List of massacres of Armenians

This is the list of massacres of ethnic Armenians.

List

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Name Date Location Perpetrators Armenian victims
Armenian massacre by Amir Timur 1389-1390 Tataev, Armenia Timurid Empire Timurids 20,000-100,000
Hamidian massacres 1894–1896  Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Ottoman government under Sultan Abdul Hamid II 88,243[1]–300,000[2]
Armenian–Tatar massacres 1905–1907 Russian Empire Baku, Baku Governorate, Elizavetpol Governorate, Erivan Governorate, and Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire Azerbaijani mobs and irregulars 500[citation needed]
Adana massacre April 1909 Ottoman Empire Adana Vilayet and Aleppo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire Muslim mobs 19,479[3]–25,000[4]
Armenian genocide 1915–1923  Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Committee of Union and Progress government 800,000–1,500,000[5][6]
September Days September 1918 Azerbaijan Baku, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
(under Ottoman control at the time) 		Ottoman Empire Army of Islam
Azerbaijani mobs 		10,000–30,000[7]
Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan July 1919 – July 1920 Armenia Ararat, Kars, Nakhichevan, Sharur, Surmalu Azerbaijan Azerbaijani-Turkish soldiers and locals 10,000[8]
Agulis Massacre[a] December 24–25, 1919 Armenia Agulis, First Republic of Armenia Azerbaijan Azerbaijani-Turkish authorities and Azerbaijani mobs and refugees 1,400[9]
Khaibalikend massacre June 1919 Armenia Ghaibalishen, Krkjan Jamilli, and Pahlul villages of Karabakh Council Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Army 700[10]
Shusha massacre March 1920 Azerbaijan Shusha, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Army 500[11]–20,000[12]
Turkish–Armenian War September–December 1920 Armenia First Republic of Armenia Turkey Turkish Nationalist forces 60,000[13]–198,000[14]
Sumgait pogrom February 1988 Soviet Union Sumgayit, Soviet Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijani mobs 26 (official) to 200[15](nonofficial sources)
Kirovabad pogrom November 1988 Soviet Union Kirovabad, Soviet Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijani mobs 10–12 (official)[16] to 130[17](nonofficial sources)
Baku pogrom January 1990 Soviet Union Baku, Soviet Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijani mobs 90[18]
Dushanbe riots February 12–14, 1990 Soviet Union Dushanbe, Soviet Tajikistan Tajik nationalist & Islamist activists 26
Artashevan massacre May 1991 Artashevan, Nagorno-Karabakh Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Armed Forces 300
Maraga massacre 10 April 1992 Maraga, Nagorno-Karabakh Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Armed Forces 50–100[19][20][21]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ As part of the Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan.

References

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  1. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). Armenia on the road to independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 267. ISBN 0-520-00574-0. OCLC 825110.
  2. ^ Akçam, Taner (2006) A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility p. 42, Metropolitan Books, New York ISBN 978-0-8050-7932-6
  3. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). Armenia on the road to independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 268. ISBN 0-520-00574-0. OCLC 825110. In the report of Hakob Papikian, member of Parliament and the Inquiry, the number of victims given is 21,000, of whom 19,479 were Armenian, 850 Syrian, 422 Chaldean, and 250 Greek.
  4. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015). "They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4008-6558-1.
  5. ^ Bijak, Jakub; Lubman, Sarah (2016). "The Disputed Numbers: In Search of the Demographic Basis for Studies of Armenian Population Losses, 1915–1923". The Armenian Genocide Legacy. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 26–43. ISBN 978-1-137-56163-3.
  6. ^ Morris, Benny; Ze’evi, Dror (2019). The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924. Harvard University Press. p. 486. ISBN 978-0-674-91645-6.
  7. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 227, 312, note 36. ISBN 0-520-00574-0.
  8. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
  9. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). "The Doom of Akulis". The Republic of Armenia, Vol. II: From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 207–238. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
  10. ^ Wright, John F. R. (1996). Transcaucasian Boundaries. Psychology Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780203214473.
  11. ^ Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920 p. 152
  12. ^ "The Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis: A Blueprint for Resolution" (PDF). Public International Law & Policy Group and the New England Center for International Law & Policy. June 2000. p. 3. In August 1919, the Karabagh National Council entered into a provisional treaty agreement with the Azerbaijani government. Despite signing the Agreement, the Azerbaijani government continuously violated the terms of the treaty. This culminated in March 1920 with the Azerbaijanis' massacre of Armenians in Karabagh's former capital, Shushi, in which it is estimated that more than 20,000 Armenians were killed.
  13. ^ The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-57181-666-6.
  14. ^ Akçam, Taner (2007). A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. pp. 327. - Profile at Google Books
  15. ^ "Senate and House Members Condemn Sumgait and Baku Massacres". Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  16. ^ Yuri Rost, "Armenian Tragedy", London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990, p. 82.
  17. ^ Parks, Michael (27 November 1988). "Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians : General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis". LA Times. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  18. ^ de Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8147-1945-9. Around ninety Armenians died in the Baku pogroms.
  19. ^ De Waal. Black Garden, p. 176.
  20. ^ Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (1994). Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch. p. 6. ISBN 1-56432-142-8.
  21. ^ Amnesty International. "Azerbaydzhan: Hostages in the Karabakh conflict: Civilians Continue to Pay the Price ." Amnesty International. April 1993 (POL 10/01/93), p. 9.
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