Company's Garden

Company's Garden
Type	Botanical
Location	Cape Town, South Africa
Coordinates	33°55′40″S 18°25′01″E / 33.92778°S 18.41694°E / -33.92778; 18.41694
Area	3.2 ha (7.9 acres)
Created	29 April 1652; 372 years ago (1652-04-29)
Operated by	City of Cape Town

The Company's Garden is the oldest garden in South Africa, a park and heritage site located in central Cape Town.^[1] The garden was originally created in the 1650s by the region's first European settlers and provided fertile ground to grow fresh produce to replenish ships rounding the Cape. It is watered from the Molteno Dam, which uses water from the springs on the lower slopes of Table Mountain.^[2]

The Dutch East India Company established the garden in Cape Town for the purpose of providing fresh vegetables to the settlement as well as passing ships. Master gardener and free burgher Hendrik Boom prepared the first ground for sowing of seed on 29 April 1652. The settlers sowed different kinds of seeds and kept record thereof each day. Through trial and error they managed to compile a calendar which they used for the sowing and harvesting throughout the year. At first they grew salad herbs, peas, large beans, radish, beet, spinach, wheat, cabbage, asparagus and turnips among others. They caught fish, trapped wild animals and traded with the Khoisan for cattle and sheep with copper and tobacco. By 1653 the garden allowed the settlers to become self sustainable throughout the year. As the settlement grew, additional farming land was prepared at Rondebosch in 1656. By 1658 nearly every garden plant of Europe and India was already cultivated in the garden, though potatoes and maize were not yet introduced.^[3]

Before 1680 the Company's Garden was mainly used to produce vegetables, until Simon van der Stel laid out the ground afresh for the purpose of beautifying the garden. During the 17th century the garden was made famous by writers of various nationalities, claiming that visitors who had seen the most celebrated gardens of Europe and India were agreed that nowhere else in the world was so great a variety of trees and shrubs of vegetables and flowers to be met with together. The garden superintendent and Botanist Hendrik Bernard Oldenland compiled a herbarium which was sent to the Netherlands after his sudden death. In 1770 the 'Catalogue of Plants' was found in possession of Professor Burmann of Amsterdam.^[4]

• The oldest cultivated pear tree in South Africa (circa 1652)
• A rose garden designed and built in 1929
• A well stocked fish pond
• Dellville Wood Memorial Garden, which commemorates the World War I Battle of Delville Wood in France, in which a predominantly South African force of more than 3,000 soldiers was reduced to 755 survivors by German forces
• An aviary
• Restaurant – The Company's Garden Restaurant
• Botanically and historically valuable trees
• Local arts and crafts along the avenue
• Lawns and benches
• A herb and succulent garden
• Historic statues
• Iziko South African Museum and Iziko National Gallery
• Various wild, feral and semi-domesticated species of birds and animals, including the African turtle dove, laughing dove, rock dove, Egyptian goose and squirrels.

Image	Subject	Location	Designer/Sculptor	Date of unveiling	Notes	Listing
	Cecil John Rhodes 1855–1902 Your hinterland is there	33°55′35.8″S 18°25′02.8″E / 33.926611°S 18.417444°E / -33.926611; 18.417444 (Cecil John Rhones)	Herbert Baker	28 June 1910 –University of Cape Town Newspaper Archives Cape Argus	Main article: Statue of Cecil Rhodes, Company's Garden
	Japanese Lantern Monument	33°55′33″S 018°25′6″E / 33.92583°S 18.41833°E / -33.92583; 18.41833		1932	Main article: Japanese Lantern Monument
	Artillery Memorial	33°55′41.8″S 18°24′58.4″E / 33.928278°S 18.416222°E / -33.928278; 18.416222			Main article: Artillery Memorial, Cape Town
	Delville Wood Memorial This memorial commemorates the South Africans who died in the Great Wars 1914–1918, 1939–1944.	33°55′41″S 18°24′57.3″E / 33.92806°S 18.415917°E / -33.92806; 18.415917 (Delville Wood Memorial)	Herbert Baker	3 November 1930	Main article: Delville Wood Memorial
	Major General Sir Henry Timson Lukin EKCB CMG DSO Commander Legion Nile Born 24 May 1860 Died 16 December 1925 He served his King and beloved by his fellow men	33°55′40.2″S 18°24′56.2″E / 33.927833°S 18.415611°E / -33.927833; 18.415611 (Major General Sir Henry Timson Lukin)	Anton van Wouw	March 3, 1932 (University of Cape Town Newspaper Archives Cape Argus).
	Sir George Grey K.C.B Governor 1854–1861	33°55′32.3″S 18°25′06.6″E / 33.925639°S 18.418500°E / -33.925639; 18.418500 (Sir George Grey)	William Calder Marshall	1863	Main article: Statue of George Grey
	AIDS Memorial	33°55′40.1″S 18°24′59.5″E / 33.927806°S 18.416528°E / -33.927806; 18.416528 (AIDS Memorial)		2002
	Temperance Memorial Jesus said whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst But the water that I shall give him shall be in him as a well of that I shall give him shall never thirst water springing up into everlasting life	33°55′35″S 18°25′01″E / 33.92639°S 18.41694°E / -33.92639; 18.41694 (Temperance Memorial)		1861	Main articles: Temperance fountain and Temperance movement
	Field Marshal General Jan Christian Smuts 1870 – 1950	33°55′42.4″S 18°24′59.2″E / 33.928444°S 18.416444°E / -33.928444; 18.416444 (Field Marshal General Jan Christian Smuts)	Sydney Harpley	29 May 1964	Main article: Statue of Jan Christian Smuts (Cape Town)
	Lioness Gateway	33°55′49″S 18°24′52″E / 33.93028°S 18.41444°E / -33.93028; 18.41444 (Lioness Gateway)	Anton Anreith	1805

• Parliament and Tuynhuys are adjacent to the park
• National Library of South Africa
• St George's Cathedral
• Slave Lodge
• Centre for the Book
• Gardens Shul, South African Jewish Museum
• Cape Town Holocaust Centre
• Hiddingh Campus, University of Cape Town
• Mount Nelson Hotel

• The Company's Garden hosts the annual Cape Town Festival.
• Cape Peninsula University of Technology usually has the annual walking/city tour that concludes at the garden.

• Iziko South African Museum
• South African National Gallery
• National Library of South Africa

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Company's Garden.

• Cape Town Festival
• SA Jewish Museum
• Cape Town Parks
• Site by Company Gardens, Cape Town, at SAHRA