Islamic Republican Party
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Islamic Republican Party حزب جمهوری اسلامی | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Historic leader | Ruhollah Khomeini |
| Founders | Ali Khamenei[1] Mohammad Beheshti[1] |
| Founded | 17 February 1979[2] |
| Dissolved | 1 June 1987[2] |
| Headquarters | Tehran, Iran[3] |
| Newspaper | Jomhouri-e Eslami[4] |
| Paramilitary wing | Revolutionary Guards[5] |
| Trade union | Workers' House |
| Membership | 2.5 million (1979 est.)[6] |
| Ideology | Khomeinism[7] |
| Political position | Big tent[10] |
| Religion | Shia Islam |
| Electoral alliance | Islamic Coalition (1979)[11] Grand Coalition (1980)[12] |
| Slogan | "One nation, one religion, one order, one leader"[4] |
The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; Persian: حزب جمهوری اسلامی, romanized: Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) was formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini in their goal to establish theocracy in Iran. It was disbanded in 1987 due to internal conflicts.
Founders and characteristics
[edit]The party was formed just two weeks following the revolution upon the request of Ayatollah Khomeini.[13] Five cofounders of the party were Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei, and Abdolkarim Mousavi-Ardabili.[13][1] Early members of the central committee of the party, in addition to founding members, were Hassan Ayat, Asadollah Badamchiyan, Abdullah Jasbi, Mir Hossein Mousavi, Habibollah Askar Oladi, Sayyed Mahmoud Kashani, Mahdi Araghi, and Ali Derakhshan.[1] The party had three general secretaries: Beheshti, Bahonar and Khamenei.[1]
The party has been said to be distinguished by "its strong clerical component, its loyalty to Khomeini, its strong animosity to the liberal political movements, and its tendency to support the revolutionary organizations", such as the komiteh. Policies it supported included the state takeover of large capital enterprises, the establishment of an Islamic cultural and university system, and programs to assist the poor.[14] These revolutionary ayatollahs originally used the party to form a monopoly over the post-revolutionary theocratic Iranian state. In its struggle with civilian opponents, the party made use of its ties to the Revolutionary Guards and Hezbollah.
Secretaries-general
[edit]| Name | Tenure | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Mohammad Beheshti | 1979–1981 | [1] |
| Mohammad Javad Bahonar | 1981 | [1] |
| Ali Khamenei | 1981–1987 | [1] |
Causes of its dissolution
[edit]
In the late 1980s, factionalism in the IRP intensified, the major issues being the Iran-Iraq War, whether to open up to foreign countries or remain isolated, and economic policies. Because all rival parties had been banned, the party "did almost nothing and had little incentive to."[15] According to Ahmad Mneisi,
"While unanimous on the idea of a theological state and united under the umbrella of one party, the Islamic Republican Party (IRP), [the religious right] differed on a number of issues, such as the extent to which religion is to take hold of political life (the Velayat-e Faqih debate).[16]
Daniel Brumberg argued that it was in response to the dispute between president Ali Khamenei and popular prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi that the IRP was dissolved as the Islamic Republican Party served "as a stronghold of radical activism", supporting Mousavi.[17] Another report states that it was dissolved in May 1987 due to internal conflicts,[1][18] and the party was disbanded upon joint proposal of Rafsanjani and then party leader Khameini on 2 May 1987 when their proposal was endorsed by Khomeini.[13]
1983 congress
[edit]The party held its first congress in May 1983 and the members elected the 30-members central council as follows:[19]
|
|
Allied organizations
[edit]The following organizations formed an alliance with the party:[20]
- Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization
- Islamic Coalition Party
- Combatant Clergy Association
- Worker House
Electoral history
[edit]Presidential elections
[edit]| Election | Main candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Hassan Habibi | 674,859 | 3.35 | 3rd |
| 1981, July | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | 12,779,050 | 87.69 | 1st |
| 1981, October | Ali Khamenei | 16,007,072 | 95.01 | 1st |
| 1985 | Ali Khamenei | 12,203,870 | 87.90 | 1st |
Parliamentary elections
[edit]| Election | Party leader | Seats | +/– | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Mohammad Beheshti | 85 / 270 | — | 1st |
| 1984 | Ali Khamenei | 130 / 270 |  45 | 1st |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Asayesh, Hossein; Adlina Ab. Halim; Jayum A. Jawan; Seyedeh Nosrat Shojaei (March 2011). "Political Party in Islamic Republic of Iran: A Review". Journal of Politics and Law. 4 (1). doi:10.5539/jpl.v4n1p221. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d John H. Lorentz (2010). "Islamic Republican Party (IRP)". The A to Z of Iran. The A to Z Guide Series. Vol. 209. Scarecrow Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1461731917.
- ^ Rubin, Barry M.; Rubin, Judith Colp (2008), "The Iranian Revolution and The War in Afghanistan", Chronologies of Modern Terrorism, M.E. Sharpe, p. 246, ISBN 9780765622068,
In Tehran, Iran, a bomb set by the Mujahideen-e Khalq (MEK), a leftist group with a philosophy combining Marxism and Islam, explodes at the headquarters of the ruling Islamic Republican Party, killing 73 people, including the party's founder, chief justice Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti, four cabinet ministers and 23 parliament members.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ervand Abrahamian (1989). Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin. I.B.Tauris. pp. 42–45. ISBN 9781850430773.
- ^ Said Amir Arjomand (1988). The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. Studies in Middle Eastern history. Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780195042580.
- ^ New Iran bursting with mass politics, Detroit Free Press, 20 June 1979, p. 28
- ^ M Nasif Sharani (2013). Esposito, John L.; Shahin, Emad El-Din (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 196. ISBN 9780195395891.
- ^ Ghorashi, Halleh (2002), Ways to survive, battles to win: Iranian women exiles in the Netherlands and United States, Nova Publishers, p. 63, ISBN 978-1-59033-552-9
- ^ a b Abrahamian, Khomeinism, 1993: pp. 33–36.
- ^ a b c Antoine, Olivier; Sfeir, Roy (2007), The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism, Columbia University Press, p. 150
- ^ Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin (2014). A Critical Introduction to Khomeini. Cambridge University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-107-72906-3.
- ^ Houchang E. Chehabi (1990). Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini. I.B.Tauris. p. 283. ISBN 1850431981.
- ^ a b c Behrooz, Maziar (October 1994). "Factionalism in Iran under Khomeini". Middle Eastern Studies. 27 (4): 597–614. doi:10.1080/00263209108700879. JSTOR 4283464.
- ^ Bakhash, Reign of the Ayatollahs, (1984), p. 67
- ^ Keddie, Nikkie, Modern Iran, 2003, pp. 259-60
- ^ Mneisi, Ahmad. 2004. The Power shift within Iran's right wing Ahram, 5 July 2004
- ^ Brumberg, Daniel, Reinventing Khomeini : The Struggle for Reform in Iran, University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 134
- ^ Nikou, Semira N. "Timeline of Iran's Political Events". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ^ Mohammadighalehtaki, Ariabarzan (2012). Organisational Change in Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat) (Ph.D. thesis). Durham University. pp. 159–161.
- ^ Mohammadighalehtaki, Ariabarzan (2012). Organisational Change in Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat) (Ph.D. thesis). Durham University. p. 165.
