1970 in science
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The year 1970 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
[edit]- February 11 – The Ohsumi satellite is launched, making Japan the fourth country to launch a satellite into orbit.
- March 31 – The Explorer 1 satellite reenters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
- April 11 – The Apollo 13 space mission is launched, but has to be aborted on April 13.
- April 17 – Apollo 13 returns safely to Earth.
- June 1 – Soyuz 9, a two-man spacecraft, is launched from the Soviet Union for an orbital flight of nearly 18 days, an endurance record at this time.
- August 31 – Solar eclipse of August 31, 1970: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Oceania, and is the 14th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 144.
- September 20 – Luna 16 lands on the Moon and lifts off the next day with samples, landing back on Earth September 24.
- October 20 – The Zond 8 lunar orbiter is launched by the Soviet Union.
- November 17 – Lunokhod 1, the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world, lands on Mare Imbrium on the Moon after being released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
- December 15 – Venera 7 lands on Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to transmit data from another planet successfully (launched August 17).
Biology
[edit]- August – Songs of the Humpback Whale, produced by Roger Payne, is released, publicly demonstrating whale vocalization for the first time and becoming influential in public support for whale conservation.[1][2][3][4]
- The Parc naturel régional de Camargue is established in the south of France.
Chemistry
[edit]- August – Ulrich K. Laemmli's refinement of the SDS-PAGE method is published.[5]
Computer science
[edit]- January 1 – Unix time begins at 00:00:00 UTC.
- June – The Datapoint 2200 is announced by the Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC).
- June–August – The programming language FLOW is devised by Jef Raskin.
- November 17 – The first United States patent for the computer mouse is issued to Douglas Engelbart.[6]
- Bomber by Len Deighton, the first novel written on a word processor (the IBM MT/ST), is published in England.[7]
- The first Pascal compiler is released by Niklaus Wirth.[8]
- The Xerox PARC computer laboratory is opened in Palo Alto, California.
Earth sciences
[edit]- January 4 – The Tonghai earthquake (7.1 Mw ) occurs in Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, killing an estimated 14,621 and injuring 26,783.[citation needed]
- May 24 – Drilling on the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins on the Kola Peninsula of Russia.
Mathematics
[edit]- Conway's Game of Life is devised by John Horton Conway.[9]
- Kurt Gödel's ontological proof of the existence of God is circulated.[10]
Medicine
[edit]- The Dubowitz Score for estimating the gestational age of babies is published by Lilly and Victor Dubowitz.[11]
- The Exeter hip replacement stem is first implanted at the Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital in Exeter, England.[12]
- The first case of monkeypox in humans is identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[13]
Physics
[edit]- The GIM mechanism is predicted by Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani.[14]
Psychology
[edit]- The minimal group paradigm is developed by Henri Tajfel.
- Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume I is published by Konrad Lorenz.
Technology
[edit]- June 2 – The Cleddau Bridge collapses during construction in Wales, killing four and leading to the introduction of new standards for box girder bridges in the United Kingdom.[15][16]
Events
[edit]- June 19 – The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is signed into international law, providing a unified procedure for filing patent applications.
Awards
[edit]- Fields Prize in Mathematics – Alan Baker, Heisuke Hironaka, Sergei Novikov and John Griggs Thompson
- Nobel Prizes:
- Turing Award – James H. Wilkinson
Births
[edit]- March 27 – Eleanor Maguire, Irish-born neuropsychologist.
- August 1 – Elon Lindenstrauss, Israeli mathematician.
- September 3 – Stanislav Smirnov, Russian-born mathematician.
Deaths
[edit]- January 5 – Max Born (b. 1882), German physicist and recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in physics.[17]
- January 27 – Marietta Blau (b. 1894), Austrian physicist.[18]
- April 27 – Orii Hyōjirō (b. 1883), Japanese animal specimen collector.
- May 1 – Ralph Hartley (b. 1888), American electrical engineer.
- July 20 – Margaret Reed Lewis (b. 1881), American cell biologist.
- July 29 – Emanuel Miller (b. 1892), English child psychiatrist.
- August 1 – Otto Heinrich Warburg (b. 1883), German physiologist and winner of the 1931 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.[19]
- September 22 – Vojtěch Jarník (b. 1897), Czech mathematician.
References
[edit]- ^ McLellan, Joseph (1977-12-26). "It's a Whale of a Song". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ Andersen, Kurt. "How Pop Music Helped Save the Whales". Studio 360. Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
- ^ Rothenberg, David. "Nature's greatest hit: The old and new songs of the humpback whale". The Wire.
- ^ Lewis, Tim (2020-12-06). "'It always hits me hard': how a haunting album helped save the whales". The Observer. London – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ Laemmli, U. K. (1970). "Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4". Nature. 227 (5259): 680–685. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..680L. doi:10.1038/227680a0. PMID 5432063. S2CID 3105149.
- ^ U.S. patent 3,541,541.
- ^ Kirschenbaum, Matthew (2013-03-01). "The Book-Writing Machine: What was the first novel ever written on a word processor?". Slate. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
- ^ Wirth, Niklaus (2000). "The Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives". Modular Programming Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1897. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1007/10722581_1. ISBN 978-3-540-67958-5.
- ^ Gardner, Martin (October 1970). Mathematical Games – The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life". Vol. 223. pp. 120–123. ISBN 0-89454-001-7. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Dawson, John W. Jr. (1997). Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Godel. Wellesley, Mass.: A. K. Peters Ltd. ISBN 1-56881-025-3.
- ^ Mercuri, Eugenio (2016-05-08). "Lilly Dubowitz obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ Timperley, A. John (2017-10-20). "Robin Ling obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
- ^ "Monkeypox". CDC. 2015-05-11. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-10-15.
- ^ Glashow, S. L.; Iliopoulos, J.; Maiani, L. (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D. 2 (7): 1285–1292. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...2.1285G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ Department of the Environment (Merrison Committee of Inquiry) (1973). Inquiry into the Basis of Design and Method of Erection of Steel Box Girder Bridges. London: HMSO.
- ^ "How safe are our bridges?". BBC News Online. BBC. 2007-08-03. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
- ^ "Nobel prize winner dies". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (Pennsylvania, U.S.). Associated Press. 6 January 1970. p. 26.
- ^ Halpen, Leopold E. (1997). "Marietta Blau". In Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (eds.). A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-77351-642-7.
- ^ Roswitha Schmid; Hans Adolf Krebs (1981). Otto Warburg: Cell Physiologist, Biochemist, and Eccentric. Clarendon Press. p. v.