Blanche Thornycroft
Blanche Thornycroft | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 21 December 1873 Hammersmith, Middlesex, England |
| Died | 30 December 1950 |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Marine engineer |
| Employer | John I. Thornycroft & Company |
| Parent(s) | Sir John Isaac Thornycroft Blanche Coules |
Blanche Coules Thornycroft (21 December 1873 – 30 December 1950) was a British naval architect. She was not formally recognised in her lifetime but her role as an "assistant" is now better credited.
Life
[edit]Thornycroft was born in 1873 in Hammersmith into the Thornycroft family, daughter of Blanche Ada (née Coules) (1846–1936) and John Isaac Thornycroft.[1] She had four sisters, Edith Alice (1871–1959), Mary Beatrix (1875–1965), Ada Francis (1877–1965), and Eldred Elizabeth (1879– 1939),[2] and two brothers. Her elder brother was John Edward Thornycroft. Her younger brother, Isaac Thomas (known as Tom) worked at the family firm until 1934. Her uncle was the sculptor Sir Hamo Thornycroft.[3] She was the granddaughter of Thomas Thornycroft and Mary Thornycroft. Her father, John Isaac Thornycroft, was knighted in 1902.[4]
Naval Architecture
[edit]Although Blanche Thornycroft did not keep regular hours at her father's business, it is acknowledged that she made an unsung contribution to the business. She was trained in the same way as an apprentice would be trained and she was known as her father's assistant. Analysis however of correspondence with her brother and father reveal that she was regarded as a maths expert and her work was well regarded.[5]
The Thornycroft family home in Bembridge had a model ship testing facility in its grounds, built in 1884, but disguised as a decorative water system known as “The Lilypond”. This was used for complex testing of model ships until 1909, when the need for a larger and indoor test tank was identified. A new test tank, one of the first buildings ever built by pouring concrete over steel, was built at Steyne Woods Battery.[6]
The Experimental Boat Testing Tank Facility, at the Steyne Wood Battery in Bembridge on the Isle of Wight, (Grade II Listed Building Number 1426608) has six angled glazed panels below a concrete walkway, linked to a boiler within the battery to warm water, which was installed by Thornycroft as part of her interest in hydroponics.[7]
Some of Blanche's monographed notebooks, recording her test notes from 1907 until 1939, along with the ship tank models used in her engineering calculations, are held at the Classic Boat Museum in East Cowes. The notebooks record her calculations for tests on the models trialled in the lily pond at the family home and later at the Experimental Boat Testing Tank Facility. These models were the basis for the development of Skimmers (racing motor boats), which later evolved into Coastal Motor Boats. Other models tested ideas for Acasta and Acheron Class Destroyers, motor torpedo boats, RAF Rescue Launches, as well as RNLI Lifeboats.[8]
Royal Institution of Naval Architects
[edit]She was one of the first three women to be admitted to the Royal Institution of Naval Architects on 9 April 1919 alongside engineers Rachel Parsons and Eily Keary[9] and was a member of the Women's Engineering Society for twenty years.[4]
Death
[edit]Blanche Thornycroft died in Bembridge in 1950.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Oxford dictionary of national biography. British Academy., Oxford University Press. (Online ed.). Oxford. ISBN 9780198614128. OCLC 56568095.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Science Museum Group Journal - Blanche Coules Thornycroft and the application of engineering knowledge". journal.sciencemuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Sir John Edward Thornycroft". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ^ a b c Harcourt, Keith (8 August 2019), "Thornycroft, Blanche Coules (1873–1950), naval architect", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110232, ISBN 9780198614128
- ^ Edwards, Roy; Harcourt, Keith (2018). "Blanche Thornycroft". Science Museum Group Journal. 10 (10). doi:10.15180/1851009. ISSN 2054-5770.
- ^ "Blanche Coules Thornycroft 1873-1951". Isle of Wight Hidden Heroes. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Experimental Boat Testing Tank Facility, Steyne Wood Battery, Bembridge - 1426608 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Engineering and the family in business: Blanche Coules Thornycroft, naval architecture and engineering design" (PDF). Science Museum Group Journal.
- ^ "The Woman Engineer". www2.theiet.org. Retrieved 11 August 2019.