Geoglobus

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Geoglobus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Archaeoglobi
Order:	Archaeoglobales
Family:	Archaeoglobaceae
Genus:	Geoglobus Kashefi et al. 2002
Type species
Geoglobus ahangari Kashefi et al. 2002
Species
G. acetivorans G. ahangari

Geoglobus is a hyperthermophilic member of the Archaeoglobaceae within the Euryarchaeota. It consists of two species, the first, G. ahangari, isolated from the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system located deep within the Gulf of California. As a hyperthermophile, it grows best at a temperature of 88 °C and cannot grow at temperatures below 65 °C or above 90 °C. It possess an S-layer cell wall and a single flagellum. G. ahangari is an anaerobe, using poorly soluble ferric iron (Fe³⁺) as a terminal electron acceptor. It can grow either autotrophically using hydrogen gas (H₂) or heterotrophically using a large number of organic compounds, including several types of fatty acids, as energy sources. G. ahangari was the first archaeon isolated capable of using hydrogen gas coupled to iron reduction as an energy source and the first anaerobe isolated capable of using long-chain fatty acids as an energy source.

A second species was described as G. acetivorans, which also uses iron as its terminal electron acceptor.

• List of Archaea genera

• Kashefi, K.; Shelobolina, E. S.; Elliott, W. C.; Lovley, D. R. (2 November 2007). "Growth of Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Fe(III)-Reducing Microorganisms on a Ferruginous Smectite as the Sole Electron Acceptor". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (1): 251–258. doi:10.1128/AEM.01580-07. PMC 2223214. PMID 17981937.
• Kashefi K, Tor JM, Holmes DE, Gaw Van Praagh CV, Reysenbach AL, Lovley DR (2002). "Geoglobus ahangari gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic archaeon capable of oxidizing organic acids and growing autotrophically on hydrogen with Fe(III) serving as the sole electron accepter". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 (Pt 3): 719–728. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-3-719. PMID 12054231.
• Slobodkina, G.B.; Kolganova, T.V.; Querellou, J.; Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E.A.; Slobodkin, A.I. (Nov 2009). "Geoglobus acetivorans sp nov., an iron(III)-reducing archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Part 11): 2380–2383. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.011080-0. PMID 19628601.
• Manzella, Michael; Regura, Gemma; Kashefi, Kazem (31 May 2013). "Extracellular Electron Transfer to Fe(III) Oxides by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Geoglobus ahangari via a Direct Contact Mechanism". American Society for Microbiology. 79 (15): 4694–4700. Bibcode:2013ApEnM..79.4694M. doi:10.1128/AEM.01566-13. PMC 3719510. PMID 23728807.

• Huber H, Stetter KO (2001). "Family I. Archaeoglobaceae fam. nov. Stetter 1989, 2216". In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Stetter, KO (1989). "Group II. Archaeobacterial sulfate reducers. Order Archaeoglobales". In JT Staley; MP Bryant; N Pfennig; JG Holt (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3 (1st ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co.

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