The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.
Cities and settlements [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Capital (of an independent nation ) Wellington , New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E / 41.28889°S 174.77722°E / -41.28889; 174.77722 (Wellington, New Zealand ) Permanent settlement of any size Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica ) Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] McMurdo Station , Antarctica 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica ) Town > 1,000 people Puerto Williams , Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Puerto Williams, Chile ) City > 50,000 people Ushuaia , Argentina 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W / -54.800; -68.300 (Ushuaia, Argentina ) City > 100,000 people Punta Arenas , Chile 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile ) City > 250,000 people Christchurch , New Zealand 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E / 43.53000°S 172.62028°E / -43.53000; 172.62028 (Christchurch, New Zealand ) City > 500,000 people Mar del Plata , Argentina 38°00′S 57°33′W / 38.000°S 57.550°W / -38.000; -57.550 (Mar del Plata, Argentina ) Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Melbourne , Australia 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E / -37.81361; 144.96306 (Melbourne, Australia ) Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Buenos Aires , Argentina 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W / 34.60333°S 58.38167°W / -34.60333; -58.38167 (Buenos Aires, Argentina ) Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people São Paulo , Brazil 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W / 23.55167°S 46.63361°W / -23.55167; -46.63361 (São Paulo, Brazil )
Geography [ edit ] Islands [ edit ] The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.
Animals [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica [11] 90°00′S 139°16′W / 90.000°S 139.267°W / -90.000; -139.267 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica ) Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands , Antarctica [12] 68°42′S 67°32′W / 68.700°S 67.533°W / -68.700; -67.533 (Terra Firma Islands ) Trees (Nothofagus betuloides , naturally occurring) Hornos Island , Chile [13] 55°58′S 67°15′W / 55.967°S 67.250°W / -55.967; -67.250 (Cape Horn ) Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum , naturally occurring) Tierra del Fuego , Chile [14] [15] 54°20′S 70°7′W / 54.333°S 70.117°W / -54.333; -70.117 (Tierra del Fuego ) Palms (nīkau (Rhopalostylis sapida ), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands , New Zealand [16] 44°02′S 176°26′W / 44.033°S 176.433°W / -44.033; -176.433 (Chatham Islands, New Zealand )
Agriculture [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Cattle farm Estancia Moat , Tierra del Fuego Province , Argentina [17] 54°58′32″S 66°44′41″W / 54.97556°S 66.74472°W / -54.97556; -66.74472 (Estancia Moat ) Cherry orchard Los Antiguos , Santa Cruz Province , Argentina [18] 46°32′30″S 71°39′20″W / 46.54167°S 71.65556°W / -46.54167; -71.65556 Potato farm Centro Experimental Kampenaike , Magallanes Region , Chile [19] 52°37′59″S 70°32′41″W / 52.63306°S 70.54472°W / -52.63306; -70.54472 Rice field San Nicolás , Ñuble Region , Chile [20] [21] 36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W / 36.503333°S 72.212222°W / -36.503333; -72.212222 (San Nicolás ) Vineyard Chile Chico , Aysén Region , Chile [22] 46°32′00″S 71°41′16″W / 46.53333°S 71.68778°W / -46.53333; -71.68778 (Viñedo experimental )
Education [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College , Dunedin , New Zealand [23] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E / 45.85472°S 170.49861°E / -45.85472; 170.49861 (John McGlashan College in Dunedin ) University National University of Tierra del Fuego , Ushuaia , Argentina [24] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W / 54.81583°S 68.31778°W / -54.81583; -68.31778 (Ushuaia, Argentina ) Kindergarten Puerto Williams ,[25] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Kindergarten in Puerto Williams ) Secondary school Puerto Williams , Chile [26] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Puerto Williams, Chile ) Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín ", Esperanza Base , Antarctica [27] 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica )
Science and technology [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope , Antarctica 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (South Pole Telescope, Antarctica ) Permanent scientific research station Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica ) Planetarium Tūhura Otago Museum , Dunedin , New Zealand [28] 45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E / 45.86556°S 170.51056°E / -45.86556; 170.51056 (Otago Museum ) Nuclear power plant Atucha I , Argentina [29] 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W / -33.967; -59.200 (Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina ) Atucha II , Argentina [citation needed ] 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W / -33.967; -59.200 (Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina )
Historical sites and archaeological findings [ edit ] Transportation [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica 89°59′22″S 1°00′00″W / 89.98944°S 1.00000°W / -89.98944; -1.00000 (Jack F. Paulus Skiway, Antarctica ) Seaport /Harbour Winter Quarters Bay , McMurdo Station , Antarctica [31] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica ) Narrow gauge railway Dumont d'Urville Station , Antarctica [32] [33] The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island .[32]
66°40′S 140°01′E / 66.667°S 140.017°E / -66.667; 140.017 (Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica ) Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport , Puerto Williams , Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport ) International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport , Ushuaia , Argentina 54°50′S 68°17′W / 54.833°S 68.283°W / -54.833; -68.283 (Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport ) Traffic light Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia , Argentina 54°49′42″S 68°20′04″W / 54.82834°S 68.33436°W / -54.82834; -68.33436 Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino ) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina [34] 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W / -54.800; -68.300 (Ushuaia, Argentina ) Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge , Falkland Islands [35] 51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E / 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge ) Electrified railway Wellington station , Wellington , New Zealand 41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E / 41.27861°S 174.78083°E / -41.27861; 174.78083 Metro station Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[36] 34°38′35″S 58°27′42″W / 34.64306°S 58.46167°W / -34.64306; -58.46167 (Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón ) Underground railway station Flagstaff railway station , Melbourne , Australia 37°48′44″S 144°57′22″E / 37.81222°S 144.95611°E / -37.81222; 144.95611 Tramway system Christchurch Heritage Tram , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′07″S 172°38′28″E / 43.53528°S 172.64111°E / -43.53528; 172.64111 (Christchurch Heritage Tram ) (southernmost point of route)
Recreation [ edit ] Religious buildings [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows , Belgrano II Base, Antarctica [40] [41] 77°52′S 34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W / -77.867; -34.617 (Belgrano II Base, Antarctica ) Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church ), King George Island , Antarctica [citation needed ] 62°12′S 58°58′W / 62.200°S 58.967°W / -62.200; -58.967 (King George Island, Antarctica ) Mormon church Puerto Williams , Chile [42] 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Mormon church of Puerto Williams, Chile ) Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón , Diocese of Punta Arenas , Punta Arenas , Chile [43] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile ) Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas , Chile [44] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile ) Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill , New Zealand [45] 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E / 46.40972°S 168.38889°E / -46.40972; 168.38889 (Invercargill, New Zealand ) Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue , Dunedin , New Zealand [46] [47] 45°52′S 170°30′E / 45.867°S 170.500°E / -45.867; 170.500 (Dunedin, New Zealand ) Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello , Dunedin , New Zealand [48] 45°51′S 170°39′E / 45.850°S 170.650°E / -45.850; 170.650 (Portobello, New Zealand ) Sikh Gurdwara New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt , New Zealand [49] 41°12′S 174°57′E / 41.200°S 174.950°E / -41.200; 174.950 (New Zealand Sikh Society )
Shops and service facilities [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Tourist office Puerto Williams ,[50] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Puerto Williams, Chile ) Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[51] Puerto Williams , Chile 54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W / 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039 Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula [citation needed ] 62°14′S 58°40′W / 62.233°S 58.667°W / -62.233; -58.667 (Jubany ) Public post office Port Lockroy , Goudier Island , Antarctica [52] 64°49′S 63°30′W / 64.817°S 63.500°W / -64.817; -63.500 (Port Lockroy, Antarctica ) Bar Faraday Bar,[53] Vernadsky Research Base , Antarctica 65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W / 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391 Automated teller machine McMurdo Station , Antarctica [54] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica )
International brand names [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Mercedes-Benz retailer Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia , Argentina 54°48′05″S 68°17′06″W / 54.80131°S 68.28499°W / -54.80131; -68.28499 Toyota retailer Celentano Motors, Ushuaia , Argentina 54°47′30″S 68°14′12″W / 54.79156°S 68.23678°W / -54.79156; -68.23678 Volkswagen retailer Ushuaia , Argentina 54°47′27″S 68°14′25″W / 54.79077°S 68.24022°W / -54.79077; -68.24022 Mobil petrol station Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E / 46.42944°S 168.36167°E / -46.42944; 168.36167 [55] Tesla retailer Wigram , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′44″S 172°33′34″E / 43.54562°S 172.55936°E / -43.54562; 172.55936 [56] H&M Christchurch Central , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E / 43.53333°S 172.63778°E / -43.53333; 172.63778 [57] Shell petrol station Blackmans Bay , Tasmania , Australia 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E / 43.00000°S 147.32028°E / -43.00000; 147.32028 [58] Aldi Wonthaggi , Victoria , Australia 38°36′15″S 145°35′34″E / 38.60429°S 145.59273°E / -38.60429; 145.59273 7-Eleven Rosebud , Victoria , Australia 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E / 38.35694°S 144.90111°E / -38.35694; 144.90111 [59] ECCO Moorabbin , Melbourne , Australia 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E / 37.97083°S 145.08917°E / -37.97083; 145.08917 [60] IKEA Springvale , Melbourne , Australia 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E / 37.92667°S 145.14333°E / -37.92667; 145.14333 Zara Chadstone Shopping Centre , Malvern East , Melbourne , Australia 37°53′05″S 145°05′00″E / 37.88464°S 145.08320°E / -37.88464; 145.08320
Franchised food brands [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Hard Rock Café Ushuaia , Argentina 54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W / 54.806825°S 68.3062502°W / -54.806825; -68.3062502 Domino's Pizza Punta Arenas , Chile 53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W / 53.138801°S 70.889852°W / -53.138801; -70.889852 Pizza Hut Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E / 46.427798°S 168.361313°E / -46.427798; 168.361313 Subway Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E / 46.427908°S 168.361736°E / -46.427908; 168.361736 McDonald's Invercargill , New Zealand [61] 46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E / 46.420921°S 168.361503°E / -46.420921; 168.361503 KFC Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′08″S 168°21′42″E / 46.418758°S 168.361609°E / -46.418758; 168.361609 Burger King Invercargill , New Zealand [62] 46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E / 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750 Starbucks Invercargill , New Zealand [63] 46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E / 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075 Wendy's Dunedin , New Zealand [64] 45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E / 45.894013°S 170.503808°E / -45.894013; 170.503808 Taco Bell Dunedin North , Dunedin , New Zealand 45°51′39″S 170°30′45″E / 45.86095°S 170.51238°E / -45.86095; 170.51238 Denny's Christchurch Central , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′25″S 172°38′21″E / 43.54034°S 172.63921°E / -43.54034; 172.63921 Baskin-Robbins Camberwell , Melbourne , Australia 37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E / 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742
Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[67] 90°00′S 45°00′E / 90.000°S 45.000°E / -90.000; 45.000 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina ) (southernmost Point) UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos , Argentina [68] 47°09′S 70°40′W / 47.150°S 70.667°W / -47.150; -70.667 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina ) Skyscraper (>100 m) Majestic Centre , Wellington , New Zealand 41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E / 41.288501°S 174.774296°E / -41.288501; 174.774296 (Majestic Centre ) Opera house Oamaru Opera House , Oamaru , New Zealand 45°05′55″S 170°58′13″E / 45.0986°S 170.9703°E / -45.0986; 170.9703 (Oamaru Opera House ) High-rise building Cue Building,[69] Invercargill , New Zealand 46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E / 46.4110°S 168.3493°E / -46.4110; 168.3493 (Cue Building ) Mine Invierno mine , Riesco Island , Chile[70] 52°52′12″S 71°37′31″W / 52.87000°S 71.62528°W / -52.87000; -71.62528 (Mina Invierno ) Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia , Argentina [71] 54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W / 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle ) Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island , Chile [72] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W / 55.96500°S 67.22000°W / -55.96500; -67.22000 Bell tower Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church , Milton , New Zealand 46°07′22″S 169°57′25″E / 46.12278°S 169.95694°E / -46.12278; 169.95694 (Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church ) Place of birth of a human Esperanza Base , Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [73] 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica ) Cemetery Buromskiy Island , Antarctica [74] 66°32′S 93°00′E / 66.533°S 93.000°E / -66.533; 93.000 (Buromskiy Island Cemetery )
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link ) ^ "Antarctica: Marine Mammals" . www.marinebio.net . Archived from the original on 2020-03-23. Retrieved 2020-03-23 . ^ Routti, Heli; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Herzke, Dorte; Eisert, Regina; Oftedal, Olav (February 1, 2015). "Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)". Environmental Pollution . 197 : 62–67. doi :10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026 . PMID 25497307 . ^ Birney, Elmer C.; Monjeau, J. Adrian; Phillips, Carleton J. Sikes, Robert S.; Kim, Iksoo. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: new information on a poorly known Argentine marsupial. Mastozoología Neotropical 3:171-181. ^ Jaksic, Fabian M. (2022). "Historical account and current ecological knowledge of the southernmost lizard in the world, Liolaemus magellanicus (Squamata: Liolaemidae)" . Revista Chilena de Historia Natural . 95 (7). doi :10.1186/s40693-022-00112-y . S2CID 252717680 . ^ "Stress tolerance in a polyextremophile: The southernmost insect | Request PDF" . ^ Usher, Michael B.; Edwards, Marion (September 1, 1984). "A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva" . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . 23 (1): 19–31. doi :10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00803.x . Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2020 – via academic.oup.com. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2020-03-23 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link ) ^ "UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole" . Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2006-10-07 . ^ Smith, Roff. "Frozen Under" . National Geographic . Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2012-06-23 . ^ Welch, Craig (July 2020). "The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it" . National Geographic . Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020 . ^ Soto, Daniel P.; Le Quesne, Carlos; Lara, Antonio; Gardner, Martin F. (2007). "Precarious conservation status of Pilgerodendron uviferum forests in their northern distribution in the Chilean Coastal Range" (PDF) . Bosque . 28 (3): 263–270. doi :10.4067/S0717-92002007000300012 . ^ Allnutt, T.R.; Newton, A.C.; Premoli, A.; Lara, A. (2003). "Genetic variation in the threatened South American conifer Pilgerodendron uviferum (Cupressaceae), detected using RAPD markers" . 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Colección Libros INIA no. 40. Chillán (Chile): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, p. 188-214. ISBN 978-956-7016-51-8 ^ "Presente y perspectivas futuras del cultivo del arroz en Chile" . Mundo Agro (in Spanish). 2020-11-30. ^ "Keokén, el viñedo más austral de Chile" . Wine Independent Press (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-02-13. Retrieved 2021-02-06 . ^ "John McGlashan College" . Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-07-10 . ^ "Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego »" . UNTDF. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2012-10-31 . ^ ": : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :" . Archived from the original on 2016-11-14. Retrieved 2021-10-17 . ^ "WWW. Municipalidad Cabo de Hornos. CL" . Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-05-14 . ^ "Escuela Nº38 Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín" . www.marambio.aq . Archived from the original on 2013-11-04. 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