Chinese Kyakala language
| Chinese Kyakala | |
|---|---|
| Region | Northeastern China |
| Ethnicity | Kyakala |
| Extinct | early 20th century[1] |
| None | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Chinese Kyakala (Chinese: 恰喀拉; pinyin: Qiàkālā) is an extinct Tungusic language that was spoken in northeastern China.
It is not to be confused with Russian Kyakala or Kekar, a southern Udeghe language or dialect cluster that was spoken in Far East Russia. In contrast, Chinese Kyakala belongs in the Jurchenic subgroup.[2]
Documentation
[edit]Chinese Kyakala has been documented in Mu & Ma (1983);[3] Mu’ercha & Mu’ercha (1983);[4] Mu’ercha & Meng (1986);[5] and Mu (1987).[6]
More recent discussions of Chinese Kyakala include Gu (2018);[7] Hölzl (2018);[8] and Hölzl & Hölzl (2019).[9]
References
[edit]- ^ "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA". Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
Present state of the language: EXTINCT probably in the early 20th century, no exact date available
- ^ Hölzl, Andreas; Payne, Thomas E. (2022). Tungusic languages: past and present. Berlin: Language Science Press. ISBN 978-3-96110-395-9. OCLC 1356978751.
- ^ Mu, Yejun 穆晔骏 & Wenye Ma 马文业. 1983. Qiakalaren minsu 恰喀拉人民俗. Heilongjiang minjian wenxue 黑龙江民间文学8. 191–209.
- ^ Mu’ercha, Anbulonga 穆尔察安布隆阿 [= Mu Yejun 穆晔骏] & Yiling’a Mu’ercha 穆尔察依凌阿. 1983. Qiantan “qiakala hejinge” 浅谈《恰喀拉合卺歌》. Heilongjiang minjian wenxue 黑龙江民间文学9. 145–153.
- ^ Mu’ercha, Yejun 穆尔察晔骏 [= Mu Yejun 穆晔骏] & Huiying Meng 孟慧英. 1986. Qiakalaren de gushi 恰喀拉人的故事. Heilongjiang minjian wenxue 黑龙江民间文学 19. 1–103.
- ^ Mu, Yejun 穆晔骏. 1987. Balayu 巴拉语. Manyu yanjiu 满语研究 1987(2). 2–31, 128.
- ^ Gu, Changchun 谷长春(ed.). 2018. Qiakala ren de gushi, xiao mo’ergen yiwen 恰喀拉人的故事，小莫尔根轶闻. Jilin: Jilin renmin chubanshe.
- ^ Hölzl, Andreas. 2018. Udi, Udihe, and the language(s) of the Kyakala. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction 15. 111–146.
- ^ Hölzl, Andreas & Yadi Hölzl. 2019. A wedding ceremony of the Kyakala in China: Language and ritual. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction 16. 87–144.