List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.321
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This is a list of instruments sorted according to the Hornbostel-Sachs number system, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.321 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked bowl lutes.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.321: Instrument whose body is shaped like a bowl (necked bowl lutes)
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
[edit]| Instrument | Tradition | Hornbostel–Sachs classification | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| angélique | French classical music | 321.321 | Pear-shaped, plucked, with 15-17 strings |
| archlute Italian arciliuto, Erzlaute, Архилютня | Western classical music | 321.321 | Plucked |
| baglamas | Greece | 321.321 | Pear-shaped, long-necked |
| bağlama | Middle East and Central Asia | 321.321 | |
| balalaika[1] | Russia | 321.321 | Triangle-shaped lute-type instrument |
| bandora | 321.321 | ||
| bandura[2] | Ukraine | 321.321 | Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood |
| banduria[3] | Philippines | 321.321 | Pear-shaped mandolin-like instrument, part of the rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, laúds, guitars, and basses. |
| banhu | China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| banzouki | 321.321 | ||
| barbat | Persian | 321.321 | |
| biwa | Japan | 321.321 | Short-necked, fretted |
| bouzouki[4] | Greece, Modern | 321.321 | String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum |
| buzuq | Middle Eastern | 321.321 | Long-necked, fretted |
| charango [5] charanga | Bolivia | 321.321-6 | Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell |
| charango [6] charanga, chillador | Peru | 321.321-6 | Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back |
| chillador | 321.321 | Small fretted instrument | |
| chitarra Italiana | Renaissance Italy | 321.322 | Plucked |
| çifteli çiftelia, qifteli or qyfteli | Albania | 321.321-5 | Fretted pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking. |
| cimboa | Cape Verde | 321.322 | Bowed |
| cittern | 321.322 | ||
| dambura | Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan | 321.321 | Wooden plucked instrument |
| Đàn gáo | Vietnam | 321.321 | Bowed two-stringed instrument |
| Đàn tỳ bà | Vietnam | 321.321 | Plucked four-stringed instrument |
| dangubica | Croatia | 321.321 | |
| dilruba | India | 321.321 | |
| dombra[7][8] | Central Asia | 321.321-6 | Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum |
| domra | Russia | 321.321 | |
| dotara | Bangladesh | 321.321 | |
| dramyin[9] dranyen, dramnyen | Bhutan | 321.321 | Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole |
| dutar | Central Asia | 321.321 | Long-necked, two-stringed instrument |
| erhu | China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| erxian | China, especially Cantonese | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| esraj | India | 321.321 | |
| gadulka | Bulgaria | 321.321 | |
| gambus | Arab | 321.321 | |
| gittern guitarra, guiterne or guiterre, Italy, quintern | Europe | 321.321 | stringed instrument, typical four courses/8 strings, more courses possible, also possible to string with 4-6 single strings |
| gusle[10][11] gusla | Southeastern Europe | 321.321-71 | Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg |
| huluhu | China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument |
| igil | Tuva | 321.321 | |
| jing erhu | China | 321.321 | |
| kamancheh | Persian | 321.321 | |
| kobyz | Kazakhstan | 321.321 | |
| komuz[12][13] | Kyrgyzstan | 321.321 | Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings |
| laouto | Greece | 321.321 | |
| laúd | Spain | 321.321 | |
| lavta | Armenia, Greece, Turkey | 321.321 | |
| liuqin | China | 321.321 | Four-stringed |
| mandola | 321.321 | ||
| mandolin[14][15] | Italy. Spread to Europe and worldwide. | 321.321 | Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, typically 4 courses/8 strings. The types belonging to this category have a flat or canted soundboard and round bowl-back
|
| mandolin, octave | 321.321 | ||
| mando-bass | 321.321 | Bass mandolin | |
| mandocello | 321.321 | ||
| mandolute | 321.321 | ||
| mandore mandora (not the bass range instrument), mandola (not the same as the modern mandola), vandola, mandörgen, quinterne | Europe | 321.321 | stringed instrument, strung either 4-6 single strings or 4-6 courses of 2 strings |
| mandriola | 321.321 | ||
| orpharion | 321.321 | ||
| oud [16] | Arab | 321.321-6 | Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick |
| pandur | Chechnya | 321.321 | |
| pandura | 321.321 | ||
| panduri | Georgia | 321.321 | |
| pipa[17] | China | 321.321-5 | Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking |
| rubab[1][18] rabab | Afghanistan | 321.321-6 | Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings |
| sallaneh | 321.321 | ||
| Saraswati veena | India | 321.321 | |
| Šargija | Southeastern Europe | 321.321 | |
| saz[19][20] bağlama, kopuz | Turkey | 321.321-6 | Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings |
| setar | Iran | 321.321 | Pear-shaped lute with a long neck, three or four strings, plucked with the index finger of the right hand |
| sitar | India | 321.321 | |
| surbahar | India | 321.321 | |
| tamburica[21][22] tamburitza | Croatia | 321.321 | Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings |
| theorbo | Europe | 321.321 | Lute-like stringed instrument with an extended neck and two pegboxes. |
| tricordia | 321.321 |
|
References
[edit]- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Jarosewich, Irene. "Roman Hrynkiv hopes to give the bandura international stature". Ukraine Weekly. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
The bandura will always be known as Ukraine's national instrument.
- ^ Aning, Jerome (November 23, 2007). "Rondalla maestro makes strong pitch for banduria". Inquirer Entertainment. Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Grahn, Göran (April 1999). "Review of Musikkens Tjenere - Instrument - Forsker - Musiker by Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp". The Galpin Society Journal. 52: 367–368. doi:10.2307/842547. JSTOR 842547.
- ^ Baumann, Max Peter (1997). "Review of Bolivie: Charangos et guitarrillas du Norte Potosi by Florindo Alvis and Jean-Marc Grassler". Yearbook for Traditional Music. 29 (1997): 200–201. doi:10.2307/768327. JSTOR 768327.
- ^ Bennett, Caroline. "Music in Peru". Viva Travel Guides. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Levin, Theodore C. "Kazakhstan". National Geographic World Music. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Mirseitova, Sapargul (2005). "Kazakhstan and Its People" (PDF). WLT Kids. World Literature Today. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham (2000). World Music. James McConnachie. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- ^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (PDF). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Cobza". Eliznik. 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Golos, George S. (January 1961). "Kirghiz Instruments and Instrumental Music". Ethnomusicology. 5 (1). Ethnomusicology, Vol. 5, No. 1: 42–48. doi:10.2307/924307. JSTOR 924307.
- ^ Roger Vetter. "Mandolin - Neapolitan". Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
- ^ Jahnel, Franz; Nicholas Clarke (2000). Manual of Guitar Technology: Chords Especially for Lefties. Bold Strummer. ISBN 0-933224-99-0.
- ^ Project Results (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)[permanent dead link] - ^ Millward, James. "From Camelback to Carnegie Hall: the Global Journey and Modern Makeover of the Pipa". AAS Annual Meeting. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham; James McConnachie; Orla Duane (eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- ^ "Saz". Glossary. National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
Considered the national instrument of Turkey.
- ^ Koprulu, Mehmed Fuad; Devin DeWeese (2006). Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser; Robert Dankoff. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36686-0.
- ^ "Croatia". National Geographic World Music. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Erdely, Stephen (1979). "Ethnic Music in the United States: An Overview". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. 11. Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11: 114–137. doi:10.2307/767568. JSTOR 767568.
The tamburitza... is the national instrument of the Croatians.