis Nelson, 1899
  • C. c. canicaudus Chapman, 1891
  • C. c. carneus (Lesson, 1842)
  • C. c. clintoni (Banks, 1963)
  • C. c. coccineus Ridgway, 1873
  • C. c. flammiger J.L. Peters, 1913
  • C. c. floridanus Ridgway, 1896
  • C. c. igneus S.F. Baird, 1860
  • C. c. littoralis Nelson, 1897
  • C. c. magnirostris Bangs, 1903
  • C. c. mariae Nelson, 1898
  • C. c. phillipsi Parkes, 1997
  • C. c. saturatus Ridgway, 1885
  • C. c. seftoni (Huey, 1940)
  • C. c. sinaloensis Nelson, 1899
  • C. c. superbus Ridgway, 1885
  • C. c. townsendi (van Rossem, 1932)
  • C. c. yucatanicus Ridgway, 1887
United States from Maine to Texas and in Canada in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Its range extends west to the U.S.–Mexico border and south through Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, northern Guatemala, and northern Belize
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Pyrrhuloxia (desert cardinal)


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Cardinalis sinuatus
Bonaparte, 1838 		U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas and woodland edges in Mexico
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Vermilion cardinal


Male
{{{image-alt2}}}
Female

Cardinalis phoeniceus
Bonaparte, 1838 		Colombia and Venezuela
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



Phylogeny

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Cladogram based on analysis by Tilston Smith and Klicka published in 2013.[5]

Cardinalis

References

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  1. ^ "Taxonomy browser (Cardinalis)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  2. ^ "Definition of CARDINALIS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  3. ^ "Rare half-male, half-female cardinal spotted in Pennsylvania". Animals. 2019-01-31. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  4. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Cardinals, grosbeaks and (tanager) allies". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  5. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Multilocus-species-tree-and-mtDNA-tree-for-Cardinalis-cardinalis-and-allies-Species-tree_fig2_235778391
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