List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands

Part of a series on the
Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands military occupations map
Related articles
Spratly Islands dispute Territorial disputes in the South China Sea Philippines and the Spratly Islands Dangerous Ground (South China Sea) Great Wall of Sand History of the Spratly Islands List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands List of airports in the Spratly Islands Vietnamese DK1 rigs Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads Free Territory of Freedomland
Confrontations
Southwest Cay incident (1975) East Sea Campaign (1975) Johnson South Reef skirmish (1988)
Military occupations
Occupied by Brunei Louisa Reef-Semarang Barat Kecil Reef Occupied by China (PRC) Cuarteron Reef, Huayang Reef Fiery Cross Reef, Yongshu Reef Gaven Reefs, Nanxun Reef and Xinan Reef Hughes Reef, Dongmen Reef Johnson South Reef, Chigua Reef Mischief Reef, Meiji Reef Subi Reef, Zhubi Reef Occupied by Malaysia Ardasier Reef, Ubi Reef Dallas Reef, Laya Reef Erica Reef, Siput Reef Investigator Shoal, Peninjau Shoal Mariveles Reef, Mantanani Reef Swallow Reef, Layang-Layang Island Occupied by the Philippines Commodore Reef, Rizal Reef Flat Island, Patag Island Irving Reef, Balagtas Reef Lankiam Cay, Panata Island Loaita Cay, Melchora Aquino Island Loaita Island, Kota Island Nanshan Island, Lawak Island Northeast Cay, Parola Island Second Thomas Shoal, Ayungin Shoal Thitu Island, Pagasa Island West York Island, Likas Island Occupied by Taiwan (ROC) Centre Cay, Zhongzhou Reef Itu Aba Island, Taiping Island Occupied by Vietnam Amboyna Cay, An Bang Island Bombay Castle, Ba Ke Collins Reef, Co Lin Reef Cornwallis South Reef, Nui Le Reef Ladd Reef, Lat Reef Namyit Island, Nam Yet Island Sand Cay, Son Ca Island Sin Cowe Island, Sinh Ton Island Southwest Cay, Song Tu Tay Island Spratly Island, Truong Sa Island Unoccupied Half Moon Shoal Luconia Shoals Northeast Investigator Shoal Royal Captain Shoal Sabina Shoal Western Reef Whitsun Reef
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This page features a series of lists of maritime features in the Spratly Islands.

Of the hundreds of maritime features in the Spratly Islands, relatively few have land permanently above sea-level that is larger than protruding rocks. There are only 13 islands and cays with a natural area above sea-level larger than one hectare.^{[note 1]} With the exception of Swallow Reef, prior to 2014 there had been no large-scale land reclamation beyond building breakwaters and piers, and extending runways.

This changed dramatically in 2014 with the PRC embarking on large-scale reclamations of the lagoons of Johnson South Reef (~10ha) and Fiery Cross Reef (~230ha), and other reclamations of then unknown extent at the Gaven Reefs and Cuarteron Reef.^[1] Reports of the extent of land reclaimed on Swallow Reef vary. The PRC land reclamations have continued on a total of seven sites. In 2015, Subi Reef, Hughes Reef and Mischief Reef were added.^[2] Refer to the table below for the most recently available data. In summary, there have been reclamations of very large areas (>640 acres = 1 sq mile) at three sites by the PRC, reclamations of large areas (10-100 acres) at eight sites (four by PRC, three by Vietnam, and one by Malaysia) and reclamations of lesser areas at a number of sites. There does not appear to have been any reclamation of Philippine occupied areas. There have been small Taiwanese reclamations at Itu Aba, very small but functionally significant reclamations at six Malaysian sites, and a number small but significant reclamations at Vietnamese sites in 2016, most particularly at Spratly Island where the runway has been extended and a sheltered harbour added.

The following table contains the 16 largest "natural" features, (i.e. not including reclaimed land),^[3] plus the features with significant amounts of reclaimed land:

#	Feature	in Atoll	"Natural" Area	Location	Currently occupied by	Reclaimed Area[1]
1	Itu Aba Island	Tizard Bank	46.00 hectares (113.7 acres)	10°22.5′N 114°22′E / 10.3750°N 114.367°E / 10.3750; 114.367	ROC (Taiping Island)	~8 acres (3.2 ha)[4]
2	Thitu Island	Thitu Reefs	37.20 hectares (91.9 acres)	11°03′N 114°17′E / 11.050°N 114.283°E / 11.050; 114.283	PHI (Pagasa Island)
3	West York Island	West York Island	18.60 hectares (46.0 acres)	11°05′N 115°01′E / 11.083°N 115.017°E / 11.083; 115.017	PHI (Likas Island)
4	Spratly Island	Spratly Island	13.00 hectares (32.1 acres)	08°38′N 111°55′E / 8.633°N 111.917°E / 8.633; 111.917	VNM (Trường Sa Island)	~37 acres (15 ha)[5]
5	Northeast Cay	North Danger Reef	12.70 hectares (31.4 acres)	11°28′N 114°21′E / 11.467°N 114.350°E / 11.467; 114.350	PHI (Parola Island)
6	Southwest Cay	North Danger Reef	12.00 hectares (29.7 acres)	11°26′N 114°20′E / 11.433°N 114.333°E / 11.433; 114.333	VNM (Song Tử Tây Island)	~7 acres (2.8 ha)[6]
7	Sin Cowe Island	Union Banks	08.00 hectares (19.8 acres)	09°52′N 114°19′E / 9.867°N 114.317°E / 9.867; 114.317	VNM (Sinh Tồn Island)	~26 acres (11 ha)[7]
8	Nanshan Island	Loaita Bank	07.93 hectares (19.6 acres)	10°45′N 115°49′E / 10.750°N 115.817°E / 10.750; 115.817	PHI (Lawak Island)
9	Sand Cay	Tizard Bank	07.00 hectares (17.3 acres)	10°23′N 114°28′E / 10.383°N 114.467°E / 10.383; 114.467	VNM (Sơn Ca Island)	~9 acres (3.6 ha)[8][9]
10	Loaita Island	Loaita Bank	06.45 hectares (15.9 acres)	10°40′N 114°25′E / 10.667°N 114.417°E / 10.667; 114.417	PHI (Kota Island)
11	Swallow Reef	Swallow Reef	06.20 hectares (15.3 acres)	07°22′N 113°50′E / 7.367°N 113.833°E / 7.367; 113.833	MYS (Layang-Layang Reef)	~95 acres (38 ha)
12	Namyit Island	Tizard Bank	05.30 hectares (13.1 acres)	10°11′N 114°22′E / 10.183°N 114.367°E / 10.183; 114.367	VNM (Nam Yết Island)
13	Amboyna Cay	Amboyna Cay	01.60 hectares (4.0 acres)	07°54′N 112°55′E / 7.900°N 112.917°E / 7.900; 112.917	VNM (An Bang Island)
	Grierson Reef	Union Banks	01.60 hectares (4.0 acres)	09°54′N 114°34′E / 9.900°N 114.567°E / 9.900; 114.567	VNM (Sinh Tồn Đông Island)	~3 acres (1.2 ha)[10][11]
	West London Reef	London Reefs	01.10 hectares (2.7 acres)	08°52′N 112°15′E / 8.867°N 112.250°E / 8.867; 112.250	VNM (Đá Tây A Island)	~70 acres (28 ha)[8][10][11][12]
	Central London Reef	London Reefs	00.88 hectares (2.2 acres)	08°56′N 112°21′E / 8.933°N 112.350°E / 8.933; 112.350	VNM (Trường Sa Đông Island)	~4 acres (1.6 ha)[10][11]
14	Flat Island	Loaita Bank	00.57 hectares (1.4 acres)	10°49′N 115°49′E / 10.817°N 115.817°E / 10.817; 115.817	PHI (Patag Island)
15	Loaita Cay	Loaita Bank	00.53 hectares (1.3 acres)	10°43′43″N 114°21′09″E / 10.72861°N 114.35250°E / 10.72861; 114.35250	PHI (Melchora Aquino Island)
16	Lankiam Cay	Loaita Bank	00.44 hectares (1.1 acres)	10°43′N 114°32′E / 10.717°N 114.533°E / 10.717; 114.533	PHI (Panata Island)
	Mischief Reef	Mischief Reef	00.00	09°56′N 115°32′E / 9.933°N 115.533°E / 9.933; 115.533	PRC	~1,379 acres (558 ha)[13][14]
	Subi Reef	Thitu Reefs	00.00	10°55′N 114°04′E / 10.917°N 114.067°E / 10.917; 114.067	PRC	~976 acres (395 ha)[13][15]
	Fiery Cross Reef	Fiery Cross Reef	00.00	09°36′N 111°57′E / 9.600°N 111.950°E / 9.600; 111.950	PRC	~677 acres (274 ha)[13][16]
	Cuarteron Reef	London Reefs	00.00	08°52′N 112°50′E / 8.867°N 112.833°E / 8.867; 112.833	PRC	~56 acres (23 ha)[17]
	Gaven Reefs	Tizard Bank	00.00	10°13′N 114°13′E / 10.217°N 114.217°E / 10.217; 114.217	PRC	~34 acres (14 ha)[18]
	Johnson South Reef	Union Banks	00.00	09°43′N 114°17′E / 9.717°N 114.283°E / 9.717; 114.283	PRC	~27 acres (11 ha)[19]
	Hughes Reef	Union Banks	00.00	09°55′N 114°30′E / 9.917°N 114.500°E / 9.917; 114.500	PRC	~19 acres (7.7 ha)[20][21]
	Pearson Reef	SW Dangerous Ground	00.00	08°58′N 113°42′E / 8.967°N 113.700°E / 8.967; 113.700	VNM (Phan Vinh Island)	~6 acres (2.4 ha)[22]
	Cornwallis South Reef	SW Dangerous Ground	00.00	08°43′N 114°11′E / 8.717°N 114.183°E / 8.717; 114.183	VNM (Núi Le Reef)	~2 acres (0.81 ha)[10][11]

The boundaries of the Spratly Islands are not firmly defined. West-to-east, the islands range from the coastal waters of Vietnam to the east of Dangerous Ground and the Palawan Passage (approx. 106-117°E), and south-to-north from the coastal waters of Borneo and the southern South China Sea to the north of Dangerous Ground and the Reed Bank (approx. 3-12°N).

The major feature of the area is Dangerous Ground, an oblong area approximately 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi) SW-NE, 175 nautical miles (324 km; 201 mi) at its widest, with an area of about 52,000 nm² (178,000 km²).^[23] It lies approximately between 7.5–12°N, 113–117°E, and US NGA literature^{[23][24][25]etc.} seems to consider its centre as 10°N 115°E / 10°N 115°E / 10; 115. The remainder of the Spratly Islands are mainly to the west and south of Dangerous Ground, with some features to the east.

The Spratly Islands can be roughly divided into seven sub-areas relative to Dangerous Ground:^[23]

• NW of Dangerous Ground (approx. 10-12°N, 113-115°E)^[24]
• NE Dangerous Ground (approx. 10-12°N, 115-117°E)^[25]
• SE Dangerous Ground (approx. 7-10°N, 115-117°E)^[26][27][28]
• SW Dangerous Ground (approx. 7-10°N, 113-115°E)^[29]
• E of Dangerous Ground (approx. 3-12°N, east of 117°E)^[25][26][28]
• S of Dangerous Ground (approx. 3- 7°N, 113-117°E)^[28][30] and
• W of Dangerous Ground (approx. 3-12°N, west of 113°E)^{[note 2]}

Within these sub-areas there are a number of major reefs and banks, as well as ungrouped maritime features.^[3]

Starting in the NW, and progressing in a generally SW direction, the features include:

A feature is occupied by a country if one of the following is true:

• Soldiers and/or civilian citizens of a country are present in the feature, either by building structures over the feature to house the citizens (most features are of this type) or by manning a ship anchored over the feature (Philippine-occupied Irving Reef is of this type).
• Regularly visited by soldiers of a country, not necessarily having soldiers present in it 24 hours. These features must lie near (within 9 miles (14 km)) a feature occupied by the country in the way of the first condition. Presence of structures is not necessary. This is the case of Philippine-occupied Flat Island and Lankiam Cay where soldiers stationed at Nanshan Island and Loaita Island respectively, regularly visit on a daily basis.^{[citation needed]}

The effective visible distance of horizon from a 15-meter (typical large structure) height above sea-level is 9 miles (14 km). This makes features occupied by the second condition to be also labeled as "occupied" since they can be guarded far away. However, not all features within the 9-mile (14 km) radius can be considered as absolutely occupied. This is especially true for features that lie between and within 9 miles (14 km) of two or more features occupied by different countries.^{[citation needed]} (See Virtually Occupied or Controlled table)

Int'l Name	Co-ords	Sub-group	Occupant/s	Since	Notes
Itu Aba	10°22.5′N 114°22′E / 10.3750°N 114.367°E / 10.3750; 114.367	Tizard Bank	ROC (Taiwan)	1946
Ban Than Reef	10°23′N 114°24′E / 10.383°N 114.400°E / 10.383; 114.400	Tizard Bank	ROC (Taiwan)	1946
Cuarteron Reef	08°53′N 112°51′E / 8.883°N 112.850°E / 8.883; 112.850	London Reefs	PRC (China)	1988
Fiery Cross Reef	09°37′N 112°58′E / 9.617°N 112.967°E / 9.617; 112.967	W of Union Banks	PRC (China)	1988	Military Garrison
Gaven Reefs	10°13′N 114°13′E / 10.217°N 114.217°E / 10.217; 114.217	Tizard Bank	PRC (China)	1988
Hughes Reef	09°55′N 114°30′E / 9.917°N 114.500°E / 9.917; 114.500	Union Banks	PRC (China)	1988	Lighthouse
Johnson South Reef	09°43′N 114°17′E / 9.717°N 114.283°E / 9.717; 114.283	Union Banks	PRC (China)	1988
Mischief Reef	09°55′N 115°32′E / 9.917°N 115.533°E / 9.917; 115.533	SE Dangerous Ground	PRC (China)	1995	Airfield
Subi Reef	10°55′N 114°04′E / 10.917°N 114.067°E / 10.917; 114.067	W of Thitu Reefs [zh]	PRC (China)	2013	Military Garrison
Flat Island	10°49′N 115°49′E / 10.817°N 115.817°E / 10.817; 115.817	SE Dangerous Ground	PHI	1974
Lankiam Cay	10°43′N 114°32′E / 10.717°N 114.533°E / 10.717; 114.533	Loaita Banks	PHI	-
Loaita Cay	10°43′43″N 114°21′09″E / 10.72861°N 114.35250°E / 10.72861; 114.35250	Loaita Banks	PHI	-
Loaita Island	10°40′N 114°25′E / 10.667°N 114.417°E / 10.667; 114.417	Loaita Banks	PHI	-
Nanshan Island	10°44′N 115°48′E / 10.733°N 115.800°E / 10.733; 115.800	NE Dangerous Ground	PHI	-
Northeast Cay	11°27′N 114°21′E / 11.450°N 114.350°E / 11.450; 114.350	North Danger Reef	PHI	-
Thitu Island	11°03′N 114°17′E / 11.050°N 114.283°E / 11.050; 114.283	Thitu Reefs [zh]	PHI	-
West York Island	11°05′N 115°01′E / 11.083°N 115.017°E / 11.083; 115.017	NW Dangerous Ground	PHI	-
Commodore Reef	08°22′N 115°12′E / 8.367°N 115.200°E / 8.367; 115.200	SE Dangerous Ground	PHI	-
Irving Reef	10°52′N 114°55′E / 10.867°N 114.917°E / 10.867; 114.917	NNW Dangerous Ground	PHI	-
Second Thomas Shoal	09°44′N 115°52′E / 9.733°N 115.867°E / 9.733; 115.867	NE Dangerous Ground	PHI	1999	Navy Outpost
Southwest Cay	11°26′N 114°20′E / 11.433°N 114.333°E / 11.433; 114.333	North Danger Reef	VNM	1975/04/14	Lighthouse
Sand Cay	10°23′N 114°29′E / 10.383°N 114.483°E / 10.383; 114.483	Tizard Bank	VNM	1975/04/25	Lighthouse
Namyit Island	10°11′N 114°22′E / 10.183°N 114.367°E / 10.183; 114.367	Tizard Bank	VNM	1975/04/27	Lighthouse
Sin Cowe Island	09°53′N 114°20′E / 9.883°N 114.333°E / 9.883; 114.333	Union Banks	VNM	1975/04/27	Lighthouse
Spratly Island	08°38′N 114°25′E / 8.633°N 114.417°E / 8.633; 114.417	Spratly Island vicinity	VNM	1975/04/29	Lighthouse
Amboyna Cay	07°54′N 112°55′E / 7.900°N 112.917°E / 7.900; 112.917		VNM	1975/04/29	Lighthouse
Grierson Reef /Sin Cowe East Island	09°54′N 114°34′E / 9.900°N 114.567°E / 9.900; 114.567	Union Banks	VNM	1978/03/23
Central London Reef	08°56′N 112°21′E / 8.933°N 112.350°E / 8.933; 112.350	London Reefs	VNM	1978/04/02
Pearson Reef	08°57′N 113°40′E / 8.950°N 113.667°E / 8.950; 113.667	SW Dangerous Ground	VNM	1978/04/10
Barque Canada Reef	08°10′N 113°18′E / 8.167°N 113.300°E / 8.167; 113.300	NE Dangerous Ground	VNM	1987/02
West London Reef	08°52′N 112°14′E / 8.867°N 112.233°E / 8.867; 112.233	London Reefs	VNM	1988/01/15	Lighthouse
Ladd Reef	08°41′N 111°40′E / 8.683°N 111.667°E / 8.683; 111.667	Spratly Island vicinity	VNM	1988/02/05	Lighthouse
Discovery Great Reef	10°04′N 113°51′E / 10.067°N 113.850°E / 10.067; 113.850	W of Tizard Banks	VNM	1988/02/06
Pigeon Reef	08°51′N 114°39′E / 8.850°N 114.650°E / 8.850; 114.650	SW Dangerous Ground	VNM	1988/02/07	Lighthouse
East London Reef	08°50′N 112°36′E / 8.833°N 112.600°E / 8.833; 112.600	London Reefs	VNM	1988/02/19
Alison Reef	08°51′N 114°00′E / 8.850°N 114.000°E / 8.850; 114.000	SW Dangerous Ground	VNM	1988/03/20
Cornwallis South Reef	08°43′N 114°11′E / 8.717°N 114.183°E / 8.717; 114.183	SW Dangerous Ground	VNM	1988/03/20
South Reef	11°23′N 114°18′E / 11.383°N 114.300°E / 11.383; 114.300	North Danger Reef	VNM	1988/04/02
Petley Reef	10°24′N 114°35′E / 10.400°N 114.583°E / 10.400; 114.583	Tizard Bank	VNM	1988/04/13
Collins Reef	09°46′N 114°15′E / 9.767°N 114.250°E / 9.767; 114.250	Union Banks	VNM	1988/06/28
Lansdowne Reef	09°47′N 114°22′E / 9.783°N 114.367°E / 9.783; 114.367	Union Banks	VNM	1988/06/28
Bombay Castle	07°56′N 111°43′E / 7.933°N 111.717°E / 7.933; 111.717	Riflemen Bank [zh]	VNM	1989/06/30	Lighthouse
Prince of Wales Bank [zh]	08°09′N 110°36′E / 8.150°N 110.600°E / 8.150; 110.600	Southwest Bank	VNM	1989/06/30	Lighthouse
Vanguard Bank [zh]	07°32′N 109°45′E / 7.533°N 109.750°E / 7.533; 109.750	West Spratlys	VNM	1989/07/05	Lighthouse, China Coast Guard regular patrol
Prince Consort Bank [zh]	07°55′N 109°58′E / 7.917°N 109.967°E / 7.917; 109.967	Southwest Bank	VNM	1990/11/04	Lighthouse
Grainger Bank [zh]	07°49′N 110°30′E / 7.817°N 110.500°E / 7.817; 110.500	Southwest Bank	VNM	1991/11/03	Lighthouse
Alexandra Bank [zh]	08°01′N 110°38′E / 8.017°N 110.633°E / 8.017; 110.633	Southwest Bank	VNM	1991/11/30	Lighthouse
Orleana Shoal  [zh]	07°41′N 111°43′E / 7.683°N 111.717°E / 7.683; 111.717	Riflemen Bank [zh]	VNM	1998/07/03	Lighthouse
Kingston Shoal  [zh]	07°34′6″N 111°33′13″E / 7.56833°N 111.55361°E / 7.56833; 111.55361	Riflemen Bank [zh]	VNM	1998/07/07	Lighthouse
Swallow Reef	07°22′N 113°50′E / 7.367°N 113.833°E / 7.367; 113.833		MYS	1983	RMN offshore EEZ station "Lima"
Ardasier Reef	07°38′N 113°56′E / 7.633°N 113.933°E / 7.633; 113.933	SW Dangerous Ground	MYS	1986	RMN offshore EEZ station "Uniform"
Mariveles Reef	08°00′N 113°54′E / 8.000°N 113.900°E / 8.000; 113.900	SW Dangerous Ground	MYS	1986	RMN offshore EEZ station "Mike"
Dallas Reef	07°37′N 113°48′E / 7.617°N 113.800°E / 7.617; 113.800	SW Dangerous Ground	MYS	1987 (or 1986)
Erica Reef	08°06′N 114°08′E / 8.100°N 114.133°E / 8.100; 114.133	SW Dangerous Ground	MYS	1999	RMN offshore EEZ station "Sierra"
Investigator Shoal	08°07′N 114°42′E / 8.117°N 114.700°E / 8.117; 114.700	SW Dangerous Ground	MYS	1999	RMN offshore EEZ station "Papa"
James Shoal	03°58.5′N 112°21′E / 3.9750°N 112.350°E / 3.9750; 112.350	-	MYS[35]		China Coast Guard regular patrol
Louisa Reef	06°20′N 113°14′E / 6.333°N 113.233°E / 6.333; 113.233		BRU	-
Aitken Reef  [zh]	5°54′0″N 112°31′30″E / 5.90000°N 112.52500°E / 5.90000; 112.52500	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Alicia Annie Reef [zh]	9°21′N 115°26′E / 9.350°N 115.433°E / 9.350; 115.433	SW Dangerous Ground
Amy Douglas Bank [zh] /Hirane Shoal	10°50′N 116°15′E / 10.833°N 116.250°E / 10.833; 116.250	NE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Ardasier Bank [zh]	7°36′N 114°17′E / 7.600°N 114.283°E / 7.600; 114.283	SW Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, near
Bombay Shoal [zh]	9°26′N 116°55′E / 9.433°N 116.917°E / 9.433; 116.917	ESE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Boxall Reef [zh]	9°36′N 116°10′E / 9.600°N 116.167°E / 9.600; 116.167	SE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Buck Reef [zh]	5°48′15″N 112°32′15″E / 5.80417°N 112.53750°E / 5.80417; 112.53750	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Carnatic Shoal [zh]	10°06′N 117°21′E / 10.100°N 117.350°E / 10.100; 117.350	NE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Comus Shoal [zh]	5°2′12″N 112°56′20″E / 5.03667°N 112.93889°E / 5.03667; 112.93889	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Connell Reef [zh]	5°4′40″N 112°34′45″E / 5.07778°N 112.57917°E / 5.07778; 112.57917	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Coronation Bank [zh]	9°21′N 111°44′E / 9.350°N 111.733°E / 9.350; 111.733	W of Union Banks
Dhaulle Shoal [zh]	9°28′N 112°24′E / 9.467°N 112.400°E / 9.467; 112.400	W of Union Banks
Director Reef [zh]	8°28′N 115°55′E / 8.467°N 115.917°E / 8.467; 115.917	SE Dangerous Ground
Discovery Small Reef [zh]	10°01′N 114°02′E / 10.017°N 114.033°E / 10.017; 114.033	W of Tizard Banks
Edmund Reef [zh]	9°54′N 114°23.5′E / 9.900°N 114.3917°E / 9.900; 114.3917	Union Banks
Eldad Reef	10°21′N 114°42′E / 10.350°N 114.700°E / 10.350; 114.700	Tizard Bank			Unoccupied, China Coast Guard regular patrol
Empire Reef [zh]	9°58.5′N 114°35.5′E / 9.9750°N 114.5917°E / 9.9750; 114.5917	Union Banks
First Thomas Shoal	09°20′N 115°57′E / 9.333°N 115.950°E / 9.333; 115.950	SE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, China Coast Guard regular patrol
Friendship Shoal [zh]	5°57′18″N 112°31′43″E / 5.95500°N 112.52861°E / 5.95500; 112.52861	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Ganges Reef [zh]	10°20′N 115°04′E / 10.333°N 115.067°E / 10.333; 115.067	-
Glasgow Bank [zh]	8°28′N 115°30′E / 8.467°N 115.500°E / 8.467; 115.500	SE Dangerous Ground
Half Moon Shoal	8°52′N 116°16′E / 8.867°N 116.267°E / 8.867; 116.267	ESE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Hallet Reef [zh]	9°56′N 114°31′E / 9.933°N 114.517°E / 9.933; 114.517	Union Banks			Unoccupied, near Hughes Reef
Hardie Reef [zh]	5°47′0″N 112°26′45″E / 5.78333°N 112.44583°E / 5.78333; 112.44583	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Hardy Reef [zh]/Hubo Reef	10°08′N 116°08′E / 10.133°N 116.133°E / 10.133; 116.133	NE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Hayes Reef [zh]	5°22′N 112°39′E / 5.367°N 112.650°E / 5.367; 112.650	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Herald Reef (Spratly Islands)  [zh]	4°58′15″N 112°36′15″E / 4.97083°N 112.60417°E / 4.97083; 112.60417	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Higgens Reef [zh]	09°48′N 114°24′E / 9.800°N 114.400°E / 9.800; 114.400	Union Banks
Holiday Reef [zh]	9°58′N 114°34′E / 9.967°N 114.567°E / 9.967; 114.567	Union Banks
Hopkins Reef [zh]	10°48.5′N 116°05.5′E / 10.8083°N 116.0917°E / 10.8083; 116.0917	NE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Hopps Reef [zh]	10°15′N 115°21.5′E / 10.250°N 115.3583°E / 10.250; 115.3583	Southampton Reefs
Investigator Northeast Shoal	9°10.5′N 116°27.5′E / 9.1750°N 116.4583°E / 9.1750; 116.4583	SE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Iroquois Reef [zh]	10°37.5′N 116°10.5′E / 10.6250°N 116.1750°E / 10.6250; 116.1750	NE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Jackson Atoll [zh]	10°29′N 115°45′E / 10.483°N 115.750°E / 10.483; 115.750	NE Dangerous Ground
Johnson Patch [zh]	07°48′15″N 111°34′29″E / 7.80417°N 111.57472°E / 7.80417; 111.57472	Union Banks	Riflemen Bank [zh]		Unoccupied, near Bombay Castle
Jones Reef [zh]/Zhangxi Jiao	9°50′N 114°28′E / 9.833°N 114.467°E / 9.833; 114.467	Union Banks
Jubilee Bank (Spratly Islands) [zh]	8°32′N 111°29′E / 8.533°N 111.483°E / 8.533; 111.483	Spratly Island vicinity			Unoccupied, near Ladd Reef
Katimugan Banks [zh] [dubious – discuss]	10°30′N 116°40′E / 10.500°N 116.667°E / 10.500; 116.667	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Leslie Bank [zh]	11°05′N 117°28′E / 11.083°N 117.467°E / 11.083; 117.467	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Livock Reef [zh]	10°11′N 115°18′E / 10.183°N 115.300°E / 10.183; 115.300	Southampton Reefs
Loaita Nan	10°42′N 114°19′E / 10.700°N 114.317°E / 10.700; 114.317	Loaita Banks			Unoccupied, near Loaita Cay
Lord Auckland Shoal [zh]	10°20′N 117°17′E / 10.333°N 117.283°E / 10.333; 117.283	NE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Loveless Reef [zh]	9°51′N 114°17′E / 9.850°N 114.283°E / 9.850; 114.283	Union Banks			Unoccupied, near Sin Cowe Island
Luconia Breakers [zh]	4°59′N 112°37′E / 4.983°N 112.617°E / 4.983; 112.617	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near , China Coast Guard regular patrol
Lys Shoal [zh]	11°19′N 114°35′E / 11.317°N 114.583°E / 11.317; 114.583	Trident & Lys
Maralie Reef [zh] /Bittern Reef	9°12′N 113°40′E / 9.200°N 113.667°E / 9.200; 113.667	SW Dangerous Ground
Marie Louise Bank [zh]	11°55′N 116°47′E / 11.917°N 116.783°E / 11.917; 116.783	Reed Tablemount			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
McKennan Reef [zh] /Kennan Reef	9°54′N 114°28′E / 9.900°N 114.467°E / 9.900; 114.467	Union Banks			Unoccupied, near Hughes Reef
Menzies Reef [zh]	11°09′N 114°48′E / 11.150°N 114.800°E / 11.150; 114.800	NNW Dangerous Ground
Moody Reef [zh]	5°37′38″N 112°21′38″E / 5.62722°N 112.36056°E / 5.62722; 112.36056	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Nares Bank [zh]	11°35′N 116°15′E / 11.583°N 116.250°E / 11.583; 116.250	Reed Tablemount			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
North East Shoal [zh]	8°31′N 115°15′E / 8.517°N 115.250°E / 8.517; 115.250	SE Dangerous Ground
North Luconia Shoals [zh]	5°39′N 112°28′E / 5.650°N 112.467°E / 5.650; 112.467	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
South Luconia Shoals [zh]	5°05′N 112°40′E / 5.083°N 112.667°E / 5.083; 112.667	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
North Reef (Spratly Islands) [zh]	11°28′N 114°23′E / 11.467°N 114.383°E / 11.467; 114.383	North Danger Reef			Unoccupied, near Northeast Cay
North Viper Shoal [zh]	8°02′N 115°23′E / 8.033°N 115.383°E / 8.033; 115.383	SE Dangerous Ground
South Viper Shoal [zh]	7°30′N 115°00′E / 7.500°N 115.000°E / 7.500; 115.000	ESE Dangerous Ground
Owen Shoal [zh]	8°9′N 111°58′E / 8.150°N 111.967°E / 8.150; 111.967	-			Unoccupied, near Bombay Castle
Pennsylvania North Reef [zh]	10°48′N 116°51′E / 10.800°N 116.850°E / 10.800; 116.850	Reed Tablemount			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Pennsylvania South Reef [zh] /Magat Salamat Reef	10°23′N 116°34′E / 10.383°N 116.567°E / 10.383; 116.567	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Reed Bank	11°20′N 116°50′E / 11.333°N 116.833°E / 11.333; 116.833	Reed Tablemount			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Richmond Reef [zh]	5°3′0″N 112°39′52″E / 5.05000°N 112.66444°E / 5.05000; 112.66444	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Royal Captain Shoal	9°01′N 116°40′E / 9.017°N 116.667°E / 9.017; 116.667	ESE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Royal Charlotte Reef [zh]	6°57′N 113°35′E / 6.950°N 113.583°E / 6.950; 113.583	SW Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, near , China Coast Guard regular patrol
Sabina Shoal	9°45′N 116°28′E / 9.750°N 116.467°E / 9.750; 116.467	SE Dangerous Ground			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Sandy Cay (Spratly Islands) [zh]	11°04′N 114°13′E / 11.067°N 114.217°E / 11.067; 114.217	Thitu Reefs [zh]			Unoccupied, near Thitu Island
Sandy Shoal [zh]	11°02′N 117°38′E / 11.033°N 117.633°E / 11.033; 117.633	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Seahorse Breakers [zh]	5°30′N 112°35′E / 5.500°N 112.583°E / 5.500; 112.583	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Seahorse Shoal [zh]	10°48′N 117°47′E / 10.800°N 117.783°E / 10.800; 117.783	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Southern Bank (Spratly Islands) [zh]	10°28′N 116°45′E / 10.467°N 116.750°E / 10.467; 116.750	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Stag Shoal [zh]	8°27′N 112°57′E / 8.450°N 112.950°E / 8.450; 112.950	-
Stigant Reef  [zh]	5°1′28″N 112°28′45″E / 5.02444°N 112.47917°E / 5.02444; 112.47917	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Tagpi [zh] [dubious – discuss]	10°33′N 116°56′E / 10.550°N 116.933°E / 10.550; 116.933	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Templar Bank [zh]	11°01′N 117°17′E / 11.017°N 117.283°E / 11.017; 117.283	NE Dangerous Ground-			Unoccupied, the east of the 116°E meridian
Third Thomas Shoal	10°54′N 115°56′E / 10.900°N 115.933°E / 10.900; 115.933	NE Dangerous Ground
Thitu Reef [zh]	11°05′N 114°23′E / 11.083°N 114.383°E / 11.083; 114.383	Thitu Reefs [zh]			Unoccupied, near Thitu Island
Trident Shoal [zh]	11°24′N 114°40′E / 11.400°N 114.667°E / 11.400; 114.667	Trident & Lys
Tripp Reef [zh]	5°28′30″N 112°28′30″E / 5.47500°N 112.47500°E / 5.47500; 112.47500	Luconia Shoals			Unoccupied, near
Western Reef	10°14′N 113°38.33′E / 10.233°N 113.63883°E / 10.233; 113.63883	W of Tizard Banks
Whitson Reef	09°59′N 114°39′E / 9.983°N 114.650°E / 9.983; 114.650	Union Banks			Unoccupied, China Coast Guard regular patrol

200km
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Location of the major islands in Spratly Islands. The eastern Dangerous Ground area contains many other reefs. Legend:

   Republic of China (Taiwan): 1: Taiping 2: Zhongzhou

   People's Republic of China: 3: Yongshu 4: Meiji 5: Zhubi 6: Huayang 7: Nanxun 8: Chiguo 9: Dongmen

   Philippines: 10: Flat Island 11: Lankiam Cay 12: Loaita Cay 13: Loaita Island 14: Nanshan Island 15: Northeast Cay 16: Thitu Island 17: West York Island 18: Commodore Reef 19: Irving Reef 20: Second Thomas Shoal

   Vietnam: 21: Southwest Cay 22: Sand Cay 23: Namyit Island 24: Sin Cowe Island 25: Spratly Island 26: Amboyna Cay 27: Grierson Reef 28: Central London Reef 29: Pearson Reef 30: Barque Canada Reef 31: West London Reef 32: Ladd Reef 33: Discovery Great Reef 34: Pigeon Reef 35: East London Reef 36: Alison Reef 37: Cornwallis South Reef 38: Petley Reef 39: South Reef 40: Collins Reef 41: Lansdowne Reef 42: Bombay Castle 43: Prince of Wales Bank [zh] 44: Vanguard Bank [zh] 45: Prince Consort Bank [zh] 46: Grainger Bank [zh] 47: Alexandra Bank [zh] 48: Orleana Shoal [zh] 49: Kingston Shoal [zh]

   Malaysia: 50: Swallow Reef 51: Ardasier Reef 52: Dallas Reef 53: Erica Reef 54: Investigator Shoal 55: Mariveles Reef

   Brunei: 56: Louisa Reef

Note that Louisa Reef was controlled by Brunei since 2009.

Brunei

Int'l Name	Local Names	Description	Area (ha.)	Reclaimed area
Louisa Reef[3]	南通礁 南通礁 Nantong Jiao	Rocks 1 m high. Malaysia operates a lighthouse here.[36]	0
	Terumbu Semarang / Barat Kecil
Total		1 reef	0

Note that the Royal Malaysian Navy have established 5 Offshore naval stations (Offshore EEZ Stations) on reclaimed land:^[37]

1. 1983: Station Lima (Swallow Reef)
2. 1986: Station Uniform (Ardasier Reef)
3. 1986: Station Mike (Mariveles Reef)
4. 1999: Station Sierra (Erica Reef)
5. 1999: Station Papa (Investigator Shoal)

Malaysia

Int'l Name	Local Names	Description	Area (ha.)	Reclaimed area
Swallow Reef/ Island[3][38]	Celerio	The eleventh largest Spratly island. Treeless cay and rocks up to 3 m high surround a lagoon. Malaysia has drawn territorial seas around this and Amboyna Cay. Some 70 plus soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Lima". Has a 1.4 km airstrip, jetty and dive resort. Occupied since 1983.	6.2	~35ha
	弹丸礁 彈丸礁 Danwan Jiao
	Đá Hoa Lau
	Terumbu Layang Layang
Ardasier Reef[3][38]	Antonio Luna[39]	07°38′N 113°56′E / 7.633°N 113.933°E / 7.633; 113.933 Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. Has a few sandy patches. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Uniform". Occupied since 1986.[3]	0
	光星仔礁 光星仔礁 Guangxingzai Jiao
	Bãi Kiêu Ngựa
	Terumbu Ubi
Dallas Reef[3]	Rajah Matanda	Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. Several soldiers stationed. Malaysia is also using this reef for tourism.	0
	光星礁 Guangxing Jiao
	Đá Suối Cát
	Terumbu Laya
Erica Reef / Enloa Reef[note 3]	Gabriela Silang[39]	Above water only at low tide. Some isolated rocks on the eastern edge stand above high water. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Sierra". Occupied since 1999.	0
	簸箕礁 簸箕礁 Boji Jiao
	Đá Én Ca
	Terumbu Siput
Investigator Shoal[note 3]	Pawikan[39]	Above water only at low tide. Some large rocks at the western end are visible at high water. Encloses a lagoon. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Papa". Occupied since 1999.	0
	榆亚暗沙 榆亞暗沙 Yuya Ansha
	Bãi Thám Hiểm
	Terumbu Peninjau
Mariveles Reef[3][38]	Mariveles	A sand cay, 1.5–2 m high, surrounded by two lagoons, parts of which are above water at high tide. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Mike". Occupied since 1986.	0
	南海礁 南海礁 Nanhai Jiao
	Đá Kỳ Vân
	Terumbu Mantanani
Total		1 island, 4 reefs, and 1 shoal	6.2

People's Republic of China

Int'l Name	Local Names	Description	Area (ha.)	Reclaimed area
Cuarteron Reef[3][38]	华阳礁 Huayang Jiao	8°53′00″N 112°51′05″E / 8.88333°N 112.85139°E / 8.88333; 112.85139 - Part of London Reefs. Natural features Coral rocks only. Highest are 1.5 m high, on the north. Occupation before land reclamation Occupied by PRC since 1988. As of 2011[update], has permanent reef fortresses and supply platforms able to resist winds up to 71 knots and equipped with VHF / UHF communications equipment, search radars as well as naval guns and anti-aircraft guns, which can serve as docks for Chinese navy patrol boats.[40] Land reclamation Intelligence reports of November 2014 suggest the reef has been transformed into an island of yet unknown size, due to PRC's land reclamation activities.[1] By June 2015, the land reclamation had reached 0.231 km2 and appeared complete.[41]	0	23.1 ha[41]
	Calderon
	Đá Châu Viên
Fiery Cross Reef / Northwest Investigator Reef[3][38]	永暑礁 Yongshu Jiao	9°37′N 112°58′E / 9.617°N 112.967°E / 9.617; 112.967 - West of Union Banks Natural features Rocks up to 1 m high. [5] says all below high tide, but guano deposits disagree. Occupation before land reclamation Occupied by PRC since 1988. "Marine observation station" built by PRC in 1988; PRC built a navy harbor by blasting, piling up and cementing coral; coconut, fir, and banyan trees planted. As of 2011[update], designated the PRC main command headquarters; equipped with satellite data transmission, surface and air search radars; armed with at least four high-powered naval guns and several gun emplacements.[40] Land reclamation Intelligence reports of November 2014 observed that the reef has been transformed into an island 3,000m long and 200-300m wide due to PRC land reclamation activities.[1] In February 2015, land reclamation was already estimated having reached 2.3 km2, turning the reef to the largest landmass in Spratly islands.[42] The reclaimed area was estimated to have grown to 2.65 km2 in April 2015.[13] By June 2015, the land reclamation had reached 2.74 km2 and appeared complete. × × €4.95 / month Favourites List Audio Listining Color Mode Monthly New Updates Fullname * Email * Credit or debit card Subscribe A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: userid Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 68 Backtrace: File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 68 Function: _error_handler File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once "> Subscribe Now × €4.95 € 9.90 / Modal title × Close Save changes × List_of_maritime_features_in_the_Spratly_Islands" id="cancelSubscription" name="cancelSubscription" class="mb-0"> A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: user_membership Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 192 Backtrace: File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 192 Function: _error_handler File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 192 Backtrace: File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 192 Function: _error_handler File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: userid Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 208 Backtrace: File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 208 Function: _error_handler File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once "> Harry Potter Books × A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: products Filename: user/popup_harry_book.php Line Number: 24 Backtrace: File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/user/popup_harry_book.php Line: 24 Function: _error_handler File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/page/index.php Line: 479 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() Filename: user/popup_harry_book.php Line Number: 24 Backtrace: File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/user/popup_harry_book.php Line: 24 Function: _error_handler File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/views/page/index.php Line: 479 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /var/www/wikizero/data/www/wikizero.com/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once