20s

Remains of the Castra Praetoria, built in 23 AD by Lucius Aelius Sejanus

The 20s decade ran from January 1, AD 20, to December 31, AD 29.

In Europe, the 20s saw revolts by the Aedui, Thracian tribesmen, and the Frisians against the Roman Empire. In North Africa, Tacfarinas, a Numidian Berber deserter, led the Musulamii tribe and a loose and changing coalition of other Berber tribes in revolt, before being defeated in AD 24. In China, the Xin dynasty collapsed and the Eastern Han dynasty was established. In Korea, Daemusin of Goguryeo annexed Dongbuyeo and killed its king Daeso.

In science, the 20s saw the manufacture of pens and metal writing tools in Rome. Major disasters of this decade include a fire in Rome, and the collapse of a poorly built amphitheatre in Fidenae, which killed 20,000 of the 50,000 spectators. In 27, Christianity was born as a Jewish sect in Jerusalem. Geographica, an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge created by Strabo, was finished no later than AD 23.

Manning (2008) tentatively estimates the world population in AD 20 as 246 million.

Demographics

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Due to lack of reliable demographic data, estimates of the world population in the 1st century vary wildly, with estimates for AD 1 varying from 150[1] to 300[2] million. Demographers typically do not attempt to estimate most specific years in antiquity, instead giving approximate numbers for round years such as AD 1 or AD 200. However, attempts at reconstructing the world population in more specific years have been made, with Manning (2008) tentatively estimating the world population in AD 20 as 246 million.[3]

Events

By place

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Roman Empire
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By topic

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By place

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Roman Empire
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Korea
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By topic

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Art and Science
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  • The manufacture of pens and metal writing tools begins in Rome (approximate date).

By place

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Roman Empire
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By place

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Roman Empire
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China
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  • Liu Xuan, a descendant of the Han dynasty royal family and leader of insurgents against the Xin dynasty, proclaims himself emperor against Wang Mang.[10]
  • July – After being under siege for two months, about 19,000 insurgents under Liu Xiu defeat 450,000 of Wang Mang's troops in the Battle of Kunyang, ushering in the fall of Wang Mang's Xin dynasty and restoration of the Han dynasty.[11]
  • October 6 – Emperor Liu Xuan's forces kill Wang Mang at the end of a three-day siege.

By place

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Roman Empire
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  • The Senate expels actors from Rome.
Asia
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  • In the Kingdom of Silla, which compromises most of the eastern Korean peninsula, Yuri of the House of Park becomes the new monarch (the chachaung). King Yuri takes the throne at the capital, Seorabeo (now Gyeongju in South Korea) upon the death of his father, King Namhae.
Korea
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Africa
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By place

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Roman Empire
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China
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By place

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Roman Empire
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By place

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Roman Empire
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By topic

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Religion
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By place

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Germania
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Korea
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Judea
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By place

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Roman Empire
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By topic

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Religion
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Significant people

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Births

AD 22

AD 23

AD 25

AD 27

AD 28

Deaths

AD 20

AD 21

AD 22

AD 23

AD 24

AD 25

AD 26

AD 27

AD 28

AD 29

References

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  1. ^ John H. Tanton, 1994, "End of the Migration Epoch? Time For a New Paradigm", The Social Contract, Vol. 4 (no 3), pp. 162–173.
  2. ^ Haub (1995): "By 1 A.D., the world may have held about 300 million people. One estimate of the population of the Roman Empire, from Spain to Asia Minor, in 14 A.D. is 45 million. However, other historians set the figure twice as high, suggesting how imprecise population estimates of early historical periods can be."
  3. ^ Manning, Scott (2008-01-12). "Year-by-Year World Population Estimates: 10,000 B.C. to 2007 A.D." Historian on the Warpath. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
  4. ^ Robert K. Sherk, ed. (1984). Rome and the Greek East to the death of Augustus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24995-3. OCLC 9197359.
  5. ^ Jasiński, Jakub; Bak, Marcin. "Rebellion of Florus and Sacrovir in Gaul (21 CE) « IMPERIUM ROMANUM". Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  6. ^ Williams, Rose (2013). Caesar's Blood: Greek Tragedy in Roman Life. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-61041-102-8.
  7. ^ Roller, Duane W. (1998). The building program of Herod the Great. University of California Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-520-20934-3.
  8. ^ Bunson, Matthew (2002). Encyclopedia of the Roman empire (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-0-8160-4562-4.
  9. ^ Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004). Handbook to life in ancient Rome (2nd ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8160-5026-0.
  10. ^ Giele, Enno (2006). Imperial decision-making and communication in early China: a study of Cai Yong's Duduan. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 218. ISBN 978-3-447-05334-1.
  11. ^ Schram, Stuart R. (1992). Mao's road to power: revolutionary writings 1912–1949. Vol. 1. M.E. Sharpe. p. 366. ISBN 978-1-56324-457-5.
  12. ^ Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), p. 459
  13. ^ Jacobo Rodríguez Garrido, "Imperial Legislation Concerning Junian Latins: From Tiberius to the Severan Dynasty," in Junian Latinity in the Roman Empire, Volume 1: History, Law, Literature, Edinburgh Studies in Ancient Slavery (Edinburgh University Press, 2023), p. 106.
  14. ^ a b "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  15. ^ Gawlinski, Laura (2011-12-23). The Sacred Law of Andania: A New Text with Commentary. Walter de Gruyter. p. 12. ISBN 978-3-11-026814-0.
  16. ^ Smith, William (1868). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. James Walton. p. 345.
  17. ^ Kang-i Sun Chang; Stephen Owen, eds. (2010). The Cambridge history of Chinese literature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11677-0. OCLC 410227423.
  18. ^ Tacitus, The Annals 4.46-4.51
  19. ^ Tacitus, The Annals 4.64
  20. ^ Tacitus, The Annals 4.63
  21. ^ Tacitus, The Annals 4.73
  22. ^ a b "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  23. ^ a b Colin Humphreys, The Mystery of the Last Supper Cambridge University Press 2011 ISBN 978-0-521-73200-0, page 65
  24. ^ "Chronology of the Life of Jesus Christ". Catholic Encyclopedia.
  25. ^ An Answer to the Jews, ch.8, which places it in the year when Lucius Rubellius Geminus and Gaius Fufius Geminus served as Consuls
  26. ^ Perry, Curtis (2008). Eros and Power in English Renaissance Drama: Five Plays by Marlowe, Davenant, Massinger, Ford and Shakespeare. McFarland. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-7864-3165-6.
  27. ^ Healy, John F. (1999). Pliny the Elder on science and technology. Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-814687-2.
  28. ^ Török, László (1997). The kingdom of Kush : handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic civilization. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-10448-8. OCLC 36865663.
  29. ^ Tacitus, Publius. "The Annals 2.88". Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  30. ^ Bunson, Matthew (1995). A Dictionary of the Roman Empire. OUP USA. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-19-510233-8.
  31. ^ Lightman, Marjorie; Lightman, Benjamin (2008). A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women. Infobase Publishing. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4381-0794-3.
  32. ^ Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Lintott, Andrew (1996). The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.–A.D. 69 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-521-26430-3.
  33. ^ Clark, Anthony E. (2008). Ban Gu's history of early China. Cambria Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-60497-561-1.
  34. ^ Rocca, Samuel (2008). Herod's Judaea: a Mediterranean state in the classical world. Mohr Siebeck. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-16-149717-9.
  35. ^ Yunis, Harvey (2003). Written texts and the rise of literate culture in ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-521-80930-6.