List of banana and plantain diseases
This article is a list of diseases of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.).
Bacterial diseases
[edit]| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Bacterial wilt | Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1) |
| Blood disease | Ralstonia syzigii subsp. celebensis[1] |
| Bugtok | Ralstonia solanacearum (race 2) |
| Finger tip rot (gumming) | Burkholderia cenocepacia (syn. Pseudomonas cenocepacia)[2] Pseudomonas spp.[citation needed] |
| Moko | Ralstonia solanacearum (race 2) |
| Rhizome rot | Erwinia carotovora (syn. Pectobacterium carotovorum) Erwinia chrysanthemi (syn. Dickeya dadantii) |
| Javanese vascular wilt | Pseudomonas spp. |
| Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), Banana bacterial wilt, enset wilt | Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum |
Fungal diseases
[edit]| Fungal diseases | |
|---|---|
| Anthracnose | |
| Armillaria corn rot | |
| Black cross | |
| Black leaf streak (BLS) or Black Sigatoka |
|
| Black root rot | Rosellinia bunodes |
| Brown blotch | Pestalotiopsis leprogena |
| Brown spot | Cercospora hayi |
| Ceratocystis fruit rot | |
| Cigar-end | |
| Cladosporium speckle | Cladosporium musae |
| Corm dry rot | Junghuhnia vincta |
| Cordana leaf spot | |
| Crown rot | Fusarium pallidoroseum |
| Cylindrocladium root rot | Cylindrocladium spp. |
| Damping-off | Deightoniella torulosa |
| Deightoniella fruit speckle, leaf spot and tip rot | Deightoniella torulosa |
| Diamond spot | Cercospora hayi Fusarium spp. |
| Dwarf Cavendish tip rot | |
| Eyespot | Drechslera gigantea |
| Fruit freckle (freckle) | |
| Fruit rot | Botryosphaeria ribis |
| Fungal root-rot | Fusarium solani |
| Fungal scald | Colletotrichum musae |
| Leaf rust | |
| Leaf speckle | Acrodontium simplex |
| Leaf spot | Curvularia eragrostidis |
| Leaf spot | Drechslera musae-sapientum |
| Leaf spot | Leptosphaeria musarum |
| Leaf spot | Pestalotiopsis disseminata |
| Main stalk rot | Ceratocystis paradoxa |
| Malayan leaf spot | Haplobasidion musae |
| Marasmiellus rot | |
| Panama disease (Fusarium wilt) | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Races 1, 2 and 4 - inc.Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Subtropical Race 4 |
| Peduncle rot | Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
| Pestalotiopsis leaf spot | Pestalotiopsis palmarum |
| Phaeoseptoria leaf spot | Phaeoseptoria musae |
| Pitting | Pyricularia grisea |
| Pseudostem heart rot | |
| Root & rhizome rot | Cylindrocarpon musae |
| Sclerotinia fruit rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
| Septoria leaf spot | Mycosphaerella eumusae [sexual stage] |
| Sheath rot | Nectria foliicola |
| Sooty mold | Limacinula tenuis |
| Speckle | Mycosphaerella musae |
| Squirter (black end disease) | Nigrospora sphaerica |
| Stem-end rot | Colletotrichum musae |
| Trachysphaera finger rot | Trachysphaera fructigena |
| Tropical speckle | |
| Verticillium tip rot | Verticillium theobromae |
| Yellow Sigatoka | Mycosphaerella musicola |
Viral diseases
[edit]| Viral diseases | |
|---|---|
| Disease | Viruses |
| Bract mosaic | Banana bract mosaic virus |
| Bunchy top | Banana bunchy top virus |
| Mosaic | Cucumber mosaic virus |
| Streak | Banana streak virus |
| Banana mild mosaic | Banana mild mosaic virus |
| Banana virus X | Banana virus X |
Nematodes, parasitic
[edit]| Nematodes, parasitic | |
|---|---|
| Nematode root rot (burrowing nematode) | |
| Root-knot | Meloidogyne arenaria |
| Root-lesion | Pratylenchus coffeae |
| Spiral nematode root damage | |
Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
[edit]| Miscellaneous diseases and disorders | |
|---|---|
| Alligator skin | Light abrasions on fruit peel caused by leaves or bracts |
| Blue disease | Magnesium deficiency |
| Choke | Low winter temperatures |
| Dwarfism | Genetic mutation |
| Elephantiasis | Unknown cause |
| Fruit chimera | Genetic mutation |
| Fused fingers | Genetic defect |
| Giantism | Genetic mutation |
| Heart leaf unfurling disorder | Unknown cause |
| High mat | Unknown cause |
| Leaf edge chlorosis | Unknown cause |
| Maturity bronzing | Unknown cause |
| Rayadilla | Zinc deficiency |
| Rosetting | Nitrogen deficiency |
| Roxana | Unknown cause |
| Spike leaf | Low winter temperatures |
| Split peel | Rapid filling of pulp of fruit |
| Taiwan marginal scorch | Unknown cause |
| "Segmented Banana" | Chilling injury to fruit One of the less common plantain diseases is exostentialis clittellus referred to by most plantain and banana farmers as "segmented banana". This is a result of the peel forming tiny inter-fruit membranes which cause the banana to appear as though it has been sliced before it is peeled. This is generally a result of freezing the fruit, and occurs most commonly in fruit that is sold in large stores or supermarkets. |
| Yellow mat | Unknown cause |
| Yellow pulp | Delay in fruit filling, drought, excessive shading, magnesium deficiency, poor nutrition |
| Yellows | Lack of water |
| Neer Vazhai | Unknown etiology |
| Kottai Vazhai or seediness in Parthenocarpic Poovan banana | Unknown etiology, probably due to BSV infection |
References
[edit]- ^ "Blood disease". Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
- ^ University of California Berkeley. "Bacterial finger-tip rot".
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society (APS)
