Magnesium aspartate

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Magnesium aspartate
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comConsumer Drug Information
ATC code
Identifiers
  • magnesium (2S)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.038.806 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H12MgN2O8
Molar mass288.495 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)C(=O)O.C([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)C(=O)O.[Mg+2]
  • InChI=InChI=1S/2C4H7NO4.Mg/c2*5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7;/h2*2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-;/m00./s1
  • Key:RXMQCXCANMAVIO-CEOVSRFSSA-L
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Magnesium aspartate is a magnesium salt of aspartic acid.[1] It is used as a mineral supplement, and as an ingredient in manufacturing of cosmetics and household products.[1]

As magnesium is an essential micronutrient,[2] the use of magnesium aspartate as a supplement is intended to increase magnesium levels in the body.[3][4]

Bioavailability

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Absorption of magnesium from different preparations of magnesium supplements varies, with some studies indicating that magnesium in the aspartate (and several other) forms has more complete absorption than magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate forms.[3]

In its evaluation in 2005, a scientific panel of the European Food Safety Authority concluded that the bioavailability of magnesium L-aspartate was similar to that from other organic magnesium salts and the more soluble inorganic magnesium salts.[5] Overall, it was concluded that organic salts of magnesium have the greatest water solubility and demonstrate a greater oral absorption and bioavailability compared to less soluble magnesium preparations such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium sulfate.[6]

Chemical structure and properties

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Magnesium aspartate is a compound formed by the combination of the divalent magnesium cation (Mg2+) and the dicarboxylic amino acid aspartate (C4H6NO4-).[1] The chemical formula for this compound is Mg(C4H6NO4)2.[7]

The structure of magnesium aspartate consists of a central magnesium ion that is chelated, or bound, by two aspartate anions. The aspartate moiety contains a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), and a second carboxyl group, forming a dicarboxylic amino acid structure.[1][7]

This chelated structure is responsible for the enhanced water solubility of magnesium aspartate compared to other magnesium salts, such as magnesium oxide or magnesium citrate.[7]

Supplemental use

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Magnesium deficiency is unlikely to occur from low dietary intake because magnesium is abundant in the food supply and the kidneys restrict its excretion via the urine.[2] Long-term deficiency of magnesium may result from chronic alcoholism or some prescription drugs.[2] Signs of deficiency that may require magnesium supplementation include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weakness.[2]

Dosage

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Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for supplemental magnesium[2]
Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation
Birth to 6 months 30 mg* 30 mg*
7–12 months 75 mg* 75 mg*
1–3 years 80 mg 80 mg
4–8 years 130 mg 130 mg
9–13 years 240 mg 240 mg
14–18 years 410 mg 360 mg 400 mg 360 mg
19–30 years 400 mg 310 mg 350 mg 310 mg
31–50 years 420 mg 320 mg 360 mg 320 mg
51+ years 420 mg 320 mg
  • Adequate Intake (AI)

Magnesium supplements and other magnesium containing products, such as antacids, can bind with prescription medicines, reducing their effectiveness.[2]

Safety

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Adverse effects from magnesium occurring naturally in food have not been described.[3] However, excessive magnesium supplementation causes diarrhea — a side effect used by prescription as a laxative.[2][3] Individuals with kidney disease have higher risk for adverse effects with magnesium supplementation.[2][3] Excessive magnesium supplementation may cause a fall in blood pressure.[2][3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Magnesium L-aspartate". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 15 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Magnesium: Fact sheet for health professionals". Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 2 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Magnesium". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  4. ^ "Magnesium aspartate". Drugs.com. 18 December 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  5. ^ "Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Foods on a request from the Commission related to Magnesium Aspartate as a mineral substance used as a source of magnesium in dietary foods for special medical purposes". The EFSA Journal. 167: 1–6. 2005.
  6. ^ "Magnesium aspartate, potassium aspartate, magnesium potassium aspartate, calcium aspartate, zinc aspartate, and copper aspartate as sources for magnesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, and copper added for nutritional purposes to food supplements" (PDF). The EFSA Journal. 883: 1–23. 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2015 – via efsa.europa.eu.
  7. ^ a b c Ranade VV, Somberg JC (September 2001). "Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of magnesium after administration of magnesium salts to humans". American Journal of Therapeutics. 8 (5): 345–357. doi:10.1097/00045391-200109000-00008. PMID 11550076.
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