Isaac Adaka Boro

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Major Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro (10 September 1938 – 9 May 1968), known as "Boro", was a Nigerian nationalist and soldier of Ijaw descent. He is considered a pioneer of minority rights activism in Nigeria.^[1][2]

Throughout his life, Boro was a university student leader, teacher, policeman, and Nigerian military officer.^[3]

While an undergraduate student of chemistry and student union president at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Boro left school to lead a protest against the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Niger Delta.^[4]

Extraction of resources in the Niger Delta mainly benefited the government of Nigeria and the Eastern region with capital in Enugu but did little for the people of the Niger Delta region.^{[citation needed]}

He formed the Niger Delta Volunteer Force, an armed militia with members consisting mainly of his fellow Ijaw ethnic group. They declared the Niger Delta Republic on February 23, 1966, and fought with federal forces for twelve days before being defeated. He and his comrades were jailed for treason. However, the federal regime of General Yakubu Gowon granted him amnesty on the eve of the Nigerian civil war in May 1967. He then enlisted and was commissioned as a major in the Nigerian army. He fought on the side of the Federal Government but was killed under mysterious circumstances in active service in 1968 at Ogu (near Okrika) in Rivers State.^[5][6]

Niger Delta activists like Ken Saro-Wiwa, Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, and many others often referred to him as a major inspiration.

In his autobiography, The Twelve-Day Revolution, He wrote about his early life:^[7]

"I am reliably informed that I was born at the zero hours of midnight on 10 September 1938, in the oil town of Oloibiri along humid creeks of the Niger Delta. My father was the headmaster of the only mission school there. Before I was old enough to know my surroundings, I was already in a city called Port Harcourt where my father was again the headmaster of another mission school. This was in the early forties. The next environment where I found myself was in my hometown, Kaiama. My father had been sent there to head a school yet again."

On 23 February 1966, he declared the secession of the "Niger Delta Republic":^[8]

"Today is a great day, not only in your lives but also in the history of the Niger Delta. Perhaps, it will be the greatest day in a very long time. This is not because we are going to bring the heavens down, but because we are going to demonstrate to the world what and how we feel about oppression. Remember your 70-year-old grandmother who still farms before she eats; remember also your poverty-stricken people; remember, too, your petroleum which is being pumped out daily from your veins; and then fight for your freedom."

His revolt signified the first armed rebellion against the Federal Republic of Nigeria.^[9] He has been widely cited as an inspiration for both violent and non-violent Niger Delta activists.^[10]

• Isaac Boro Park
• Ken Saro-Wiwa
• Ernest Ikoli