Spikefish
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| Spikefishes Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
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| Parahollardia lineata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Suborder: | Triacanthoidei |
| Family: | Triacanthodidae T. N. Gill, 1862 |
| Subfamilies and genera [1] | |
| see text | |
The spikefishes (family Triacanthodidae) are ray-finned fishes related to the pufferfishes and triggerfishes. They live in deep waters; more than 50 m (160 ft), but above the continental shelves. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the west-central Pacific.[2]
The spikefishes are quite variable in form, with some species having tubular snouts (greatly elongated in Halimochirurgus and Macrorhamphosodes), and others have spoon-like teeth for scraping the scales off other fishes. Depending on the exact species involved, they reach a maximum length of about 5–22 centimetres (2.0–8.7 in).
While spikefish are shaped in a wide variety of different colors, sizes, and shapes, they can characterized by their similarities of having a dense body with relatively thick skin, a large amount of tiny yet spiky scales, two dorsal fins of which the first contains six spines and twelve to eighteen soft spines along the second, a rounded caudal fin, small and terminal mouth with at least 10 average sized conical teeth.
Taxonomy
[edit]The spikefish family, Triacanthodidae, was first proposed in 1862 by the American biologist Theodore Gill[3] and, in 1968, James C. Tyler classified it within the suborder Triacanthoidei alongside the Triacanthidae, as well as proposing the subfamily Hollardinae.[4] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this as suborder of the order Tetraodontiformes.[5]
Subfamiles and genera
[edit]The spikefish family, Triacanthodidae, is divided into two subfamilies and eleven genera as follows:[6]
- Subfamily Hollardiinae Tyler, 1968
- Genus Hollardia Poey, 1861
- Genus Parahollardia Fraser-Brunner, 1941
- Genus †Prohollardia Tyler, 1993 (fossil; Oligocene)[7]
- Subfamily Triacanthodinae Gill, 1862
- Genus Atrophacanthus Fraser-Brunner, 1950
- Genus Bathyphylax Myers 1934
- Genus †Carpathospinosus Tyler, 1993 (fossil; Oligocene)[7]
- Genus Halimochirurgus Alcock, 1899
- Genus Johnsonina Myers, 1934
- Genus Macrorhamphosodes Fowler, 1934
- Genus Mephisto Tyler, 1966
- Genus Paratriacanthodes Fowler, 1934
- Genus Triacanthodes Bleeker, 1857
- Genus Tydemania Weber, 1913
References
[edit]- ^ Matsuura, K. (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. Bibcode:2015IchtR..62...72M. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
- ^ Matsuura, K.; Tyler, J.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 227–228. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthodidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ a b Tyler, James C.; Jerzmanska, Anna; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Swidnicki, Jacek (1993). "Two New Genera and Species of Oligocene Spikefishes (Tetraodontiformes: Triacanthodidae), the First Fossils of the Hollardiinae and Triacanthodinae". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. ISSN 0081-0266.
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