Overview of the events of 1919 in science
The year 1919 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy [ edit ] Chemistry [ edit ] History of science [ edit ] Mathematics [ edit ] Medicine [ edit ] Physics [ edit ] Psychology [ edit ] Technology [ edit ] First crossings of the Atlantic Ocean by air. May 8–27 – United States Navy Curtiss flying boat NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read makes the first transatlantic flight , from Naval Air Station Rockaway to Lisbon via Newfoundland and the Azores . June 14–15 – A Vickers Vimy flown by John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown makes the first nonstop transatlantic flight , from St. John's, Newfoundland , to Clifden , Ireland. July 2–6 – British airship R34 makes the first transatlantic flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from RAF East Fortune , Scotland , to Mineola, New York . May 29 – Charles Strite files a United States patent for the electric pop-up bread toaster .[10] October 17 – Dr. Frank Conrad begins broadcasting from 8XK in Pittsburgh (United States). Lee De Forest files his first United States patent for the Phonofilm sound-on-film process. United States firearms designer John Browning finalizes the design of the M1919 Browning machine gun . United States firearms designer John T. Thompson finalizes the design of the Thompson submachine gun . A United States patent for the self-folding shirt collar is obtained by the Phillips-Jones Corporation . January 23 – Hans Hass (died 2013 ), Austrian zoologist and oceanographer.[11] February 25 – Karl H. Pribram (died 2015 ), Austrian-American neuroscientist. April 1 – Joseph Murray (died 2012 ), American Nobel Prize -winning transplant surgeon. June 22 – Henri Tajfel (died 1982 ), Polish -born social psychologist . July 26 – James Lovelock (died 2022 ), English environmentalist and futurologist . August 12 – Margaret Burbidge , born Eleanor Margaret Peachey (died 2020 ), English-born American astronomer . August 30 – Maurice Hilleman (died 2005 ), American vaccinologist .[12] September 6 – Wilson Greatbatch (died 2011 ), American biomedical engineer . September 21 – Mario Bunge (died 2020 ), Argentine -born philosopher of science. November 10 – Mikhail Kalashnikov (died 2013), Russian small arms designer. December 8 – Kateryna Yushchenko (died 2001 ), Ukrainian computer scientist and academic.[13] January 15 – Rosa Luxemburg (born 1871 ), Polish Marxist theorist , philosopher , economist , anti-war activist , and revolutionary socialist . February 19 – Frederick DuCane Godman (born 1834 ), English lepidopterist , entomologist and ornithologist . April 4 – Sir William Crookes (born 1832 ), English chemist and physicist . April 8 – Loránd Eötvös (born 1848 ), Hungarian physicist. April 17 – Bernhard Sigmund Schultze (born 1827 ), German obstetrician . May 8 – LaMarcus Adna Thompson (born 1848), American inventor. c. June 1 – Caroline Still Anderson (born 1848), African American physician, educator and activist. June 30 – John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (born 1842 ), English Nobel Prize -winning physicist. July 15 – Emil Fischer (born 1852 ), German Nobel Prize-winning chemist (suicide ). July 21 – Gustaf Retzius (born 1842 ), Swedish anatomist . August 8 – Ernst Haeckel (born 1834 ), German zoologist . August 23 – Augustus George Vernon Harcourt (born 1834), English chemist. November 23 – Henry Gantt (born 1861 ), American project engineer . December 16 – Julia Lermontova (born 1846 ), Russian chemist. December 29 – Sir William Osler (born 1849 ), Canadian-born physician . References [ edit ] ^ Hale, George E.; Ellerman, Ferdinand; Nicholson, S. B.; Joy, A. H. (April 1919). "The Magnetic Polarity of Sun-Spots" . The Astrophysical Journal . 49 : 153. Bibcode :1919ApJ....49..153H . doi :10.1086/142452 . ^ Charbonneau, P.; White, O. R. (1995-04-18). "Hale's Sunspot Polarity Law" . www2.hao.ucar.edu . High Altitude Observatory . Archived from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-20 . ^ Langmuir, Irving (1919). "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules" . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 41 (6): 868–934. doi :10.1021/ja02227a002 . ^ Dyson, F. W.; Eddington, A. S.; Davidson, C. R. (1920). "A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences . 220 (571–581): 291–333. Bibcode :1920RSPTA.220..291D . doi :10.1098/rsta.1920.0009 . Paper received October 30, read November 6, published April 27, 1920. ^ Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft .; Mehra, Jagdish ; Rechenberg, Helmut (1982). The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Vol. 1, Part 1: The Quantum Theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld 1900–1925: its Foundation and the Rise of Its Difficulties . Springer. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-387-95174-4 . ^ hirschfeld.in-berlin.de, The first Institute for Sexual Science . ^ Famous GLBT & GLBTI People – Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld stonewallsociety. ^ Grossmann, Atina. Reforming Sex . Oxford University Press, 1995. ^ In Memory of Arthur Kronfeld . ^ Charles Panati (15 August 2016). Panati's Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things . Book Sales. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-7858-3437-3 . ^ Vitello, Paul (July 7, 2013). "Hans Hass, 94, early explorer of the world beneath the sea" . The New York Times . p. A18. Retrieved 23 March 2014 . ^ Dove, Alan (April 2005). "Maurice Hilleman" . Nature Medicine . 11 (4): S2. doi :10.1038/nm1223 . ISSN 1546-170X . PMID 15812484 . S2CID 13028372 . ^ Perevozchikova, O. L. (2009). "Ekaterina Logvinovna Yushchenko". Cybernetics and Systems Analysis . 45 (6): 843.