United States Geological Survey National Volcanic Threat Assessment

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The United States Geological Survey National Volcanic Threat Assessment is a report containing a ranked list of active volcanoes in the United States posing hazardous risks to the American population.[1] The report was published by the United States Geological Survey in 2005[2] and revised in 2018.[3]

2018 list

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The 2018 ranked list of hazardous volcanoes in the United States below is based on a 24-factor scoring matrix used to calculate overall threat scores and aviation threat scores.[1]

Rank Volcano State Overall threat score Aviation threat score Coordinates
1 Kīlauea  Hawaii 263 48 19°25′30″N 155°17′31″W / 19.425°N 155.292°W / 19.425; -155.292
2 Mount St. Helens  Washington 235 59 46°12′N 122°11′W / 46.2°N 122.18°W / 46.2; -122.18
3 Mount Rainier  Washington 203 37 46°52′12″N 121°45′29″W / 46.87°N 121.758°W / 46.87; -121.758
4 Redoubt Volcano  Alaska 201 48 60°29′06″N 152°44′31″W / 60.485°N 152.742°W / 60.485; -152.742
5 Mount Shasta  California 178 39 41°25′N 122°12′W / 41.42°N 122.2°W / 41.42; -122.2
6 Mount Hood  Oregon 178 30 45°22′26″N 121°41′38″W / 45.374°N 121.694°W / 45.374; -121.694
7 Three Sisters  Oregon 165 30 44°07′59″N 121°46′01″W / 44.133°N 121.767°W / 44.133; -121.767
8 Akutan Island  Alaska 161 47 54°08′02″N 165°59′10″W / 54.134°N 165.986°W / 54.134; -165.986
9 Makushin Volcano  Alaska 161 47 53°53′28″N 166°55′23″W / 53.891°N 166.923°W / 53.891; -166.923
10 Mount Spurr  Alaska 160 48 61°17′56″N 152°15′04″W / 61.299°N 152.251°W / 61.299; -152.251
11 Lassen volcanic center  California 153 32 40°29′31″N 121°30′29″W / 40.492°N 121.508°W / 40.492; -121.508
12 Augustine Volcano  Alaska 151 48 59°21′47″N 153°25′48″W / 59.363°N 153.43°W / 59.363; -153.43
13 Newberry Volcano  Oregon 146 30 43°43′19″N 121°13′44″W / 43.722°N 121.229°W / 43.722; -121.229
14 Mount Baker  Washington 139 15 48°46′37″N 121°48′47″W / 48.777°N 121.813°W / 48.777; -121.813
15 Glacier Peak  Washington 135 37 48°06′43″N 121°06′47″W / 48.112°N 121.113°W / 48.112; -121.113
16 Mauna Loa  Hawaii 131 4 19°28′30″N 155°36′29″W / 19.475°N 155.608°W / 19.475; -155.608
17 Crater Lake  Oregon 129 37 42°56′N 122°07′W / 42.93°N 122.12°W / 42.93; -122.12
18 Long Valley Caldera  California 129 29 37°42′N 118°52′W / 37.7°N 118.87°W / 37.7; -118.87
19 Mount Okmok  Alaska 117 47 53°26′N 168°08′W / 53.43°N 168.13°W / 53.43; -168.13
20 Iliamna Volcano  Alaska 115 34 60°01′55″N 153°05′24″W / 60.032°N 153.09°W / 60.032; -153.09
21 Yellowstone caldera  Wyoming 115 27 44°26′N 110°40′W / 44.43°N 110.67°W / 44.43; -110.67
22 Aniakchak Crater  Alaska 112 41 56°53′N 158°10′W / 56.88°N 158.17°W / 56.88; -158.17
23 Hualālai  Hawaii 109 27 19°41′31″N 155°52′12″W / 19.692°N 155.87°W / 19.692; -155.87
24 Mono-Inyo Craters  California 106 29 37°53′N 119°00′W / 37.88°N 119°W / 37.88; -119
25 Mount Martin  Alaska 106 23 58°10′19″N 155°21′40″W / 58.172°N 155.361°W / 58.172; -155.361
26 Mount Mageik  Alaska 106 23 58°11′42″N 155°15′11″W / 58.195°N 155.253°W / 58.195; -155.253
27 Trident Volcano  Alaska 106 29 58°14′10″N 155°06′00″W / 58.236°N 155.1°W / 58.236; -155.1
28 Mount Katmai  Alaska 106 35 58°16′48″N 154°57′47″W / 58.28°N 154.963°W / 58.28; -154.963
29 Mount Veniaminof  Alaska 102 47 56°10′N 159°23′W / 56.17°N 159.38°W / 56.17; -159.38
30 Atka volcanic complex  Alaska 102 35 52°22′52″N 174°09′14″W / 52.381°N 174.154°W / 52.381; -174.154
31 Korovin Volcano  Alaska 102 35 52°22′52″N 174°09′58″W / 52.381°N 174.166°W / 52.381; -174.166
32 Shishaldin Volcano  Alaska 93 41 54°45′22″N 163°58′12″W / 54.756°N 163.97°W / 54.756; -163.97
33 Clear Lake volcanic field  California 92 15 38°58′N 122°46′W / 38.97°N 122.77°W / 38.97; -122.77
34 Mount Adams  Washington 92 15 46°12′22″N 121°29′24″W / 46.206°N 121.49°W / 46.206; -121.49
35 Hayes Volcano  Alaska 90 34 61°38′24″N 152°24′40″W / 61.64°N 152.411°W / 61.64; -152.411
36 Westdahl Peak  Alaska 89 47 54°31′05″N 164°39′00″W / 54.518°N 164.65°W / 54.518; -164.65
37 Novarupta  Alaska 88 35 58°16′12″N 155°09′25″W / 58.27°N 155.157°W / 58.27; -155.157
38 Mount Churchill  Alaska 82 29 61°23′N 141°45′W / 61.38°N 141.75°W / 61.38; -141.75
39 Kanaga Volcano  Alaska 81 41 51°55′23″N 177°10′05″W / 51.923°N 177.168°W / 51.923; -177.168
40 Ugashik-Peulik volcanic complex  Alaska 81 41 57°45′04″N 156°22′05″W / 57.751°N 156.368°W / 57.751; -156.368
41 Pavlof Volcano  Alaska 81 35 55°25′12″N 161°53′13″W / 55.42°N 161.887°W / 55.42; -161.887
42 Mount Griggs  Alaska 79 23 58°21′14″N 155°05′31″W / 58.354°N 155.092°W / 58.354; -155.092
43 Kaguyak Crater  Alaska 79 29 58°36′29″N 154°01′41″W / 58.608°N 154.028°W / 58.608; -154.028
44 Pagan Island  Northern Mariana Islands 79 28 18°08′N 145°48′E / 18.13°N 145.8°E / 18.13; 145.8
45 Medicine Lake  California 78 19 41°35′N 121°34′W / 41.58°N 121.57°W / 41.58; -121.57
46 Great Sitkin Volcano  Alaska 76 41 52°04′34″N 176°07′48″W / 52.076°N 176.13°W / 52.076; -176.13
47 Kasatochi Island  Alaska 75 35 52°10′37″N 175°30′29″W / 52.177°N 175.508°W / 52.177; -175.508
48 Mount Cleveland  Alaska 75 35 52°49′30″N 169°56′38″W / 52.825°N 169.944°W / 52.825; -169.944
49 Mount Moffett  Alaska 73 17 51°56′38″N 176°44′49″W / 51.944°N 176.747°W / 51.944; -176.747
50 Seguam Island  Alaska 73 47 52°18′54″N 172°30′36″W / 52.315°N 172.51°W / 52.315; -172.51
51 Fisher Caldera  Alaska 71 35 54°39′N 164°26′W / 54.65°N 164.43°W / 54.65; -164.43
52 Snowy Mountain  Alaska 71 12 58°20′10″N 154°40′55″W / 58.336°N 154.682°W / 58.336; -154.682
53 Fourpeaked Mountain  Alaska 71 12 58°46′12″N 153°40′19″W / 58.77°N 153.672°W / 58.77; -153.672
54 Mount Douglas  Alaska 71 12 58°51′18″N 153°32′31″W / 58.855°N 153.542°W / 58.855; -153.542
55 Semisopochnoi Island  Alaska 70 41 51°56′N 179°35′E / 51.93°N 179.58°E / 51.93; 179.58
56 Salton Buttes  California 68 14 33°12′N 115°37′W / 33.2°N 115.62°W / 33.2; -115.62
57 Agrigan Island  Northern Mariana Islands 67 24 18°46′N 145°40′E / 18.77°N 145.67°E / 18.77; 145.67
58 Mount Edgecumbe  Alaska 65 23 57°03′N 135°45′W / 57.05°N 135.75°W / 57.05; -135.75
59 Mount Vsevidof  Alaska 65 29 53°07′48″N 168°41′35″W / 53.13°N 168.693°W / 53.13; -168.693
60 Mount Gareloi  Alaska 64 35 51°47′24″N 178°47′38″W / 51.79°N 178.794°W / 51.79; -178.794
61 Tanaga Volcano  Alaska 64 29 51°53′06″N 178°08′46″W / 51.885°N 178.146°W / 51.885; -178.146
62 Alamagan Island  Northern Mariana Islands 64 24 17°36′N 145°50′E / 17.6°N 145.83°E / 17.6; 145.83
63 Anatahan Island  Northern Mariana Islands 64 18 16°21′N 145°40′E / 16.35°N 145.67°E / 16.35; 145.67
64 Mount Dutton  Alaska 63 12 55°10′05″N 162°16′19″W / 55.168°N 162.272°W / 55.168; -162.272
65 Roundtop Mountain  Alaska 62 12 54°48′00″N 163°35′20″W / 54.8°N 163.589°W / 54.8; -163.589
66 Kukak Volcano  Alaska 62 12 58°27′11″N 154°21′18″W / 58.453°N 154.355°W / 58.453; -154.355
67 Mount Recheschnoi  Alaska 61 23 53°09′25″N 168°32′20″W / 53.157°N 168.539°W / 53.157; -168.539
68 Valles Caldera  New Mexico 60 20 35°52′N 106°34′W / 35.87°N 106.57°W / 35.87; -106.57
69 Mono Lake volcanic field  California 57 22 38°00′N 119°02′W / 38°N 119.03°W / 38; -119.03
70 Kiska Volcano  Alaska 55 34 52°06′11″N 177°36′07″E / 52.103°N 177.602°E / 52.103; 177.602
71 Mount Chiginagak  Alaska 55 23 57°08′06″N 156°59′24″W / 57.135°N 156.99°W / 57.135; -156.99
72 Coso volcanic field  California 55 15 36°02′N 117°49′W / 36.03°N 117.82°W / 36.03; -117.82
73 Emmons Lake  Alaska 54 23 55°20′28″N 162°04′44″W / 55.341°N 162.079°W / 55.341; -162.079
74 Pavlof Sister  Alaska 54 23 55°27′11″N 161°50′35″W / 55.453°N 161.843°W / 55.453; -161.843
75 Little Sitkin Island  Alaska 53 24 51°57′00″N 178°32′35″E / 51.95°N 178.543°E / 51.95; 178.543
76 Bogoslof Island  Alaska 52 35 53°56′N 168°02′W / 53.93°N 168.03°W / 53.93; -168.03
77 Mount Dana  Alaska 52 29 55°38′28″N 161°12′50″W / 55.641°N 161.214°W / 55.641; -161.214
78 Soda Lakes  Nevada 51 13 39°32′N 118°52′W / 39.53°N 118.87°W / 39.53; -118.87
79 Mount Adagdak  Alaska 51 6 51°59′17″N 176°35′31″W / 51.988°N 176.592°W / 51.988; -176.592
80 San Francisco Volcanic Field  Arizona 51 20 35°22′N 111°30′W / 35.37°N 111.5°W / 35.37; -111.5
81 Yantarni Volcano  Alaska 49 29 57°01′08″N 157°11′06″W / 57.019°N 157.185°W / 57.019; -157.185
82 Dotsero  Colorado 49 13 39°39′N 107°02′W / 39.65°N 107.03°W / 39.65; -107.03
83 Guguan Island  Northern Mariana Islands 48 24 17°19′N 145°51′E / 17.32°N 145.85°E / 17.32; 145.85
84 Takawangha volcano  Alaska 47 17 51°52′23″N 178°00′22″W / 51.873°N 178.006°W / 51.873; -178.006
85 Frosty Peak  Alaska 46 12 55°04′55″N 162°48′50″W / 55.082°N 162.814°W / 55.082; -162.814
86 Haleakalā  Hawaii 45 3 20°42′29″N 156°15′00″W / 20.708°N 156.25°W / 20.708; -156.25
87 Mount Denison  Alaska 44 12 58°25′05″N 154°26′56″W / 58.418°N 154.449°W / 58.418; -154.449
88 Mount Steller  Alaska 44 12 58°26′N 154°24′W / 58.43°N 154.4°W / 58.43; -154.4
89 Black Peak  Alaska 44 29 56°33′07″N 158°47′06″W / 56.552°N 158.785°W / 56.552; -158.785
90 Mammoth Mountain  California 42 2 37°35′N 119°03′W / 37.58°N 119.05°W / 37.58; -119.05
91 Amukta Island  Alaska 41 29 52°30′00″N 171°15′07″W / 52.5°N 171.252°W / 52.5; -171.252
92 Ukinrek maars  Alaska 41 17 57°49′55″N 156°30′36″W / 57.832°N 156.51°W / 57.832; -156.51
93 Mount Kupreanof  Alaska 40 12 56°00′40″N 159°47′49″W / 56.011°N 159.797°W / 56.011; -159.797
94 Mount Bachelor  Oregon 39 7 43°58′44″N 121°41′17″W / 43.979°N 121.688°W / 43.979; -121.688
95 Farallon de Pajaros  Northern Mariana Islands 37 20 20°32′N 144°54′E / 20.53°N 144.9°E / 20.53; 144.9
96 Sarigan Island  Northern Mariana Islands 36 18 16°42′29″N 145°46′48″E / 16.708°N 145.78°E / 16.708; 145.78
97 East Diamante  Northern Mariana Islands 36 18 15°56′N 145°40′E / 15.93°N 145.67°E / 15.93; 145.67
98 Yunaska Island  Alaska 36 29 52°38′35″N 170°37′44″W / 52.643°N 170.629°W / 52.643; -170.629
99 Ubehebe Crater  California 35 15 37°01′N 117°27′W / 37.02°N 117.45°W / 37.02; -117.45
100 Kagamil Volcano  Alaska 35 17 52°58′26″N 169°43′12″W / 52.974°N 169.72°W / 52.974; -169.72
101 Mount Wrangell  Alaska 35 3 62°00′N 144°01′W / 62°N 144.02°W / 62; -144.02
102 Black Rock Desert  Utah 34 15 38°58′N 112°30′W / 38.97°N 112.5°W / 38.97; -112.5
103 Asuncion Island  Northern Mariana Islands 32 16 19°40′N 145°24′E / 19.67°N 145.4°E / 19.67; 145.4
104 Mount Kialagvik  Alaska 32 12 57°12′11″N 156°44′42″W / 57.203°N 156.745°W / 57.203; -156.745
105 St. Michael Island  Alaska 31 12 63°27′N 162°07′W / 63.45°N 162.12°W / 63.45; -162.12
106 Mauna Kea  Hawaii 30 2 19°49′N 155°28′W / 19.82°N 155.47°W / 19.82; -155.47
107 Carlisle Island  Alaska 29 12 52°53′38″N 170°03′14″W / 52.894°N 170.054°W / 52.894; -170.054
108 Tana  Alaska 29 12 52°50′N 169°46′W / 52.83°N 169.77°W / 52.83; -169.77
109 Zealandia Bank  Northern Mariana Islands 28 16 16°53′N 145°51′E / 16.88°N 145.85°E / 16.88; 145.85
110 Segula Island  Alaska 27 10 52°00′54″N 178°08′10″E / 52.015°N 178.136°E / 52.015; 178.136
111 Koniuji Island  Alaska 26 17 52°13′N 175°08′W / 52.22°N 175.13°W / 52.22; -175.13
112 Ingakslugwat Hills  Alaska 26 10 61°26′N 164°28′W / 61.43°N 164.47°W / 61.43; -164.47
113 Herbert Island  Alaska 23 12 52°44′31″N 170°06′40″W / 52.742°N 170.111°W / 52.742; -170.111
114 Uliaga Island  Alaska 23 12 53°03′54″N 169°46′12″W / 53.065°N 169.77°W / 53.065; -169.77
115 Chagulak Island  Alaska 22 10 52°34′37″N 171°07′48″W / 52.577°N 171.13°W / 52.577; -171.13
116 Bobrof Volcano  Alaska 20 6 51°54′36″N 177°26′17″W / 51.91°N 177.438°W / 51.91; -177.438
117 Amak Island  Alaska 20 12 55°25′26″N 163°08′56″W / 55.424°N 163.149°W / 55.424; -163.149
118 Supply Reef  Northern Mariana Islands 20 12 20°08′N 145°06′E / 20.13°N 145.1°E / 20.13; 145.1
119 South Sarigan Seamount  Northern Mariana Islands 20 12 16°35′N 145°47′E / 16.58°N 145.78°E / 16.58; 145.78
120 Tutuila Island  American Samoa 19 4 14°17′42″S 170°42′00″W / 14.295°S 170.7°W / -14.295; -170.7
121 (unnamed)  Alaska 17 12 57°52′N 155°25′W / 57.87°N 155.42°W / 57.87; -155.42
122 Maug Islands  Northern Mariana Islands 16 8 20°01′N 145°13′E / 20.02°N 145.22°E / 20.02; 145.22
123 Hell's Half Acre  Idaho 14 1 43°30′N 112°27′W / 43.5°N 112.45°W / 43.5; -112.45
124 Craters of the Moon  Idaho 14 0 43°25′N 113°30′W / 43.42°N 113.5°W / 43.42; -113.5
125 Mount Jefferson  Oregon 13 0 44°41′31″N 121°48′00″W / 44.692°N 121.8°W / 44.692; -121.8
126 Taʻū Island  American Samoa 12 0 14°13′48″S 169°27′14″W / 14.23°S 169.454°W / -14.23; -169.454
127 Ofu-Olosega  American Samoa 12 0 14°10′30″S 169°37′05″W / 14.175°S 169.618°W / -14.175; -169.618
128 Wide Bay cone  Alaska 12 1 53°58′05″N 166°40′37″W / 53.968°N 166.677°W / 53.968; -166.677
129 Buldir Volcano  Alaska 12 5 52°21′00″N 175°54′40″E / 52.35°N 175.911°E / 52.35; 175.911
130 Davidof Island  Alaska 12 5 51°58′N 178°20′E / 51.97°N 178.33°E / 51.97; 178.33
131 Indian Heaven  Washington 12 0 45°56′N 121°49′W / 45.93°N 121.82°W / 45.93; -121.82
132 Belknap Crater  Oregon 12 2 44°17′06″N 121°50′28″W / 44.285°N 121.841°W / 44.285; -121.841
133 Markagunt Plateau  Utah 11 8 37°35′N 112°40′W / 37.58°N 112.67°W / 37.58; -112.67
134 West Crater  Washington 11 1 45°53′N 122°05′W / 45.88°N 122.08°W / 45.88; -122.08
135 Buzzard Creek  Alaska 10 2 64°04′N 148°25′W / 64.07°N 148.42°W / 64.07; -148.42
136 Black Butte Crater  Idaho 10 1 43°11′N 114°21′W / 43.18°N 114.35°W / 43.18; -114.35
137 Wapi Flow  Idaho 8 0 42°53′N 113°13′W / 42.88°N 113.22°W / 42.88; -113.22
138 Carrizozo Mountain  New Mexico 6 0 33°47′N 105°56′W / 33.78°N 105.93°W / 33.78; -105.93
139 Stepovak Bay group  Alaska 6 2 55°56′N 160°00′W / 55.93°N 160°W / 55.93; -160
140 Blue Lake crater  Oregon 6 1 44°25′N 121°46′W / 44.42°N 121.77°W / 44.42; -121.77
141 Zuni-Bandera volcanic field  New Mexico 5 0 34°48′N 108°00′W / 34.8°N 108°W / 34.8; -108
142 Sand Mountain volcanic field  Oregon 5 1 44°23′N 121°56′W / 44.38°N 121.93°W / 44.38; -121.93
143 Duncan Canal  Alaska 5 1 56°30′N 133°06′W / 56.5°N 133.1°W / 56.5; -133.1
144 Red Hill–Quemado volcanic field  New Mexico 5 0 34°15′N 108°50′W / 34.25°N 108.83°W / 34.25; -108.83
145 Tlevak Strait-Suemez Island  Alaska 5 0 55°15′N 133°18′W / 55.25°N 133.3°W / 55.25; -133.3
146 Behm Canal-Rudyerd Bay  Alaska 5 1 55°19′N 131°03′W / 55.32°N 131.05°W / 55.32; -131.05
147 Davis Lake  Oregon 4 0 43°34′N 121°49′W / 43.57°N 121.82°W / 43.57; -121.82
148 Jordan Craters  Oregon 4 0 43°09′N 117°28′W / 43.15°N 117.47°W / 43.15; -117.47
149 St. Paul Island  Alaska 4 0 57°11′N 170°18′W / 57.18°N 170.3°W / 57.18; -170.3
150 Cinnamon Butte  Oregon 3 0 43°14′28″N 122°06′29″W / 43.241°N 122.108°W / 43.241; -122.108
151 Devils Garden  Oregon 3 0 43°30′43″N 120°51′40″W / 43.512°N 120.861°W / 43.512; -120.861
152 Diamond Craters  Oregon 3 0 43°06′N 118°45′W / 43.1°N 118.75°W / 43.1; -118.75
153 Uinkaret volcanic field  Arizona 2 0 36°23′N 113°08′W / 36.38°N 113.13°W / 36.38; -113.13
154 Golden Trout Creek volcanic field  California 2 0 36°21′29″N 118°19′12″W / 36.358°N 118.32°W / 36.358; -118.32
155 Fukujin Seamount  Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°56′N 143°28′E / 21.93°N 143.47°E / 21.93; 143.47
156 Kasuga 2  Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°56′N 143°28′E / 21.93°N 143.47°E / 21.93; 143.47
157 Daikoku Seamount  Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°36′00″N 143°38′13″E / 21.6°N 143.637°E / 21.6; 143.637
158 Ahyi Seamount  Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°19′26″N 144°11′38″E / 21.324°N 144.194°E / 21.324; 144.194
159 Ruby Seamount  Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 20°25′N 145°02′E / 20.42°N 145.03°E / 20.42; 145.03
160 Esmeralda Bank  Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 15°37′N 145°34′E / 15.62°N 145.57°E / 15.62; 145.57
161 Imuruk Lake  Alaska 0 0 15°00′N 145°15′W / 15°N 145.25°W / 15; -145.25

Reception

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Mackenzie, Muschalik & Broesche (2021) provided comments on the 2018 report in three separately authored sections.[4] Broesche believes that Yellowstone should be ranked higher due to the size of the volcano and the popularity of Yellowstone National Park, and Muschalik considers Mount Rainier to be just as dangerous as Kilauea due to its proximity to large population centers in Washington. Mackenzie considers Yellowstone to be just as hazardous as Kilauea.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Ewert, John W.; Diefenbach, Angela K.; Ramsey, David W. (2018), "2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment", Scientific Investigations Report, US Geological Survey, doi:10.3133/sir20185140, ISSN 2328-0328
  2. ^ Ewert, John W.; Guffanti, Marianne; Murray, Thomas L. (2005), An Assessment of Volcanic Threat and Monitoring Capabilities in the United States: Framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS) (PDF), US Geological Survey, ISSN 2328-0328, retrieved July 21, 2023
  3. ^ "Which U.S. volcanoes pose a threat?". PreventionWeb. December 20, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  4. ^ Mackenzie, Kerry; Muschalik, Madeline; Broesche, Bethany (2021). "Comment on the 2018 Update to the USGS National Volcanic Threat Assessment". The University of Texas at Austin. doi:10.26153/TSW/23462. Retrieved July 21, 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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