Gallia Lugdunensis

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Province of Gallia Lugdunensis
Provincia Gallia Lvgdvnensis
Province of the Roman Empire
27–25 BC / 16–13 BC–486

Province of Gallia Lugdunensis highlighted.
CapitalLugdunum
Historical eraAntiquity
• Established after the Gallic wars
27–25 BC / 16–13 BC
260–274
486
 Succeeded by
Frankish Empire
Today part ofFrance

Gallia Lugdunensis (French: Gaule Lyonnaise) was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul formerly known as Celtica. It is named after its capital Lugdunum (today's Lyon), possibly Roman Europe's major city west of Italy, and a major imperial mint. Outside Lugdunum was the Sanctuary of the Three Gauls, where representatives met to celebrate the cult of Rome and Augustus.

History

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In De Bello Gallico describing his conquest of Gaul (58–50 BC), Julius Caesar distinguished between provincia nostra in the south of Gaul, which already was a Roman province in his time, and the three other parts of Gaul: the territories of the Aquitani, of the Belgae, and of the Galli also known as the Celtae. The territory of the Galli extended from the rivers Seine and Marne in the north-east, which formed the boundary with Gallia Belgica, to the river Garonne in the south-west, which formed the border with Gallia Aquitania. Under Augustus, Gallia Lugdunensis was created by reducing in size the territory of the Galli: the portion between the river Loire and the Garonne was given to Gallia Aquitania, and central-eastern portions were given to the new province of Germania Superior. The map shows the extent after these reductions. The date of the creation of Gallia Lugdunensis is under discussion, whether between 27 and 25 BC or between 16 and 13 BC, during Augustus' visits to Gaul.

It was an imperial province, deemed important enough to be governed by an imperial legate. Under the Tetrarchy (AD 296), it was first divided into two, Lugdunensis Prima, with its capital at Lyon, and Lugdunensis Secunda, with its capital at Rouen. This division is recorded in the Verona List.[1] Both new provinces belonged to the diocese of Galliae, alongside the Helvetic, Belgian and German provinces.

Constantine I (r. 306–337 AD) divided the provinces again. Lugdunensis Senonia, with its capital at Sens, was split off from Prima, while Lugdunensis Tertia, with its capital at Tours, was separated from Secunda. According to the Notitia Dignitatum, Prima was governed by a consularis, while the other three were governed by a praeses. All the provinces were gradually overrun by invading Franks and Burgundians during the 5th century. What was left of the provinces effectively ceased to exist in AD 486/7 when the Roman general Syagrius, who controlled Secunda and Senonia, was defeated by the Franks.[1]

Cities

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The cities and castra of the four provinces are listed in the late 4th-century Notitia Galliarum by their ethnic titles. The castrum of Mâcon is a later addition to the Notitia. They are listed here with their conventional short names (where different from the ethnic name) and their modern names:[2]

Governors

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The Roman empire in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117–138 AD), showing, in central Gaul, the imperial province of Gallia Lugdunensis (north/central France). Note that the coast lines shown on the map are those of today, known to be different from those in Roman times in parts of Gallia Lugdunensis.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Rogers, Adam (2018). "Lugdunensis Prima, Secunda, Senonia, and Tertia". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 925. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8.
  2. ^ Jill D. Harries (1978), "Church and State in the Notitia Galliarum", The Journal of Roman Studies, 68: 26–43, doi:10.2307/299625, JSTOR 299625, at 39.
  3. ^ Tacitus, Annales, III.41.1
  4. ^ Tacitus, Histories, III.38
  5. ^ Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 320-324
  6. ^ Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", pp. 304-306
  7. ^ Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", pp. 306-313
  8. ^ a b Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron 13 (1983), p. 198
  9. ^ a b Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (Bonn: Habelt Verlag, 1977), p. 255
  10. ^ a b c Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p. 256
  11. ^ Edward Dabrowa, Legio X Fretensis: A Prosopographical Study of its Officers (I-III c. A.D.) (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993), p. 45
  12. ^ Hekster, Olivier (2002). Commodus: An Emperor at the Crossroads. p. 65.
  13. ^ Fishwick, Duncan (2005). The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire. E.J. Brill. p. 347. ISBN 978-90-04-07179-7.
  14. ^ a b c Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), p. 288
  15. ^ Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, pp. 288f
  16. ^ Peter Herrmann, and Ûzmir Hasan Malay, "Statue Bases of the Mid Third Century A.D. from Smyrna", Epigraphica Anatolica, 36 (2003), pp. 4-6
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45°45′35″N 4°49′10″E / 45.7597°N 4.8194°E / 45.7597; 4.8194

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