California-class cruiser

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USS California underway
Class overview
Builders	Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company
Operators	United States Navy
Preceded by	Truxtun class Belknap class
Succeeded by	Virginia class
Built	1970–1974
In commission	1974–1999
Completed	2
Active	0
Retired	2
General characteristics
Type	Guided-missile cruiser
Displacement	10,600 long tons (10,800 t)
Length	587 ft (179 m)
Beam	61 ft (19 m)
Draft	31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
Propulsion	2 × General Electric D2G reactors generating 60,000 shp (45,000 kW)
Speed	In excess of 30 knots (56 km/h)
Complement	40 officers and 544 enlisted
Sensors and processing systems	AN/SPS-48E 3-D Air search radar AN/SPS-49 2-D Air search radar NTU AN/SPS-55 Surface search radar AN/SPG-51 Missile fire control radar Mk 86 Gun Fire Control System AN/SPQ-9 Search and fire control radar AN/SPG-60 Gun fire control radar AN/SQS-26 Bow mounted sonar
Electronic warfare & decoys	AN/SLQ-32 Mark 36 SRBOC AN/SLQ-25 Nixie
Armament	2 × Mk 141 Harpoon missile launchers 2 × 5 inch/54 caliber Mk 45 lightweight guns 2 × 20 mm Phalanx CIWS 1 × ASROC missile launcher 2 × Mk 13 missile launchers for RIM-66D Standard missiles (MR) 6 × 12.75" torpedo tubes for Mark 46 torpedoes 4 × .50 caliber machine guns
Aviation facilities	Helicopter deck aft able to accommodate SH-2 Seasprite LAMPS Mk1, SH-3 Sea King, and CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters. No hangar facility.

The California class was a pair of nuclear-powered guided-missile cruisers operated by the United States Navy between 1974 and 1998. Other than their nuclear power supply and lack of helicopter hangars, ships of the California class were comparable to other guided-missile cruisers of their era, such as the Belknap class. The class was built as a follow-up to the nuclear-powered Long Beach, Bainbridge, and Truxtun classes. Like all of the nuclear cruisers, which could steam for years between refuelings, the California class was designed in part to provide high endurance escort for the navy's nuclear aircraft carriers, which were often limited in range due to their conventionally powered escorts continuously needing to be refueled.

California (CGN-36) was the fourth nuclear-powered cruiser in the US Navy; the previous three were Long Beach (CGN-9), Bainbridge (CGN-25), and Truxtun (CGN-35). The second California-class cruiser, South Carolina (CGN-37), was the fifth nuclear-powered cruiser in the US Navy. Only two ships of the class were built, California and South Carolina, and both were decommissioned in late 1999. These ships were followed on by the four nuclear-powered cruisers of the Virginia class. These cruisers were named for states because they were seen as quite large, powerful, capable, and survivable ships. Other than the four ships of the Soviet Navy's Kirov class, which were built with a combination of nuclear and fossil-fuel propulsion, no other country has launched nuclear-powered cruisers.

California and her sister ship, South Carolina, were equipped with two Mk 13 launchers, fore and aft, capable of firing the Standard SM-1MR or SM-2MR surface-to-air missiles, one Mk 112 launcher for ASROC missiles, and eight Mk 141 launch tubes for Harpoon missiles. They were equipped with two Mk 45 5-inch rapid-fire guns, fore and aft. Four 12.75-inch torpedo launchers (two on each side, protruding from their magazine space on the main deck) were fitted for lightweight anti-submarine torpedoes. Two Mk 15 Phalanx 20 mm close-in weapon systems were fitted in the 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

The ships were originally designed to carry and launch the Mark 48 torpedo from a large space beneath the flight deck aft. Although a surface-launched version of the Mk 48 was never produced, the ships retained this large magazine space until their retirement.^{[citation needed]}

Both ships underwent a mid-life refueling and overhaul in the early 1990s to give them a further 18 years of active service. This modernization upgraded their two 150 MW D2G reactor plants with new 165 MW D2W reactor cores, installed the New Threat Upgrade (NTU) to improve their anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) capability, and removed their anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability, which involved disabling their SQS-26 sonar and removing their ASROC anti-submarine weapons. However, the two triple Mk 32 ASW torpedo launchers were retained. External differences resulting from this modernization included the removal of the ASROC launcher and the large deckhouse forward of it that served as the ASROC magazine, the replacement of the SPS-40 radar antenna with the SPS-49 antenna, and the replacement of the SPS-48C with the larger SPS-48E antenna. Both ships retained the bulbous sonar domes at the forefoot (beneath the waterline) until retirement, even after their sonar systems were disabled. While the ships were as modernized as possible and were capable of service until 2010, they were still only capable of firing SM-2MR missiles from their Mk 13 launchers, and their high cost of operation made them targets for early retirement. They were both decommissioned in 1999.^{[citation needed]}

^{[citation needed]}

• List of cruisers of the United States Navy
• List of United States Navy destroyer leaders

Wikimedia Commons has media related to California class cruisers.

• FAS: CGN-36 California class