Choristoneura

Choristoneura
Mountain-ash tortricid Choristoneura hebenstreitella
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Tortricidae
Subfamily:	Tortricinae
Tribe:	Archipini
Genus:	Choristoneura Lederer, 1859
Species
Several, see text
Synonyms
Cornicacoecia Obraztsov, 1954 Hoshinoa Kawabe, 1965

Choristoneura is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms.

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• Hudak, J. (1991). "Integrated pest management and the eastern spruce budworm". Forest Ecology and Management. 39: 313. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(91)90188-2.
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• Patrick M. A. James; Louis-Etienne Robert; B. Mike Wotton; David L. Martell; Richard A. Fleming (2017). "Lagged cumulative spruce budworm defoliation affects the risk of fire ignition in Ontario, Canada". Ecological Applications. 27 (2): 532–544. Bibcode:2017EcoAp..27..532J. doi:10.1002/eap.1463. PMID 27809401.
• Lederer, 1859, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 3: 426.
• Liu Y.-q., 1983: A new species of Choristoneura injurious to Metasequoia in Hubei province (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Entomotaxonomia 5 (4): 289–291. Full article: [2].
• William J. Mattson; Gary A. Simmons; John A. Witter (1988), Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, Springer, pp. 309–330, doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0789-9_16, ISBN 978-1-4899-0791-2
• Neilson, M.M. (1963). "Disease and the spruce budworm". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada. 95 (31): 272–287. doi:10.4039/entm9531272-1.
• Nedoshivina, S.V., 2007: On the type specimens of the Tortricidae described by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann from the Volgo-Ural Region. Nota Lepidopterologica, 30 (1): 93–114. Full article: [3].
• Julia Rauchfuss; Susy Svatek Ziegler (2011). "The Geography of Spruce Budworm in Eastern North America". Geography Compass. 5 (8): 564–580. Bibcode:2011GComp...5..564R. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00441.x.
• Razowski, Józef (30 September 2008). "Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from South Africa. 6: Choristoneura Hübner and Procrica Diakonoff" (PDF). Polish Journal of Entomology. 77 (3): 245–254. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
• Razowski, J. & M. Krüger, 2013: An illustrated catalogue of the specimens of Tortricidae in the Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 41 (162): 213–240.
• Razowski, J. & P. Trematerra, 2010: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from Ethiopia Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research Serie II, 42 (2): 47–79. Abstract: [4] Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine.
• T. Royama (1984). "Population Dynamics of the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura Fumiferana". Ecological Monographs. 54 (4): 429–462. Bibcode:1984EcoM...54..429R. doi:10.2307/1942595. JSTOR 1942595. S2CID 52209394.
• Daniel T Jennings; Hewlette S Crawford Jr (1985). Spruce Budworms Handbook: Predators of the Spruce Budworm. Agriculture Handbook. USDA.
• Martha H. Brookes; Robert W. Campbell; J. J. Colbert; Russel G. Mitchell; R. W. Stark (1987). Western Spruce Budworm. Technical Bulletin No. 1694; Canada/United States Spruce Budworms Program-West. USDA.

• tortricidae.com