鎳的同位素
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| 標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鎳（原子量：58.6934(2)）共有24個同位素，其中有5個是穩定的。
圖表
[编辑]| 符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量（u） [n 1][n 2] | 半衰期 [n 1][n 2] | 衰變 方式[2] | 衰變 產物 [n 3] | 原子核 自旋[n 1] | 相對豐度 （莫耳分率）[n 2] | 相對豐度 的變化量 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激發能量[n 2] | |||||||||
| 48 Ni | 28 | 20 | 48.01975(54)# | 10# ms [>500 ns] | 0+ | ||||
| 49 Ni | 28 | 21 | 49.00966(43)# | 13(4) ms [12(+5-3) ms] | 7/2−# | ||||
| 50 Ni | 28 | 22 | 49.99593(28)# | 9.1(18) ms | β+ | 50 Co | 0+ | ||
| 51 Ni | 28 | 23 | 50.98772(28)# | 30# ms [>200 ns] | β+ | 51 Co | 7/2−# | ||
| 52 Ni | 28 | 24 | 51.97568(9)# | 38(5) ms | β+ (83%) | 52 Co | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (17%) | 51 Fe | ||||||||
| 53 Ni | 28 | 25 | 52.96847(17)# | 45(15) ms | β+ (55%) | 53 Co | (7/2−)# | ||
| β+, p (45%) | 52 Fe | ||||||||
| 54 Ni | 28 | 26 | 53.95791(5) | 104(7) ms | β+ | 54 Co | 0+ | ||
| 55 Ni | 28 | 27 | 54.951330(12) | 204.7(17) ms | β+ | 55 Co | 7/2− | ||
| 56 Ni | 28 | 28 | 55.942132(12) | 6.075(10) d | β+ | 56 Co | 0+ | ||
| 57 Ni | 28 | 29 | 56.9397935(19) | 35.60(6) h | β+ | 57 Co | 3/2− | ||
| 58 Ni | 28 | 30 | 57.9353429(7) | 觀測上穩定[n 4] | 0+ | 0.680769(89) | |||
| 59 Ni | 28 | 31 | 58.9343467(7) | 7.6(5)×104 y | ε (99%) | 59 Co | 3/2− | ||
| β+ (1.5x10−5%)[3] | |||||||||
| 60 Ni | 28 | 32 | 59.9307864(7) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.262231(77) | |||
| 61 Ni | 28 | 33 | 60.9310560(7) | 稳定 | 3/2− | 0.011399(6) | |||
| 62 Ni [n 5] | 28 | 34 | 61.9283451(6) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.036345(17) | |||
| 63 Ni | 28 | 35 | 62.9296694(6) | 100.1(20) y | β− | 63 Cu | 1/2− | ||
| 63m Ni | 87.15(11) keV | 1.67(3) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
| 64 Ni | 28 | 36 | 63.9279660(7) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.009256(9) | |||
| 65 Ni | 28 | 37 | 64.9300843(7) | 2.5172(3) h | β− | 65 Cu | 5/2− | ||
| 65m Ni | 63.37(5) keV | 69(3) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
| 66 Ni | 28 | 38 | 65.9291393(15) | 54.6(3) h | β− | 66 Cu | 0+ | ||
| 67 Ni | 28 | 39 | 66.931569(3) | 21(1) s | β− | 67 Cu | 1/2− | ||
| 67m Ni | 1007(3) keV | 13.3(2) µs | β− | 67 Cu | 9/2+ | ||||
| IT | 67Ni | ||||||||
| 68 Ni | 28 | 40 | 67.931869(3) | 29(2) s | β− | 68 Cu | 0+ | ||
| 68m1 Ni | 1770.0(10) keV | 276(65) ns | 0+ | ||||||
| 68m2 Ni | 2849.1(3) keV | 860(50) µs | 5- | ||||||
| 69 Ni | 28 | 41 | 68.935610(4) | 11.5(3) s | β− | 69 Cu | 9/2+ | ||
| 69m1 Ni | 321(2) keV | 3.5(4) s | β− | 69 Cu | (1/2−) | ||||
| IT | 69Ni | ||||||||
| 69m2 Ni | 2701(10) keV | 439(3) ns | (17/2−) | ||||||
| 70 Ni | 28 | 42 | 69.93650(37) | 6.0(3) s | β− | 70 Cu | 0+ | ||
| 70m Ni | 2860(2) keV | 232(1) ns | 8+ | ||||||
| 71 Ni | 28 | 43 | 70.94074(40) | 2.56(3) s | β− | 71 Cu | 1/2−# | ||
| 72 Ni | 28 | 44 | 71.94209(47) | 1.57(5) s | β− (>99.9%) | 72 Cu | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (<.1%) | 71 Cu | ||||||||
| 73 Ni | 28 | 45 | 72.94647(32)# | 0.84(3) s | β− (>99.9%) | 73 Cu | (9/2+) | ||
| β−, n (<.1%) | 72 Cu | ||||||||
| 74 Ni | 28 | 46 | 73.94807(43)# | 0.68(18) s | β− (>99.9%) | 74 Cu | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (<.1%) | 73 Cu | ||||||||
| 75 Ni | 28 | 47 | 74.95287(43)# | 0.6(2) s | β− (98.4%) | 75 Cu | (7/2+)# | ||
| β−, n (1.6%) | 74 Cu | ||||||||
| 76 Ni | 28 | 48 | 75.95533(97)# | 470(390) ms [0.24(+55-24) s] | β− (>99.9%) | 76 Cu | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (<.1%) | 75 Cu | ||||||||
| 77 Ni | 28 | 49 | 76.96055(54)# | 300# ms [>300 ns] | β− | 77 Cu | 9/2+# | ||
| 78 Ni | 28 | 50 | 77.96318(118)# | 120# ms [>300 ns] | β− | 78 Cu | 0+ | ||
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 被认为会双β衰变成58Fe，半衰期超过7×1020年
- ^ 在所有核素中有最高每一核子结合能
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 鈷的同位素 | 鎳的同位素 | 銅的同位素 |
参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-13]. （原始内容
存档于2017-02-19）. - ^ I. Gresits; S. Tölgyesi. Determination of soft X-ray emitting isotopes in radioactive liquid wastes of nuclear power plants. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. September 2003, 258 (1): 107–112 [2015-09-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-21）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.