Republic Day (Turkey)
| Republic Day | |
|---|---|
 Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Bosporus in 2007, take place across Turkey on Republic Day. | |
| Official name | Cumhuriyet Bayramı (Turkish) |
| Also called | The twenty-ninth of October (Turkish: Yirmi Dokuz Ekim) |
| Observed by |  Turkey Northern Cyprus |
| Type | National |
| Significance | The day in 1923 that the republic was proclaimed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey |
| Celebrations | Fireworks, concerts, parades, events at schools, cultural programmes |
| Date | 29 October |
| Next time | 29 October 2025 |
| Frequency | Annual |
| First time | 1923 |
Republic Day (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Bayramı) is a public holiday in Turkey commemorating the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, on 29 October 1923. The annual celebrations start at 1:00 pm on 28 October and continue for 35 hours.[1]
Background
[edit]The holiday commemorates the events of 29 October 1923, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared that Turkey was henceforth a republic.[2] Turkey had de facto been a republic since 23 April 1920, the date of the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, but the official confirmation of this fact came three-and-a-half years later.[3] On 29 October 1923, the status of the nation as a republic was declared and its official name was proclaimed to be Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ("the Republic of Turkey").[3] After that, a vote was held in the Grand National Assembly, and Atatürk was elected as the first President of the Republic of Turkey.[2][4]
Customs
[edit]Republic Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other autumn events, Republic Day celebrations often take place outdoors. According to Law No. 2429 of 1981, Republic Day is a national holiday, so all public institution are closed on that day.[5] It is also observed by Northern Cyprus.[6]
Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red and white, the colors of the Turkish flag. Anıtkabir is visited by more than a hundred thousand people every year.[7] Parades are often held in the morning, while concerts, and fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.[8] Republic Day fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs such as the 10th Anniversary March.[9] Istanbul has the largest fireworks display in the country.[citation needed] It generally holds displays over the Bosporus.[10] Other major displays are in Ankara in Ulus; and in İzmir over the Gulf of İzmir and Gündoğdu Square.[11][12]
The 2023 Republic Centennial featured among others the return of the yearly parade in Ankara and a fleet review of Turkish Navy assets in Istanbul.[13]
Tenth year speech
[edit]The tenth year speech was the speech given by the President of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, at the celebrations of the tenth anniversary of the republic's establishment.[14] This was a speech that not only gives an account of the Turkish War of Independence, in other words, tells about whom, why and how the national struggle was waged,[15] but also contains important information about what should be done and what will be done in the phase of this struggle after the establishment of the Republic.[16][17]
Celebration gallery
[edit]-
Mustafa Kemal's 1933 speech at the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey, left to right: Chief of General Staff Mareşal Fevzi (Çakmak), President Gazi Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Speaker of the Grand National Assembly Kâzım Köprülü (Özalp), Prime Minister İsmet (İnönü) -
Men marching in traditional seymen costumes (2008) -
Military parade during Republic Day celebrations in Ankara (2012) -
Fatih Vatan Spor women's football players on Republic Day (2018) -
Republic Day Parade in Ankara (2012) -
Celebrations at Ortaköy, Istanbul (2013)
.jpg)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Marat Terterov, Turkey: A Business And Investment Review, GMB Publishing Ltd, 2006, p. 94.
- ^ a b "Declaration of the Turkish republic". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ a b Hamza, Eroğlu (July 2003). "Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin İlânı" (PDF). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi (in Turkish). Vol. 9, no. 56. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ Ergül, Coşkun (4 August 2014). "1923'ten günümüze Cumhurbaşkanı seçimleri" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ "Ulusal Bayram ve Genel Tatiller Hakkında Kanun" (PDF) (in Turkish). mevzuat.gov.tr. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı KKTC'de de kutlanıyor..." Kıbrıs Postası (in Turkish). 29 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "Yüz binler Ata'ya koştu". Milliyet (in Turkish). 30 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "Türkiye uyumadı! Cumhuriyet Bayramı gece de kutlandı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 29 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamaları dünden itibaren başladı". Sözcü (in Turkish). 28 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamalarının bu yılki adresi yine İstanbul Boğazı". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 27 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "Büyükşehir'den Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlaması". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 28 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "İzmir'de 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı coşkuyla kutlandı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 29 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ Agencies, Daily Sabah with (29 October 2023). "Turkish navy conducts its largest parade to honor republic's 100 years". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- ^ "Republic's Tenth Anniversary Speech". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ Uluğ, NUTKU. ATATÜRK'ÜN ONUNCU YIL SÖYLEVİNİN FELSEFİ ÖNEMİ. Muğla Üniversitesi.
- ^ "10. Yıl Nutku". www.ktb.gov.tr. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Onuncu Yıl Nutku". Atatürk Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). 3 March 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
External links
[edit]
- Thirty poems that highlight the beauty and virtues of Republic Day. in muallimce (Teaching Language). (in Turkish)
| Current |
|
|---|---|
| Former |
|
