1958 Southern Rhodesian general election

Politics of Rhodesia
Political history — Overview 1890–1923  BSA Company rule 1923–1980  Southern Rhodesia 1953–1963  Rhodesia–Nyasaland Federation 1965–1979  Rhodesia under UDI  1979  Zimbabwe Rhodesia (under UDI)
Government Governor / Queen / President Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Cabinet
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Political parties African National Congress Communist Party Labour Party Liberal Party Rhodesia Party Rhodesian Action Party Rhodesian Front United African National Council United Federal Party Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)
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General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 5 June 1958 for the seats in the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly. Although the Dominion Party received the most votes, the result was a victory for the ruling United Federal Party, which won 17 seats. The revived United Rhodesia Party under the leadership of former Prime Minister Sir Garfield Todd failed to win a single seat.^[1]

The thirty members of the Legislative Assembly were elected from single-member constituencies by alternative vote, with voters able to list candidates in order of preference.^[2] This replaced the first-past-the-post system used in previous elections.

The elections were held using a restrictive franchise, which was divided into 'ordinary' voters and 'special' voters, although both voted for the same set of candidates. Ordinary voters were required to have a minimum income of £720 per annum or be literate and own £1,500 of property, or have a minimum income of £480, own £1,000 of property and have completed primary education, or have a minimum income of £300 (or own £500 of property) and have completed four years of secondary education.^[2]

The special voter category was a new concept introduced for the 1958 elections, with a lower requirement of having an income of at least £240 a year and being literate, or having had an income of £120 a year for two years and having completed two years of secondary education. However, the number special voters was capped at one-sixth of the electoral roll in each constituency.^[2] If the number of special voters exceeded one-sixth of the electorate, the number of votes cast by special voters was devalued by an amount that would result in their votes equalling one-sixth of those cast.^[2]

The restrictions meant that out of a population of around 2.3 million, only 3,000 Africans qualified to vote (1,500 as ordinary voters and 1,500 as special voters). Many of the 178,000 Europeans in the territory were unable to vote as they were not British citizens, but 74,000 qualified as ordinary voters and 1,500 as special voters. From a population of 13,000 Asian and mixed-race residents, 1,500 qualified as ordinary voters and 8,000 as special voters. Overall, 88,000 people were qualified to vote from a population of around 2.5 million.^[2]

Had the alternative vote system not been introduced, the Dominion Party would have won the elections with 17 of the 30 seats. However, when preferences were taken into account, it won only 13.^[2]