Dutch National Holocaust Museum

Dutch National Holocaust Museum

Established	2024
Location	Plantage Middenlaan 27 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Coordinates	52°22′01″N 4°54′40″E / 52.36692°N 4.91099°E / 52.36692; 4.91099
Website	www.jck.nl

The Dutch National Holocaust Museum (Dutch: Nationaal Holocaust museum) is the first official museum on the Holocaust in the Netherlands. It is located in an historic building in the Jewish Cultural Quarter of Amsterdam, near a former child care center that played a role in rescuing Jewish children. The museum tells the story of the Holocaust through the lives of individual victimised men, women, and children. There is a floor-to-ceiling display of all the laws limiting and obliterating the rights of Jews in the Netherlands, who since the eighteenth century had been Dutch citizens with equal rights.^[1]

The museum was inaugurated on March 10, 2024 by the Dutch monarch, Willem-Alexander. In his opening speech the king stated that the museum "brings to life the stories of people who were isolated from the rest of Dutch society, robbed of their rights, denied legal protection, rounded up, imprisoned, separated from their loved ones and murdered," identifying the root cause as antisemitism. "It is up to us all to stop antisemitism before it causes a hurricane that blows away everything that we hold dear. Let us never forget that Sobibor began in the Vondelpark with a sign that read ‘Forbidden for Jews’. There is no excuse for ignorance – no place for relativism, no room for ‘ifs and buts’. Knowledge of the Holocaust is not optional."^[2] As the monarch put it in his speech, "The walls of the museum are covered – wall after wall after wall – with the many hundreds of ordinances, rules, instructions and bans: the small steps by which the Jewish population was set apart. Mandatory termination of employment. Forced registration. Banishment from public life. No bicycle. No telephone. No savings. No home. No freedom of movement. No life."

The opening was broadcast live on Dutch national television and covered extensively by the international press.^[3] The opening ceremony on 10 March was held in the Portuguese Synagogue and attended by foreign dignitaries. Additionally, there was extensive reporting in the international press, largely due to the presence of protestors who objected to the attendance of the President of Israel Isaac Herzog, due to the ongoing Israel-Hamas War.^{[4][5][6][7][8]} About a thousand demonstrators gathered near the site, kept at a distance by police.

The city of Amsterdam played a major role in the history of the Jews in the Netherlands. Three-quarters of the country's Jews, the highest percentage in Western Europe, in total 102,000 people, were killed during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands during 1940–1945. Scholars see the concentration of the Jewish population in one place, the single-mindedness of Nazi policies to separate Jews from the general Dutch population and then to eliminate them, the cooperation of Dutch authorities, as well as the Jewish Council in Amsterdam as factors resulting in the high percentage of Jewish deaths. The postwar Dutch population was seemingly not interested in the suffering of its Jewish population under the Nazis, but the museum now invites visitors to “Immerse yourself in the history of the persecution of the Jews.”^[1]

• Dutch Jews
• Dutch Resistance Museum
• National Holocaust Names Memorial
• NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies
• The Holocaust in the Netherlands

• Botje, Harm Ede; Cohen, Mischa (2017-04-18). "De kinderen van de Joodse crèche" [The children of the Jewish day care]. vn.nl (in Dutch). Vrij Nederland. Archived from the original on 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2024-03-20.

• Bakker, Alex (2005). 'Dag pap, tot morgen': Joodse kinderen gered uit de crèche (in Dutch). Hilversum: Verloren. ISBN 9789065508621. OCLC 905445167.
• Göbel, Esther; Meulenbeld, Henk (2016). Betty: Een joodse kinderverzorgster in verzet (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Gibbon. ISBN 978-94-91363-71-9. OCLC 961105701.

• Croes, Marnix (2006). "The Holocaust in the Netherlands and the rate of Jewish survival". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 20 (3). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, Pergamon Press: 474–499. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcl022. ISSN 8756-6583. OCLC 5183494503.
• Griffioen, Pim; Zeller, Ron (2006). "Anti-Jewish Policy and Organization of the Deportations in France and the Netherlands, 1940–1944: A Comparative Study". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 20 (3). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, Pergamon Press: 437–473. ISSN 8756-6583. OCLC 5183494768.
• Griffioen, Pim; Zeller, Ron (2012). "Comparison of the Persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands, France and Belgium, 1940–1945: Similarities, Differences, Causes". In Romijn, Peter; ten Have, Wichert (eds.). The Persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands, 1940–1945. New Perspectives. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press/Vossius Pers/NIOD. pp. 55–91. ISBN 9789056297237. OCLC 821190086.
• Hess, Steven (1992). "Disproportionate Destruction: The Annihilation of the Jews in the Netherlands: 1940–1945". In Colijn and, G. Jan; Littell, Marcia S. (eds.). The Netherlands and Nazi Genocide: Papers of the 21st Annual Scholars Conference. Symposium series, Vol. 32. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 9780773495166. OCLC 906592660.
• Moore, Bob. Victims and Survivors: The Nazi Persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands, 1940-1945. London: Arnold. ISBN 9780340495636. OCLC 905435967.
• Presser, Jacob (1968). Ashes in the Wind: The Destruction of Dutch Jewry. Translated by Pomerans, Arnold J. London: Souvenir Press. ISBN 9780285638136. OCLC 907250624.. First published in the Netherlands as Presser, Jacob (1965). Ondergang, de vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse jodendom, 1940-1945. Monografie nr 10, Rijksinstituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (in Dutch). 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff. OCLC 460782548.
• Tammes, Peter (2017). "Surviving the Holocaust: Socio-demographic Differences among Amsterdam Jews". European Journal of Population. 33: 293–318. doi:10.1007/s10680-016-9403-3. hdl:1983/11c93b3c-66d5-4a2e-9876-a36a7500cdaa. ISSN 0168-6577. OCLC 7074873175.
• Van der Boom, Bart (2017). "'The Auschwitz reservation": Dutch Victims and Bystanders and their Knowledge of the Holocaust". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 31 (3). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, Pergamon Press: 385–407. ISSN 8756-6583. OCLC 7283740228..
• Vastenhout, Laurien (2022). Between Community and Collaboration: 'Jewish Councils' in Western Europe under Nazi Occupation. Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781009053532. OCLC 1345273138.

• Official website (in Dutch)