Eurovision Song Contest 1978
| Eurovision Song Contest 1978 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dates | |
| Final | 22 April 1978 |
| Host | |
| Venue | Palais des Congrès Paris, France |
| Presenter(s) | |
| Musical director | François Rauber |
| Directed by | Bernard Lion |
| Executive supervisor | Frank Naef |
| Host broadcaster | Télévision Française 1 (TF1) |
| Website | eurovision |
| Participants | |
| Number of entries | 20 |
| Debuting countries | None |
| Returning countries | |
| Non-returning countries | None |
| |
| Vote | |
| Voting system | Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 points to their 10 favourite songs |
| Winning song |  Israel"A-Ba-Ni-Bi" |
The Eurovision Song Contest 1978 was the 23rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Paris, France, following the country's victory at the 1977 contest with the song "L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" by Marie Myriam. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Télévision Française 1 (TF1), the contest was held at the Palais des Congrès on 22 April 1978 and was directed by Bernard Lion.[1] The contest was presented by French television presenters Denise Fabre and Léon Zitrone. This was the first time that more than one presenter had hosted the contest as well as the first to have a male presenter since 1956.
Twenty countries participated, the highest number of competing countries in the history of the competition at the time. Denmark and Turkey both returned to the contest. Denmark had not participated since 1966, 12 years before.
The winner of the contest was Israel with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" by Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta. The winning entry was a love song sung in the Hebrew equivalent of Ubbi dubbi (the title is an expansion of the Hebrew word ani, meaning "I"). This was Israel's first Eurovision win, and it was also the first winning song to be performed in one of the Semitic languages. Furthermore, it was also the only winning song to be conducted by a woman, Nurit Hirsh. Norway finished last for the fifth time, gaining the first nul points after the new voting system was implemented in 1975.
Location
[edit]
The event took place in Paris, the capital and largest city of France, with the host venue being the Palais des congrès de Paris, which is a concert venue, convention centre and shopping mall in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. Built by French architect Guillaume Gillet, the venue was inaugurated in 1974.
Participating countries
[edit]| Eurovision Song Contest 1978 – Participation summaries by country | |
|---|---|
Denmark returned to the competition after having been absent for twelve years, while Turkey did so after missing out two years.[2] This meant that, for the first time, the contest had twenty participating nations competing.
| Country | Broadcaster | Artist | Song | Language | Songwriter(s) | Conductor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Austria | ORF | Springtime | "Mrs. Caroline Robinson" | German |
| Richard Oesterreicher |
 Belgium | RTBF | Jean Vallée | "L'amour ça fait chanter la vie" | French | Jean Vallée | Jean Musy |
 Denmark | DR | Mabel | "Boom Boom" | Danish |
| Helmer Olesen |
 Finland | YLE | Seija Simola | "Anna rakkaudelle tilaisuus" | Finnish |
| Ossi Runne |
 France | TF1 | Joël Prévost | "Il y aura toujours des violons" | French |
| Alain Goraguer |
 Germany | SWF[a] | Ireen Sheer | "Feuer" | German |
| Jean Frankfurter |
 Greece | ERT | Tania Tsanaklidou | "Charlie Chaplin" (Τσάρλυ Τσάπλιν) | Greek |
| Haris Andreadis |
 Ireland | RTÉ | Colm C. T. Wilkinson | "Born to Sing" | English | Colm C. T. Wilkinson | Noel Kelehan |
| Israel | IBA | Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta | "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" (א-ב-ני-בי) | Hebrew | Nurit Hirsh | |
 Italy | RAI | Ricchi e Poveri | "Questo amore" | Italian |
| Nicola Samale |
 Luxembourg | CLT | Baccara | "Parlez-vous français ?" | French |
| Rolf Soja |
 Monaco | TMC | Caline and Olivier Toussaint | "Les Jardins de Monaco" | French |
| Yvon Rioland |
 Netherlands | NOS | Harmony | "'t Is OK" | Dutch |
| Harry van Hoof |
 Norway | NRK | Jahn Teigen | "Mil etter mil" | Norwegian | Kai Eide | Carsten Klouman |
 Portugal | RTP | Gemini | "Dai li dou" | Portuguese |
| Thilo Krasmann |
 Spain | TVE | José Vélez | "Bailemos un vals" | Spanish |
| Ramón Arcusa |
 Sweden | SR | Björn Skifs | "Det blir alltid värre framåt natten" | Swedish | Peter Himmelstrand | Bengt Palmers |
 Switzerland | SRG SSR | Carole Vinci | "Vivre" | French |
| Daniel Janin |
 Turkey | TRT | Nilüfer and Nazar | "Sevince" | Turkish |
| Onno Tunç |
 United Kingdom | BBC | Co-Co | "The Bad Old Days" | English |
| Alyn Ainsworth |
Returning artists
[edit] |
| Artist | Country | Previous year(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Jean Vallée | Belgium | 1970 |
| Norbert Niedermeyer (as part of Springtime) | Austria | 1972 (as part of Milestones) |
| Ireen Sheer | Germany | 1974 (for Luxembourg) |
Format
[edit]The postcards were filmed live, featuring the artists making their way to the stage. They took a corridor, then an elevator. Leaving the lift, they were greeted by the previous participants and then made their entrances to the stage. The camera also made several shots of the audience, notably Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg.
Each song was accompanied by a 45-piece orchestra.[1]
The Swedish participant Björn Skifs was unhappy with the rule that every country would have to perform in their native language. He planned to sing in English anyway, but changed his mind at the last moment, causing him to completely forget the lyrics. He therefore sang the first few lines in gibberish before finding the words again.
The Israeli win caused problems for several North African and Middle-Eastern nations that were televising the contest, even though they were not participating. According to author and political commentator John Kennedy O'Connor in his book The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History, when Israel became the clear winners during the voting, most of the Arabic stations ended their transmission of the contest. Jordanian TV finished the show with a photo of a bunch of daffodils on screen, later announcing that the Belgian entry (which finished second) was the winner.[8]
Contest overview
[edit]The contest was held on 22 April 1978, beginning at 21:30 (CEST).[9]
Fears of terrorist attacks like at the Summer Olympics 1972 in Munich and of stage invasions like in 1964 meant that security measures in and around the Palais des Congrès were particularly tight: 200 police officers, some of them as undercover agents, tried to prevent any potential incidents. Spectators had to go through metal detectors upon arrival at the Palais des Congrès.[9]
In addition to his duties as a host together with Denise Fabre, Léon Zitrone also served as commentator for France, in an own commentary box backstage.[9]
| R/O | Country | Artist | Song | Points | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ireland | Colm C. T. Wilkinson | "Born to Sing" | 86 | 5 |
| 2 | Norway | Jahn Teigen | "Mil etter mil" | 0 | 20 |
| 3 | Italy | Ricchi e Poveri | "Questo amore" | 53 | 12 |
| 4 | Finland | Seija Simola | "Anna rakkaudelle tilaisuus" | 2 | 18 |
| 5 | Portugal | Gemini | "Dai li dou" | 5 | 17 |
| 6 | France | Joël Prévost | "Il y aura toujours des violons" | 119 | 3 |
| 7 | Spain | José Vélez | "Bailemos un vals" | 65 | 9 |
| 8 | United Kingdom | Co-Co | "The Bad Old Days" | 61 | 11 |
| 9 | Switzerland | Carole Vinci | "Vivre" | 65 | 9 |
| 10 | Belgium | Jean Vallée | "L'amour ça fait chanter la vie" | 125 | 2 |
| 11 | Netherlands | Harmony | "'t Is OK" | 37 | 13 |
| 12 | Turkey | Nilüfer and Nazar | "Sevince" | 2 | 18 |
| 13 | Germany | Ireen Sheer | "Feuer" | 84 | 6 |
| 14 | Monaco | Caline and Olivier Toussaint | "Les Jardins de Monaco" | 107 | 4 |
| 15 | Greece | Tania Tsanaklidou | "Charlie Chaplin" | 66 | 8 |
| 16 | Denmark | Mabel | "Boom Boom" | 13 | 16 |
| 17 | Luxembourg | Baccara | "Parlez-vous français ?" | 73 | 7 |
| 18 | Israel | Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta | "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" | 157 | 1 |
| 19 | Austria | Springtime | "Mrs. Caroline Robinson" | 14 | 15 |
| 20 | Sweden | Björn Skifs | "Det blir alltid värre framåt natten" | 26 | 14 |
Spokespersons
[edit]Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1978 contest are listed below.
Germany – Sigi Harreis[11]
Sweden – Sven Lindahl[12]
Turkey – Meral Savcı[13]
United Kingdom – Colin Berry[4]
Detailed voting results
[edit]Total score | Ireland | Norway | Italy | Finland | Portugal | France | Spain | United Kingdom | Switzerland | Belgium | Netherlands | Turkey | Germany | Monaco | Greece | Denmark | Luxembourg | Israel | Austria | Sweden | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contestants | Ireland | 86 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||
| Norway | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Italy | 53 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||
| Finland | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Portugal | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| France | 119 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 10 | ||
| Spain | 65 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 61 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | ||||||
| Switzerland | 65 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 10 | |||||||
| Belgium | 125 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 4 | ||||
| Netherlands | 37 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Turkey | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Germany | 84 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 7 | |||||||
| Monaco | 107 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 12 | ||||
| Greece | 66 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
| Denmark | 13 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Luxembourg | 73 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 6 | |||||||||
| Israel | 157 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 8 | |||
| Austria | 14 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
| Sweden | 26 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
12 points
[edit]Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:
| N. | Contestant | Nation(s) giving 12 points |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Israel | Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey |
| 5 | Belgium | France, Greece, Ireland, Monaco, United Kingdom |
| 3 | Luxembourg | Italy, Portugal, Spain |
| 1 | France | Austria |
| Germany | Finland | |
| Ireland | Norway | |
| Monaco | Sweden | |
| Netherlands | Israel | |
| Spain | Denmark |
Broadcasts
[edit]Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[16] TF1 provided 29 commentary boxes in the auditorium for foreign broadcasters.[9]
Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below. In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in 17 other countries, including Algeria, Iceland, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia and Yugoslavia, in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union via Intervision, and in Hong Kong, Japan and the United Arab Emirates.[1][4][9] No official accounts of the viewing figures are known to exist. An estimate given in the French press ahead of the contest was 350 million viewers worldwide.[9]
| Country | Broadcaster | Channel(s) | Commentator(s) | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Cyprus | CyBC | RIK | [52] | |
 Hong Kong | TVB | TVB Pearl[d] | [53] | |
| RTV | RTV-2[e] | |||
 Hungary | MTV | MTV2[f] | [54] | |
 Iceland | RÚV | Sjónvarpið[g] | Ragna Ragnars | [55] |
 Jordan | JTV | JTV2[h] | [57] | |
 Netherlands Antilles | TeleCuraçao[i] | [58] | ||
 Poland | TP | TP1[j] | [59] | |
 Yugoslavia | JRT | TV Beograd 1 | [60] | |
| TV Koper-Capodistria | [61] | |||
| TV Ljubljana 1[k] | [62] | |||
| TV Zagreb 1 | [63] | |||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[7]
- ^ Deferred broadcast at 21:55 (CET)[30]
- ^ Broadcast through a second audio programme on TSI[23]
- ^ Deferred broadcast on 23 April at 10:30 (HKT)[53]
- ^ Deferred broadcast on 23 April at 19:00 (HKT)[53]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 23 May 1978 at 21:40 (CET)[54]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 30 April 1978 at 21:20 (WET)[55]
- ^ Contest broadcast interrupted during the voting sequence by the broadcaster[56]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 6 May 1978 at 22:30 (ADT)[58]
- ^ Deferred broadcast in a shortened format at 00:50 (CET)[59]
- ^ Deferred broadcast on 23 April at 15:30 (CET)[62]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Chaillet, Cathérine (4 April 1978). "Concours Eurovision de la chanson" (Press release) (in French). Paris, France: TF1. TF1 Service de presse. pp. 1–4. OCLC 965372158.
- ^ "Paris 1978". Eurovision.tv.
- ^ "Participants of Paris 1978". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ a b c Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 312–327. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
- ^ "1978 – 23rd edition". diggiloo.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "Detailed overview: conductors in 1978". And the conductor is... Retrieved 5 July 2023.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ O'Connor, John Kennedy. The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History. Carlton Books, UK. 2007 ISBN 978-1-84442-994-3
- ^ a b c d e f g Didi, Franklin (22 April 1978). "350 millions de téléspectateurs et 200 policiers". Télé 7 Jours (in French). No. 934. pp. 28–29.
- ^ "Final of Paris 1978". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ Janda, Fritz. "Deutsche Grand-Prix-Jury war streng abgeschirmt: 11 Juroren erfuhren ihre Aufgabe erst am Sendetag" [The German Eurovision jury was strictly protected: 11 jurors only found out about their task on the day of broadcast]. Gong (in German).
- ^ Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Premium Publishing. pp. 132–133. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
- ^ "Yirmi ülke yarısıyor Eurovision" [Twenty countries are competing in Eurovision]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 22 April 1978. p. 10. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- ^ "Results of the Final of Paris 1978". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1978 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "TV Avstrija 2. spored – sobota, 22. aprila" [TV Austria – 2nd program – Saturday 22 April]. Naš tednik (in Slovenian). Klagenfurt (Celovec), Austria. 28 March 1974. p. 7. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators]. Kurier (in German). Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ "T.V. Programma's" [T.V. Programmes]. De Voorpost (in Dutch). Aalst, Belgium. 21 April 1978. pp. 30–31. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ "Alle tiders programoversigter – Lørdag den 22. april 1978" [All-time programme overviews – Saturday 22nd April 1978] (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "Radio ja TV" [Radio and TV]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 22 April 1978. p. 37. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ "Radio-télévision – Samedi 22 avril" [Radio-television – Saturday 22 April]. Le Monde. Paris, France. 16–17 April 1978. p. 14. Retrieved 22 July 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c "Fernsehen – Samstag" [Television – Saturday]. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Zürich, Switzerland. 22 April 1978. p. 47. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
- ^ "Tele-schau: Gesehen – Grand Prix Eurovision (I. Program)" [Tele-show: Seen – Grand Prix Eurovision (1st Programm)]. Bocholter-Borkener Volksblatt (in German). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- ^ "τηλεοραση" [television]. Rizospastis (in Greek). Athens, Greece. 22 April 1978. p. 8. Retrieved 21 September 2024 – via National Library of Greece.
- ^ "ραδιοφωνο" [radio]. Rizospastis (in Greek). Athens, Greece. 22 April 1978. p. 8. Retrieved 21 September 2024 – via National Library of Greece.
- ^ "Saturday April 22 – Television". RTÉ Guide. Vol. 2, no. 16. 21 April 1978. p. 13.
- ^ "Saturday April 22 – Radio". RTÉ Guide. Vol. 2, no. 16. 21 April 1978. p. 22.
- ^ "Shabat – 22.4.78 – Televizia" שבת – 22.4.78 – טלוויזיה [Saturday – 22nd April 1978 – Television]. Davar (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 21 April 1978. p. 64. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
- ^ a b "TV2 | sabato 22 aprile" [TV2 | Saturday 22 April]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 55, no. 16. 16–22 April 1978. p. 183. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ "sabato 22 aprile" [Saturday 22 April]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 55, no. 16. 16–22 April 1978. pp. 202–203. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ "Samstag, 22. April 1978" [Saturday, 22 April 1978]. Revue Agenda (in French and German). No. 16. 22–28 April 1978. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "Les écrans francophones – Samedi 22 avril" [French-speaking screens – Saturday 22 April]. Le Monde. Paris, France. 16–17 April 1978. p. 14. Retrieved 22 July 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Radio en televisie dit weekend" [Radio and television this weekend]. Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 22 April 1978. p. 7. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Delpher.
- ^ Berkenbosch, Co (22 April 1978). "Groep Harmony in Parijs: 'Alleen Engeland grote concurrent'" [Group Harmony in Paris: 'Only England is a major competitor']. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). Amsterdam, Netherlands. p. 6. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Delpher.
- ^ "TV-radio programmene" [TV-radio programmes]. Oppland Arbeiderblad (in Norwegian). Gjøvik, Norway. 22 April 1978. p. 35. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway.
- ^ "Televisão – Hoje" [Television – Today]. Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). 22 April 1978. p. 15. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
- ^ Firmino, Tiago (7 April 2018). "O número do dia. Quantos festivais comentou Eládio Clímaco na televisão portuguesa?" [The number of the day. How many festivals did Eládio Clímaco comment on on Portuguese television?] (in Portuguese). N-TV. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ "Rádio". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). 22 April 1978. p. 18. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
- ^ "1er programa – Sábado" [First Program – Saturday]. Tele Pueblo (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain. 22 April 1978. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 27 June 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica.
- ^ Cayon, José A. (22 April 1978). "Esta noche Eurovisión-78" [Tonight Eurovision-78] (PDF). La Gaceta del Norte (in Spanish). Bilbao, Spain. p. 48. Retrieved 5 October 2024 – via Bizkaiko Foru Liburutegia.
- ^ "Emisoras" [Broadcasters]. El Eco de Canarias (in Spanish). Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. 22 April 1978. p. 13. Retrieved 27 October 2024 – via University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
- ^ "tv programmen" [tv programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 22 April 1978. p. 19.
- ^ "radioprogrammen" [radio programmes]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden. 22 April 1978. p. 19.
- ^ "TV – samedi 22 avril" [TV – Saturday 22 April]. Radio TV - Je vois tout (in French). No. 16. Lausanne, Switzerland: Héliographia SA. 20 April 1978. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Scriptorium Digital Library.
- ^ "Televisione" [Television]. Gazzetta Ticinese (in Italian). Lugano, Switzerland. 22 April 1978. p. 14. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Sistema bibliotecario ticinese.
- ^ "Radio – samedi 22 avril" [Radio – Saturday 22 April]. Radio TV - Je vois tout (in French). No. 16. Lausanne, Switzerland: Héliographia SA. 20 April 1978. p. 68. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Scriptorium Digital Library.
- ^ "TV". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 22 April 1978. p. 9. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1978 – BBC1". Radio Times. 22 April 1978. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
- ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1978 – BBC Radio 2". Radio Times. 22 April 1978. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
- ^ "Schedule – BBC Radio 1 – 22 April 1978". Radio Times. 22 April 1978. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
- ^ "Τηλεοραση – Το πλήρες πρόγραμμα" [Television – The full programme]. Charavgi (in Greek). Nicosia, Cyprus. 22 April 1978. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Press and Information Office.
- ^ a b c "星期日 – 當歸北芪酒 – 四月廿三日" [Sunday – Angelica and Beiqi Wine – 23 April]. Wah Kiu Yat Po Colour Weekly (in Traditional Chinese). Quarry Bay, Hong Kong. 23 April 1978. p. 14. Retrieved 3 November 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "TV – kedd május 23" [TV - Tuesday May 23]. Rádió- és Televízió-újság (in Hungarian). 22 May 1978. p. 12. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via MTVA Archívum.
- ^ a b "Sjónvarp – Sunnudagur 30. apríl" [Television – Sunday 30 April]. Dagblaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 29 April 1978. p. 22. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via Timarit.is.
- ^ "Eurovision – Jordan". Eurovoix. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
- ^ "Jordan Times Daily Guide | Jordan Television – Channel 6". The Jordan Times. Amman, Jordan. 22 April 1978. p. 3. Retrieved 11 June 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Eurosong-festival op tv" [Eurosong Contest on TV]. Amigoe (in Dutch). Willemstad, Curaçao. 5 May 1978. p. 3. Retrieved 29 June 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Tygodniowy program telewizji od 22 IV do 28 IV 1978 r." [Weekly TV schedule from 22 April to 28 April 1978]. Dziennik Polski (in Polish). Kraków, Poland. 22–23 April 1978. p. 8. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via Digital Library of Małopolska.
- ^ "Телевизија – Београд – први програм" [Television – Belgrade – first program]. Borba (in Serbian). Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia. 22 April 1978. p. 16. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via Pretraživa digitalna biblioteka.
- ^ "Radio Televizija" [Radio Television]. Primorski dnevnik (in Slovenian). Trieste, Italy. 22 April 1978. p. 4. Retrieved 22 October 2024 – via Digital Library of Slovenia.
- ^ a b "Jutri na RTV – Televizija" [Tomorrow on RTV – Television]. Delo (in Slovenian). Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia. 22 April 1978. p. 8. Retrieved 28 October 2024 – via Digital Library of Slovenia.
- ^ "TV Zagreb – Subota 22. travnja – Prvi program" [TV Zagreb – Saturday 22 April – First program]. Glas Podravine (in Serbo-Croatian). Koprivnica, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. 21 April 1978. p. 10. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
External links
[edit]
