x265

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X265
Developer(s)MulticoreWare
Initial release2013; 11 years ago (2013)
Stable release
3.5[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 16 March 2021; 3 years ago (16 March 2021)
Repository
Written inC++, x86 assembly
Standard(s)HEVC
TypeVideo codec
LicenseGPL-2.0-or-later,[2] or optionally an on-request commercial license[3]
Websitex265.org

x265 is an encoder for creating digital video streams in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) video compression format developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC).[4][5][6] It is available as a command-line app or a software library, under the terms of GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or later; however, customers may request a commercial license.[3][7]

History[edit]

x265 builds on source code from x264, an open-source video encoder for the previous MPEG video coding standard, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. The project has licensed the rights to use the x264 source code.[3] Development on x265 began in March 2013.[7] MulticoreWare made the source code for x265 publicly available on July 23, 2013.[4][5]

The x265 project was initially funded by a small group of charter licensee companies that direct the development requirements and receive commercial licenses to use x265 in their products without having to release their products under the GPL 2 license.[3] In February 2014, x265 was integrated into the popular multimedia transcoding tool FFmpeg and its fork Libav.[8]

Version 1.0 was completed in May 2014.[9] The stable version (2.0) was released on July 14, 2016.[10]

Technical details[edit]

x265 source code is written in C++ and x86 assembly.[3]

x265 supports the Main, Main 10, Main 12 and Main Still Picture profiles[11] of HEVC (including intra-only profiles), utilizing a bit depth of either 8 bits or 10 bits per sample YCbCr with 4:2:0, 4:2:2 or 4:4:4 chroma subsampling.[12] x265 supports most of the features of x264 including all rate control modes: Constant QP (CQP), Constant Rate Factor (CRF), Average Bit Rate (ABR), 2-pass or multi-pass and video buffering verifier rate control.[13] Visual quality algorithms include CU-Tree (the successor to x264's macroblock-tree), adaptive quantization, b-pyramid, weighted prediction and psycho-visual optimizations (psy-rd and psy-rdoq). A fully lossless mode is also supported. Temporal scalability is supported, allowing for a video to be encoded into a base layer HEVC bitstream that is half the frame rate of the input video frame rate, and an enhancement layer that can be decoded along with the base layer to enable playback at the full frame rate.

In April 2015, at the NAB Show in Las Vegas, MulticoreWare demonstrated high quality real-time 4K 10-bit HEVC encoding[14] at frame rates in excess of 60 FPS on a dual Intel Xeon E5 v3 server, occupying only one standard rack unit.

Quality and efficiency[edit]

Judged by the objective quality metric VQM in 2015, x265 delivered video quality on par with the reference encoder of the royalty-free VP9 format that competes with HEVC.[15] A codec comparison from 2015 found x265 to be a leading HEVC implementation measured by SSIM metric.[16] In August 2016, Netflix published a comparison of x264, VP9, and x265 using video clips from 500 movies and TV shows using 6 different quality metrics and found that both VP9 and x265 have 40%–50% better quality at 1080p than x264. Netflix stated that with the VMAF metric (which closely mirrors human visual experience according to the author) x265 performed substantially (19% to 22%) better than VP9.[17]

Usage[edit]

x265 can be invoked as a command-line app or integrated into another application through the application programming interface.[18][19]

Open-source adopters[edit]

Open source software projects which utilize x265 for HEVC encoding:

Commercial adopters[edit]

Commercial products that utilize x265 for HEVC encoding:

  • x265 HEVC Upgrade[35]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "release: Release notes for v3.5".
  2. ^ "Bitbucket". bitbucket.org.
  3. ^ a b c d e "x265 Mission Statement". Bitbucket. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  4. ^ a b Joel Hruska (2013-07-23). "H.265 benchmarked: Does the next-generation video codec live up to expectations?". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
  5. ^ a b Chris Angelini (2013-07-23). "Next-Gen Video Encoding: x265 Tackles HEVC/H.265". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
  6. ^ "HEVC / H.265 Explained". x265. Retrieved 2022-02-13.
  7. ^ a b "x265 Development Road Map". Bitbucket. 2013-07-23. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
  8. ^ Volker Zota (heise online), 14. 2. 2014: Videokodierung: HEVC/H.265-Encoder hält Einzug bei FFmpeg und LibAV
  9. ^ "multicoreware / x265 / Commits — Bitbucket". bitbucket.org.
  10. ^ "[x265] [ANN] x265 2.0 released". 13 July 2016.
  11. ^ "Command Line Options — x265 documentation". Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  12. ^ "Command Line Options — x265 documentation". Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  13. ^ "x265 Documentation — x265 documentation". Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  14. ^ "MulticoreWare demonstrates high quality 4K 10-bit real-time HEVC video encoding with x265". Design And Reuse.
  15. ^ Jan Ozer, April 2015: The Great UHD Codec Debate: Google's VP9 Vs. HEVC/H.265
  16. ^ Jan Ozer, November 9, 2015: Moscow State Releases First HEVC Comparison
  17. ^ Ozer, Jan. "Netflix Finds x265 20% More Efficient than VP9 - Streaming Media Magazine". Streaming Media Magazine. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
  18. ^ "Command Line Options — x265 documentation". Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  19. ^ "Application Programming Interface — x265 documentation". Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  20. ^ "Avidemux – News".
  21. ^ "General Documentation".
  22. ^ "HandBrake: Features".
  23. ^ "x265 GUI Encoder with Internet Friendly Media Encoder!".
  24. ^ berrinam (7 May 2023). "MeGUI". SourceForge.
  25. ^ "OpenShot".
  26. ^ "ShareX 13.1.0 - changelog". 2020-03-01.
  27. ^ "Shotcut".
  28. ^ "StaxRip".
  29. ^ "x265vfw".
  30. ^ "BBright – Ultra HD / 4K Video Products and Laser Light Sources". BBright.
  31. ^ "DaVinci Resolve 16 | Blackmagic Design". www.blackmagicdesign.com. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  32. ^ "Squeeze Desktop Pro – Sorenson Media". Sorenson Media. Archived from the original on 2015-09-17. Retrieved 2015-07-22.
  33. ^ "Video Workflow Automation Software – Vantage Workflow Features & Benefits – Telestream".
  34. ^ "TMPGEnc Video Mastering Works 6".
  35. ^ "x265 HEVC Upgrade". x265.

External links[edit]

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