Tympanuchus

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This article is about the bird. For the 1943 film, see Prairie Chickens.

Tympanuchus
Male lesser prairie chicken (T. pallidicinctus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Tribe: Tetraonini
Genus: Tympanuchus
Gloger, 1841
Type species
Tetrao cupido
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

Tympanuchus cupido
Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
Tympanuchus phasianellus

Synonyms

Pedioecetes

Tympanuchus is a small genus of birds in the grouse family. They are commonly referred to as prairie-chickens.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus Tympanuchus was introduced in 1841 by the German zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger for the greater prairie chicken.[1][2] The name combines the Ancient Greek tumpanon meaning "kettle-drum" with ēkheō meaning "to sound".[3]

The genus contains three species:[4]

Genus Tympanuchus – Gloger, 1841 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Sharp-tailed grouse

Tympanuchus phasianellus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • Tympanuchus phasianellus phasianellus
  • Tympanuchus phasianellus kennicotti
  • Tympanuchus phasianellus caurus
  • Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)
  • Tympanuchus phasianellus campestris
  • Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi
  • †Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi
north to Alaska, south to California and New Mexico, and east to Quebec, Canada
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Greater prairie-chicken

Tympanuchus cupido
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Three subspecies
 Central U.S., formerly to the Atlantic coast
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 NT 


Lesser prairie-chicken

Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
(Ridgway, 1873) 		western Oklahoma, the Texas Panhandle including the Llano Estacado, eastern New Mexico, and southeastern Colorado.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 VU 




All three are among the smaller grouse, from 40 to 43 cm (16 to 17 in) in length. They are found in North America in different types of prairie. In courtship display on leks, males make hooting sounds and dance with the head extended straight forward, the tail up, and colorful neck sacks inflated (shown in the photograph at upper right). Tympanuchus comes from Ancient Greek roots and means "holding a drum"; it refers to the membranous neck sacks and the drum-like call of the greater prairie chicken.

The two prairie chickens are particularly closely related and look extremely similar. But their taxonomy and the evolutionary relationships of the Tympanuchus is yet to be discovered. There is still unknown information about these genera. But one thing we do know is that Tympanuchus are polyphyletic. They have a strong sexual selection (Galla, 2013).

They are commonly seen in the North American Prairies (Galla, 2013).

The extinct heath hen of the American East Coast, usually considered a subspecies of the greater prairie chicken, has been considered a separate species.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gloger, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert (1841). Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte (in German). Vol. 1. Breslau: A. Schulz. p. 396.
  2. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 41.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 11 October 2021.


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