304th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
| 304th Infantry Brigade | |
|---|---|
 The brigade's insignia, which featured stylised searchlight beams, and the colours of the Royal Artillery. | |
| Active | Formed 22 January 1945 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Infantry Brigade |
| Role | Lines of Communication |
The 304th Infantry Brigade was a formation of the British Army organised from surplus Royal Artillery (RA) personnel retrained as infantry towards the end of the Second World War.
Origin
[edit]By the end of 1944, 21st Army Group was suffering a severe manpower shortage, particularly among the infantry.[1] At the same time the German Luftwaffe was suffering from such shortages of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious aerial attacks on the United Kingdom could be discounted. In January 1945 the War Office began to reorganise surplus anti-aircraft and coastal artillery regiments in the UK into infantry battalions, primarily for line of communication and occupation duties in North West Europe, thereby releasing trained infantry for frontline service.[2][3] The 304th Brigade was one of seven brigades formed from these new units.[4][5]
Composition
[edit]The 304th Infantry Brigade was formed on 22 January 1945 by conversion of the Headquarters of 38th Light Anti-Aircraft Brigade within the 2nd Anti-Aircraft Group. It was commanded by Brigadier C.A.H. Chadwick, followed by Brigadier F.W. Sanders from 24 May 1945, and comprised the following Territorial Army RA units:[4][5]
- 630th (Essex) Infantry Regiment, Royal Artillery formed by 28th (Essex) Searchlight Regiment RA (TA).[6][7][8]
- 637th (The Northamptonshire Regiment) Infantry Regiment, Royal Artillery formed by 50th Searchlight Regiment RA (TA) (The Northamptonshire Regiment), which had originally been converted from the 4th Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment[9][10][11][12]
- 638th (Royal Northumberland Fusiliers) Infantry Regiment, Royal Artillery formed by 53rd (Royal Northumberland Fusiliers) Searchlight Regiment RA (TA), which had originally been converted from 5th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers.[13][14][15][16]
Service
[edit]After infantry training, including a short period attached to the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division, the 304th Brigade was sent to Norway in June 1945 following the liberation of that country (Operation Doomsday).[4]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Ellis, pp. 141–2.
- ^ Ellis, pp. 369, 380.
- ^ "RA 1939-45 Infantry Regts Index". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ a b c Joslen, p. 400.
- ^ a b "RA 1939-45 45 304 Infantry Brigade". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ "RA 1939-45 630 (Essex)Infantry RGT". Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ "RA 1939-45 28 SL RGT". Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "RA 1939-45 637 Infantry RGT". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
- ^ "RA 1939-45 50 SL RGT". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ "Northamptonshire Volunteers [UK]". www.regiments.org. Archived from the original on 1 March 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "British Anti-Aircraft Command, TA on 3 September 1939 :: The Patriot Files :: Dedicated to the preservation of military history".
- ^ "RA 1939-45 638 Infantry RGT". Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ "RA 1939-45 53 SL RGT". Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- ^ "British Anti-Aircraft Command, TA on 3 September 1939 :: The Patriot Files :: Dedicated to the preservation of military history".
- ^ "BBC - WW2 People's War - Shedding Light:410 Coy 5th Royal Northumberland Fusiliers ( 53.S/L Regt. RA)".
References
[edit]- Lionel Ellis, History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West, Volume II: The Defeat of Germany, London: HMSO, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN 1-84574-059-9.
- Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
External sources
[edit]- British Military History website
- Land Forces of Britain, The Empire and Commonwealth
- The Royal Artillery 1939–45 Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- The Patriot Files
- BBC WW2 People's War