Kaldenkirchen

Kaldenkirchen
Stadtteil of Nettetal
Coat of arms
Location of Kaldenkirchen
Kaldenkirchen Show map of Germany Kaldenkirchen Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia
Coordinates: 51°19′N 6°17′E / 51.317°N 6.283°E / 51.317; 6.283
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Düsseldorf
District	Viersen
Town	Nettetal
Area
• Total	20.13 km2 (7.77 sq mi)
Elevation	40 m (130 ft)
Population  (2020-12-31)[1]
• Total	10,025
• Density	500/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	41334
Dialling codes	02153, 02157, 02158
Vehicle registration	VIE

Kaldenkirchen (Limburgish: Kaldekerke) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, situated close to the Dutch border at Venlo. It is part of the municipality of Nettetal.

The earliest reference to “Caldenkirken” appears in a document dated 1206.

Until 1794 the city belonged to the Duchy of Jülich. After the Congress of Vienna in 1814 Kaldenkirchen lay within the borders of Prussia. In In 1856 King Frederick William IV of Prussia permitted the use of “town” for this city. 1903 the German Emperor Wilhelm II permitted the city arms.

The synagogue was destroyed during the Kristallnacht. The city was evacuated during the last weeks of the Second World War. In 1947 a fire destroyed 90% of the surrounding forest.

In 1961 Kaldenkirchen had a population of 6305, 23% of whom were refugees. On 1 January 1970 Kaldenkirchen became part of the newly founded city of Nettetal.^[2]

Families from Kaldenkirchen were among the earliest emigrants to Pennsylvania. In 1683 thirteen German families emigrated on the ship Concord sailing from Rotterdam to Philadelphia. These families were members of the Religious Society of Friends (aka "Quakers") and Mennonites. Most were from the town of Krefeld, but some were from Kaldenkirchen. These thirteen families founded Germantown.^[3] Subsequent emigrants from Kaldenkirchen to Germantown included Paulus and Gertrude Kuster, the great-great-great-great-grandparents of U.S. Army colonel George Armstrong Custer.

For more than 150 years the economic life of Kaldenkirchen was characterized by the tobacco industry. At the turn of the century the roof tiles industry was active for some years due to the resources of clay in the Grenzwald (forest bordering Germany and the Netherlands).

As Kaldenkirchen is situated near the border it was an important reloading point with a main customs office and many freight forwarders until 1993.^[4] Currently there are various inter-regional companies like the plant nursery Lappen, the producer of sound cards TerraTec, the food company Halal Mekkafood and the German Branch Office of Panini Comics.

Kaldenkirchen has direct access to the autobahn A61 and has three exits. It also has a train station with double-tracked passenger and freight traffic to Venlo/NL and single-tracked traffic to Mönchengladbach.

The main sights are the Catholic Parish Church St. Clemens,^[5] the Protestant Church and the Rokoko Pavillon built in the second half of the 18th century.^[6] . The manor house Altenhof was almost 500 years the property of Earl of Spee. The nearby Grenzwald is a popular Recreation area and Nature reserve.

Right at the border there is the Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen, a precious Arboretum that has been used as a Biological institute for many years and has much historical interest.^[7]

• August von Brandis (1862-1947), artist. He spent a lot of time in the garden pavilion of his parents-in-law in Kaldenkirchen.^{[citation needed]}
• Anton van Eyk (1911–2004), artist^{[citation needed]}
• Wilhelm Imkamp (b. 1951), German Catholic prelate
• Illa Martin (1900–1988), dendrologist, botanist, conservationist and dentist^{[citation needed]}
• Leo Peters (born 1944), historian^[8]

The village had its own Stock Car circuit ^[9] which hosted major international events including the Superstox World Championship in 1975, 1978 and 1987. It also staged the first running of the Stock Saloon World Championship on 19 September 1982. The track was closed at the end of the 1987 racing season.

• Johann Finken: Die Stadt Kaldenkirchen. Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte, besonders der katholischen Pfarre. Heinrich Schmitz, Straelen 1897
• Gregor Herter: Gruß aus Kaldenkirchen. Grenz-Stadt-Spuren. Bilder und Texte zur Geschichte Kaldenkirchens. Bürgerverein Kaldenkirchen 1987
• Leo Peters: Rheinischer Städteatlas. Kaldenkirchen. Böhlau, Köln 1996, ISBN 3-7927-1562-7
• Leo Peters: Geschichte der Stadt Kaldenkirchen. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der französischen Zeit 1814. Band 2: Vom Beginn der preußischen Zeit bis zum Ende der Selbständigkeit 1970. B.O.S.S. Kleve 1998, ISBN 3-9805931-5-0
• Hans-Dieter Boos: Wandern – Wandel – Wissen. Grenzort Kaldenkirchen in Nettetal. Bürgerverein Kaldenkirchen, Nettetal 2006

• Website Kaldenkirchen (German)
• Website of the Arboretum Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen (German)