Genocidium

Genocidium,^[1] pura Latinitate internecio gentis, est ordinata considerataque populi, gentis, religionis, vel actus civitatis exstinctionis. Actio scelus contra humanitatem definitur.

Genocide, vox Anglica anno 1943 excogitata a Raphaele Lemkin (1900–1959) est, viro Polono Iudaeoque legis prudens, apud Holocaustum, ex verbo Graeco génos (idem e quo Latine genus) et radice Latina -cid- ex occidere (vicissim e caedere), exemplo verbi homicidium (hominem occidere).

In Noah (1933), Lemkin scripsit commentarium "Crime of Barbarity" (Crimen crudelitatis), qui generis occidionem depinxit maleficium contra ius inter civitates. Haec maleficii notio, quae non ita multo post facta est notio generis occidionis, orta est in historia Assyriorum trucidatorum in caede apud Simele in Iraquia die 11 Augusti 1933. In animo Lemkin, hic casus "memorias caedis Armenianae" per primum bellum mundanum evocavit.

Ad Consilium Legitimum Societatis Civitatum Matriti eodem anno primam rogationem ut tales "actus saevitiae" interdicantur obtulit, sed a gubernatione Polonica (tunc Germaniam nazistam placante) condemnata, rogatio defecit.^[2] Anno 1948 Conventio de Prohibitione Cohercitioneque Criminum Genocidii decreta est contra genocidium ac Iudicium Internationale Criminale genocidium crimen contra humanitatem definit.

• Chalk, Frank, et Kurt Jonassohn. 1990. The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. Novus Portus: Yale University Press.
• Israel W. Charny. 1999. Encyclopedia of Genocide. ABC-Clio Inc. ISBN 0-87436-928-2.
• Daniele Conversi. 2005. "Genocide, ethnic cleansing, and nationalism." In Handbook of Nations and Nationalism. Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar ediderunt, 1, pp. 319–333. Londini: Sage Publications.
• Barbara Harff. 2003. Early Warning of Communal Conflict and Genocide: Linking Empirical Research to International Responses. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-9840-1.
• M. Hassan Kakar. 1995. Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08591-4.
• Michael J. Kelly. 2005. Nowhere to Hide: Defeat of the Sovereign Immunity Defense for Crimes of Genocide & the Trials of Slobodan Milosevic and Saddam Hussein. Peter Lang.
• Alexander Laban. 2002.; Genocide: An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-22355-X.
• Catharine A. MacKinnon. 2006. Are Women Human?: And Other International Dialogues. Belknap Press, Harvard University Press.
• Samantha Powers. 2003. "A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide. Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-054164-4.
• Gavriel D. Rosenfeld. 1999. "The Politics of Uniqueness: Reflections on the Recent Polemical Turn in Holocaust and Genocide Scholarship." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 13(1):28–61.
• R. J. Rummel. 1997. Death by Government. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-927-6.
• Martin Shaw. 2007. What is Genocide? Cambridge: Polity Press.
• Lyal S. Sunga. 1997. The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation. Kluwer. ISBN 90-411-0472-0.
• Lyal S. Sunga. 1992. Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations. Nijhoff. ISBN 0-7923-1453-0.
• Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, et Israel W. Charny. 2004. Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. Editio altera. Routledge.
• Valentino, Benjamin A. 2004. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3965-5.