List of massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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This is a list of all massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

List

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Name Date Fatalities Notes
Belgian Mission - Congo Genocide 1890 to 1910 10/15 Millions Deaths By King Leopold II, the constitutional monarch of Belgium against African Congolese people. In the 19th century, Leopold II, tried to persuade the governance to colonize certain areas of Africa. Under the pretext of humanitarian purposes, he managed to legally own the Kongo Kingdom. The new name given to the colonized Kongo Kingdom was Congo Free State[1]
Hema massacre of 1911 4 December 1911 200+ By Lendu people against Hema people[2]
Elisabethville Massacre December 1941 30-70
Léopoldville riots January 1959 49+
Massacre at Luluabourg October 1959 300+ By Lulua people against Baluba people in Luluabourg[3]
Luluabourg massacre (1961) 27-28 February, 1961 44 The New York Times reported that 44 civilians had been killed by government forces in revenge for the killing of three soldiers by rioters.[4]
Port Francqui incident April 28, 1961 (1961-April-28) 47 [5]
Kindu atrocity 11 or 12 November 1961 13 Murders of 13 Italian airmen by soldiers during the Congo Crisis.
November 1964 8+ Four Protestant missionaries, four Spanish nuns, and an unknown number of Catholic priests were brutally murdered by Communist rebels during the Simba rebellion.[6]
Battle of Kolwezi 18–22 May 1978 Hundreds The Congolese National Liberation Front massacred hundreds of White European civilians during Shaba II, mostly Belgians.[7][8]
Luamwela massacre 5 July 1979 50 Killing of 50 miners by the Congolese army and the Societé Minière de Bakwanga.[9]
Katelakayi massacre July 19, 1979 (1979-07-19) 140-200 Killing of at least 140 miners by the Congolese army and the Societé Minière de Bakwanga. Some reports said that over 200 miners had died.[9]
20 March to July 1993 14,000 Initially starting in the town of Mtutu, as an anti-Banyarwanda massacre by Hunde and Nyanga people, Banyarwanda fought back, starting an ethnic conflict that killed 14,000 people.[10]
Mokoto monastery massacre May 12, 1996 (1996-05-12) 750 750 Tutsi refugees hiding in a monastery were slaughtered by Hutu forces.[11][10][12]
Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War 1996-1997 Thousands
Lemera massacre October 6, 1996 37 37 individuals, including FAZ (Forces Armées Zaïroises) soldiers, nurses, patients, and Zairean civilians who were in the vicinity of the Lemera hospital, were killed by the forces of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL).
Musekera massacre October 20, 1996 (1996-10-20) 300 Three hundred Hutu civilians were bludgeoned to death by Rwandan soldiers.[13]
Butembo massacre From February 20 to April 300-600 Reprisals for Mayi Mayi attacks by Congolese Armed Forces[14]
Kasika massacre September 5, 1998 (1998-09-05) 1,000+ Massacre of Nyindu during the Second Congo War. The figure of 1,000 was estimated by the United Nations Mapping Report. The massacre was actually a series of massacres that began with the killing of 36 Nyindu civilians inside a Catholic church by Rwanda, Ugandan, or Banyamulenge forces.[15]
Makobola massacre From December 30, 1998, to January 2, 1999 800+ The forces of the Rally for Congolese Democracy (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie; RCD) perpetrated a massacre, resulting in the death of over 800 civilians, predominantly from the Bembe community.
Kisangani massacre 13-15 May 2002 183
Kiwanja massacre 4-5 November 2008 150 Perpetrated by the National Congress for the Defence of the People[16][17]
2008 Christmas massacres 24-27 December 2008 620-860+ Attack by the Christian terrorist Lord's Resistance Army
Makombo massacre 14-17 December 2009 321-345 Attack by the Christian terrorist Lord's Resistance Army
Masisi massacre 2014 70+ [18]
2014 Mutarule attack June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06) 35
Beni massacre August 14, 2016 (2016-08-14) 101
Kipupu massacre July 16, 2020 (2020-07-16) 18-220 [19]
Drodro massacre November 21, 2021 (2021-11-21) 44
Plaine Savo massacre February 2, 2022 (2022-02-02) 60
Otomabere massacre June 5, 2022 (2022-06-05) 18-27 Suspected Allied Democratic Forces attacked Otomabere in Irumu Territory, Ituri Province.
Kishishe massacre 29 November - 1 December 2022 131-300+

References

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  1. ^ {{The Collector |last=Korfiati|first= Marietta | title=Congolese Genocide: The Overlooked History of the Colonized Congo|year=2022 |url=https://www.thecollector.com/congolese-genocide-colonized-congo/ |access-date=2024-17-10 |
  2. ^ Fahey, Dan (2013). Ituri: Gold, land, and ethnicity in north-eastern Congo. London, United Kingdom: Rift Valley Institute. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-907431-12-8.
  3. ^ "THE BELGIAN CONGO: Sounds of the Future". Time. 1959-10-26. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
  4. ^ Times, Henry Tanner Special To the New York (1961-03-03). "44 SLAIN IN KASAI AS CONGO TROOPS FIRE ON CIVILIANS; Soldiers in Luluabourg Riot After Mob Kills 3 -- Ileo Repeats Call-Up Order 44 SLAIN IN KASAI BY CONGO TROOPS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
  5. ^ "Today in History: How 43 Ghanaian peacekeepers were killed by Congolese army". GhanaWeb. 2020-04-28. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  6. ^ "The Congo Massacre". ChristianityToday.com. 18 December 1964. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
  7. ^ Odom, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas P. (April 1993). "Shaba II: The French and Belgian Intervention in Zaire in 1978" (PDF). Combat Studies Institute.
  8. ^ "The Age - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  9. ^ a b "Chronology of the Democratic Republic of Congo/Zaire (1960-1997) | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network". www.sciencespo.fr. 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  10. ^ a b Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Chronology for Tutsis in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo". Refworld. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  11. ^ Binet, Laurence (April 2013). "The Hunting and Killing of Rwandan Refugees in Zaire-Congo (1996-1997)" (PDF). Médecins Sans Frontières.
  12. ^ "Letter from the Archive: The Genocide in Rwanda". The New Yorker. 2014-04-04. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  13. ^ "A second Rwanda genocide is revealed in Congo". NBC News. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  14. ^ "Amnesty International Annual Report 1999".
  15. ^ "CASUALTIES OF WAR". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  16. ^ "Massacre de Kiwanja en RDC: dix ans plus tard, aucune poursuite judiciaire". RFI (in French). 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  17. ^ Wambua-Soi, Catherine. "Revisiting massacre site". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  18. ^ "UN blames DR Congo groups for 'Masisi massacre'". BBC News. 2014-02-14. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  19. ^ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Congolese Nobel Laureate Speaks Out Against Killings". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
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