Fiona Plunkett

Fiona Plunkett
Plunkett in January 1966 during an interview with RTÉ
Born11 January 1896
Dublin, Ireland
Died1977
Dublin, Ireland
NationalityIrish
EducationMount Anville Secondary School[1]
FatherGeorge Noble Plunkett
Relatives6 siblings, including Joseph Mary Plunkett (Brother) and George Oliver Plunkett (Brother)

Fiona Plunkett (11 January 1896 – 12 July 1977) was an Irish republican involved in the organisation of the Easter 1916 Rising and a leading member of Cumann na mBan.

Early and personal life

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Birth Certificate

Fiona Plunkett, born Josephine Plunkett on 11 January 1896, and the name later shortened to Fiona, then Fi, was the daughter of George Noble Plunkett and Josephine Cranny. She grew up on 26 Upper Fitzwilliam Street.[2] She was the youngest of seven children: Philomena, Mary, Geraldine, Jack, George and Joseph Plunkett,[1] who all took part in the Easter Rising. Joseph was a signatory of the Proclamation of the Republic and was executed after the Rising.[3]

Her father was the curator of the National Museum of Ireland,[4] however he was forced to step down and exiled to Oxford following both his and his children's actions during the 1916 Rising. He later became a politician, being a member of the then newly formed Sinn Féin party. Although her family was heavily involved with politics, Plunkett only established her political career at the age of 26 during the Irish Civil War.[5] Plunkett was engaged three times but never married, and died at the age of 81, in 1977 in a Dublin hospital of natural causes.[5]

Education

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26 Fitzwilliam Street Upper Dublin

Plunkett sat in on her brothers' lessons, in an attempt to receive an education.[6] She briefly attended the classy Convent of the Sacred Heart in Leeson Street[6] and another of the order's convents, Mount Anville.[5] She had access to the library of her father, which allowed her to read on various topics.[7]

Political views

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Plunkett's political beliefs were influenced by her father and three brothers. Her Irish republican ideals would influence her actions throughout her life. As a girl, she was one of the group that provided food relief to the workers starved by the 1913 Dublin Lock-out.[8]

In 1916 she served in the women's military group Cumann na mBan,[9] and indirectly participated in the 1916 Easter Rising as an organiser.[10]

Her brother Joseph was executed for his leadership in the Rising; his younger brothers George and Jack were imprisoned in England afterwards.[11]

In 1917 Cumann na mBan began regrouping. Memberships increased as did the membership of Sinn Féin. New branches of Cumann na mBan were created and old ones reformed. Nine executives were chosen to represent Cumann na mBan: Plunkett, Nancy O'Rahilly and her daughter, Margaret Pearse, Áine Ceannt, Kathleen Clarke, Nancy Wyse Power, Mary McSwiney and Madge Daly.[12] The mothers, sisters, wives and daughters of the Rising's leaders perceived themselves as sidelined, with Plunkett resisting the move to amalgamate them into Sinn Féin.[13] She remained particularly close to her sister-in-law Grace Gifford.

In 1926, Plunkett was tried and imprisoned for her involvement in a raid of the home of Edward Levi, was part of an ongoing campaign against Dublin moneylenders.[14] Three IRA members demanded that Levi hand over his account books. Plunkett, Domhall O'Donohue and Mick Price were charged for assisting in the formation of an illegal military force and possession of arms, ammunition and treasonable documents.[15]

In 1942, Plunkett stepped onto a platform during a commemoration of the Rising at Arbor Hill church, condemning the Irish government's treatment of political prisoners (her brother Jack being a prisoner at the time, on hunger strike in Arbor Hill Prison, next to the church) under Éamon de Valera's authority. References to this "Plunkett Incident" were censored in the Irish press in the following days.[16]

In 1971 Plunkett wrote a letter to the editor of The Irish Times criticising the contemporary truce in Northern Ireland, urging the Irish people to stand up against "British domination". She went on to say that any celebrations for attained peace while Britain remained in Ireland were a "hollow mockery" of the Irish people.[17] In 1976, she was prosecuted for her participation in a banned commemoration of the 1916 Rising at the GPO.[18][19]

Death and legacy

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Plunkett died on 12 July 1977 at the age of 81.[5] She was buried in Glasnevin cemetery, in the Republican plot.[5] Plunketts's legacy and life is recounted in All in Blood: a memoir by her elder sister Geraldine Dillon.[20]

References

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  1. ^ a b "National Archives". National Archives. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  2. ^ "Fiona Plunkett Bio". Geni. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  3. ^ https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_2000/020453/7178614.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ "THE-ORDERS-AND-MEDALS-AWARDED-TO-GEORGE-NOBLE-COUNT-PLUNKETT-". adams.ie/. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e Unknown (14 July 1977). "Miss Fiona Plunkett Dies In Dublin". Irish Times.
  6. ^ a b Clare, Anne (2011). Unlikely Rebels: The Gifford Girls and the Fight for Irish Freedom. Mercier Press Ltd. p. 111. ISBN 978-1856357128.
  7. ^ Clare, Anne (2011). Unlikely Rebels: The Gifford Girls and the Fight for Irish Freedom. Mercier Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-1856357128.
  8. ^ McCoole, Sinead (2014). Easter Widows. Random House. ISBN 978-1448171033. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  9. ^ Matthews, Ann. "Cumann Na Mban" (PDF). E. Prints Maynooth. Maynooth University & St. Patricks College. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  10. ^ Sawyer, Roger (2002). We Are But Women: Women in Ireland's History. London: Routledge. pp. 87–88. ISBN 1134931255. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  11. ^ "Joseph Mary Plunkett". Easter1916.ie. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  12. ^ Matthews, Ann (1995). Cumann na mBan 1913-26: Redressing the Balance. (National University of Ireland, St Patricks College, Maynooth)
  13. ^ Ward, Margaret (1996). "The League of Women Delegates & Sinn Féin". History Ireland. 4 (3). Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  14. ^ Ó Gráda, Cormac (2006). Jewish Ireland in the Age of Joyce: A Socioeconomic History. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 68. ISBN 0691127190. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  15. ^ McCord, Rhona. "The 1926 IRA campaign against Moneylenders". The Irish Story. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  16. ^ Unknown, Unknown. "FightingMarks North Ireland's Nationalist Day: Police Baltic to EnforceBan on Rebellion Memorials; IRA Protests in Eire". Irish Times. Retrieved 25 November 2014 – via ProQuest.
  17. ^ BEAN UI DHONNCHADHA, SIGHLE. "CELEBRATING THE TRUCE". Retrieved 25 November 2014 – via ProQuest.
  18. ^ Anonymous, Anonymous. "Marking the 1916 anniversary". Irish Times. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  19. ^ Ó Beacháin, Donnacha (2010). Destiny of the Soldiers – Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism and the IRA, 1926–1973: The History of Ireland's Largest and Most Successful Political Party. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN 978-0717151660. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  20. ^ Dillon, Geraldine Plunkett (1891-1986). All in Blood: a memoir. Dublin.
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