Henry Chicheley

This article is about the colonial governor. For the bishop, see Henry Chichele.
Sir Henry Chicheley
Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Colony
Acting Governor, 1678 – 1680; 1680 – 1682
In office
1674 – February 5, 1683
MonarchCharles II
GovernorSir William Berkeley
Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper
Preceded bySir Herbert Jeffreys
Succeeded byFrancis Nicholson
Member of the House of Burgesses for Lancaster County, Virginia Colony
Personal details
Born1614 or 1615
Wimpole Estate Cambridgeshire, England
Died(1683-02-05)5 February 1683
Rosegill, Virginia, U.S.
Alma materB.A., University College, Oxford
Military service
Service Royalist
Years of service1642–1644
RankLieutenant Colonel
WarsEnglish Civil War

Sir Henry Chicheley (b. 1614 or 1615 – d. February 5, 1683) was a lieutenant governor of Virginia Colony who also served as Acting Governor during multiple periods in the aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion.[1] Having first visited the Virginia colony as a Royalist in exile, where he served in the House of Burgesses in violation of his probation, Lt. Gov. Chicheley wielded power during a period of sociopolitical turmoil and change, and later in his career was increasingly troubled by England's growing aggression and control over the colony.[2]

Early life and education

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Chicheley was born in either 1614 or 1615 to Dorothy, the wife of Sir Thomas Chicheley of Wimpole Estate, Cambridgeshire, England.[3] His name honours Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury and founder of All Souls College, Oxford, from whom he is a collateral descendent.[4] He received a Bachelor's degree from University College, University of Oxford in 1635.[5]

Wimpole, Cambridgeshire, Chicheley's ancestral home.

Royalist

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Enlisting as a Royalist of the Royal English Army during the English Civil Wars, Chicheley attained the rank of lieutenant colonel before Charles I knighted him in 1644 for his loyalty to the Crown.[6]

Chicheley was detained in the Tower of London for alleged complicity in a plotted coup against the Parliament of England.[7] In 1650, the Council of State paroled Chicheley and granted him permission to sail to Virginia so long as he did “nothing prejudicial to the State and present government thereof.”[8]

Exile to Virginia

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Coat of Arms of Henry Chicheley

Upon arrival to Virginia, Chicheley quickly established himself within society and among fellow supporters of the Crown.[9] In 1652, Chicheley married Agatha Eltonhead Stubbins Wormeley, the wealthy and influential widow of Ralph Wormeley Sr.[10][11]

The marriage gave Chicheley control of the properties and estates owned by the Wormeley family, including the Rosegill estate.[12][13] Chicheley is named on a land patent dated June 9, 1654, for 950 acres along the Rappahannock River.[14] With his newly obtained land and farms, Chicheley tended silkworms and produced silk for export to England, and established mulberry orchards.[1]

From burgess to lieutenant governor

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In 1656, Chicheley served as a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses representing Lancaster County. After violating the terms of his parole, he returned to England, where he engaged with supporters of Charles II who were plotting the Stuart Restoration of 1660. Chichely returned to Virginia in 1662.[3]

In April 1670, Colonial Governor of Virginia Sir William Berkeley appointed Chicheley to the Virginia Governor's Council. Two years later, he was appointed Lieutenant General of the Virginia Militia in 1672. Chicheley’s used his influence with his brother Sir Thomas Chicheley the younger, the royal Master-General of the Ordnance, to obtain arms and ammunition during the Third Anglo-Dutch War.[8]

Governor Berkeley arranged with King Charles II to appoint Chicheley as lieutenant governor of Virginia Colony in 1674.[15] As lieutenant governor, Chicheley advocated restrictions on tobacco cultivation to increase its price and to help promote further agricultural diversification in the colony.[16]

Bacon's Rebellion and recall to England

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See also: Bacon's Rebellion

In 1675, Chicheley stood by Governor Berkeley during Bacon's Rebellion.[17] The Baconians regarded Chicheley as a traitor to their cause and held him hostage for a brief period.[18] In the aftermath of the rebellion, Berkeley was relieved of the governorship and recalled to England. On December 30, 1678, Chicheley became acting governor of Virginia, a position he held until May 1680.[6][19]

Return as lieutenant governor

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Rosegill Estate, Urbanna, Middlesex County, Virginia.

In May 1680, Chicheley returned to his post as lieutenant governor upon the arrival of newly appointed Governor Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, who only remained in the territory for a few months.[20] He served as acting governor during Colepeper's absence from August 1680 to December 1682 during his travels and time away from Virginia.[1]

In the Spring of 1682, in response to falling tobacco prices, disgruntled farmers deliberately cut down tobacco seedlings on over 200 plantations in protest.[21] Chicheley played a central role in quelling the plant-cutter riots of Virginia and preventing further intervention from the Crown.[1]

Death and legacy

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After Colepeper returned to Britain, Chicheley remained in Virginia, continuing as lieutenant governor from December 1682 until his death in February 1683 at his Rosegill estate.[22] He is interred in the chancel of Christ Church, Middlesex County, and named on a plaque on the cemetery wall commemorating the founders of Virginia, installed by the Virginia Society Order of Founders and Patriots of America.[23][24]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Billings, Warren M. “Chicheley, Sir Henry.” In the Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 3, edited by Sara B. Bearss, 203–205. Richmond: Library of Virginia, 2006.
  2. ^ "Sir Henry Chicheley's signature". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  3. ^ a b "Henry Chichley b. 1615 Wimpole, Cambridge, England d. 5 Feb 1683 Rosegill, Christ Church Parish, Middlesex County, Virginia: Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties". www.colonial-settlers-md-va.us. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  4. ^ "The Chicheley Family of Wimpole, Cambridgeshire". www.wimpolepast.org. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  5. ^ Shackelford, George Green (1965). "Nanzatico, King George County, Virginia". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 73 (4): 387–404. ISSN 0042-6636. JSTOR 4247154.
  6. ^ a b John Berry, Francis Moryson, and Herbert Jefferys, "A True Narrative of the Rise, Progress and Cessation of the Late Rebellion in Virginia, Most Humbly and Impartially Recorded by His Majesties Commissioners, Appointed to inquire into the Affairs of the Said Colony." Ed. by Charles Andrews, in Narrative of the Insurrections 1675 to 1690, (Charles Scribner's Sons: New York, 1915)
  7. ^ "Summer 1966". www.lva.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  8. ^ a b Billings, Warren M. "Sir Henry Chicheley (1614 or 1615–1683)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  9. ^ "House History". history.house.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  10. ^ "Wormeley Family". Virginia Museum of History & Culture. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  11. ^ "Biographies of Virginia Governors 1607 to 1910". genealogytrails.com. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  12. ^ "Col. Gawin CORBIN & Catherine WORMELEY & Jane LANE & Martha BASSETT". dgmweb.net. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  13. ^ "059-0009 Rosegill". www.dhr.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  14. ^ VA Land Patents Book 3, p.274.
  15. ^ "Bluebook of the Commonwealth of Virginia - Governors of Virginia". www.bluebook.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  16. ^ "Sir Henry Chichley". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  17. ^ "Sir Henry Chicheley after Bacon's Rebellion". William & Mary Libraries. 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  18. ^ "Sir Henry Chicheley stands by Governor Sir William Berkeley during Bacon's Rebellion". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  19. ^ History, The Hornbook of Virginia. "Governors of Virginia". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  20. ^ "County History | Middlesex County, VA". www.co.middlesex.va.us. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  21. ^ Anonymous (2012-09-01). "Tobacco Production, Trend Of Prices, And Exports | Access Genealogy". Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  22. ^ Tyler, Lyon Gardiner. Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. (New York, New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., c1915)
  23. ^ Hart, Bev. "Founders and Patriots Memorialized by a Plaque Mounted on the Cemetery Wall" (PDF). Christ Church Parish, Middlesex. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  24. ^ "Christ Church Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org.

References

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  • The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed.
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