Hoàng Văn Hoan

Hoàng Văn Hoan
Vice Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th)
In office 23 April 1958 – 24 June 1979
Chairman	Trường Chinh
General Secretary of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly (1st, 2nd)
In office April 1958 – June 1962
Chairman	Trường Chinh
Succeeded by	Xuân Thủy
Communist Party Secretary of Hanoi
In office January 1961 – June 1961
Deputy	Nguyễn Thọ Chân Trần Minh Việt Trần Anh Liên
Preceded by	Trần Danh Tuyên
Succeeded by	Nguyễn Lam
Member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2nd, 3rd)
In office October 1956 – December 1976
General Secretary	Hồ Chí Minh Lê Duẩn (as First Secretary)
Ambassador of Vietnam to China with accreditation as North Korea & Mongolia
In office 1950 – April 1957
Succeeded by	Nguyễn Khang (to China) Trần Độ (to North Korea)
Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam
In office August 1945 – December 1976
General Secretary	Trường Chinh Hồ Chí Minh Lê Duẩn (as First Secretary)
Personal details
Born	Hoàng Ngọc Ân 1905 (1905) Quỳnh Lưu, Nghệ An Province, Annam Protectorate, French Indochina
Died	18 May 1991(1991-05-18) (aged 85–86) Beijing, China
Political party	Communist Party of Vietnam (expelled in 1979)

Hoàng Văn Hoan (1905 – 18 May 1991)^[1] was a personal friend of Ho Chi Minh, a founding member of the Indochinese Communist Party, and a Politburo member of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1960 to 1976. Born in Nghệ An Province in 1905,^[2] Hoan was a crucial link between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the People's Republic of China, serving as ambassador to the country from 1950 to 1957 and Vice Chairman of the DRV's National Assembly Standing Committee in the 1960s. Known for his pro-Chinese stance, Hoan reached the peak of his career in the early 1960s when North Vietnam temporarily allied with China in the Sino-Soviet dispute.

In 1963, when Foreign Minister Ung Văn Khiêm was replaced by the more pro-Chinese Xuân Thủy, Hoan headed the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the CPV. In 1965–1966, however, Soviet-Vietnamese relations started to improve, accompanied by increasing tension between Hanoi and Beijing. In the new atmosphere, the leadership found it advisable to replace both Xuân Thủy and Hoan with cadres who had been less conspicuously associated with Lê Duẩn's previous pro-Chinese policies.

Still, Hoan played a prominent role in Sino-Vietnamese relations for some time. In May 1973, he conducted secret talks in Beijing about the Cambodian Civil War and traveled to China for "medical treatment" a year later, but his real mission was probably related to the secret (and unsuccessful) Sino-Vietnamese border negotiations from August to November.^[3] He lost most of his influence after the Fourth National Party Congress in 1977, when the Communist Party shifted to a pro-Soviet position. Like Trương Như Tảng, who went into exile in Paris, France, Hoan defected and surfaced in Beijing in July 1979 after shaking off political persecution by Vietnamese authorities.

Hoan stated that Vietnam's abuse of its ethnic Chinese minority was "even worse than Hitler's treatment of the Jews" and that its leaders had become "subservient to a foreign power," referring to the Soviet Union. He also disclosed that in 1982, the CPV's Central Committee had decided that opium production should be increased to raise foreign currency reserves.^[4]

Hoan authored his reminiscences as A Drop in the Ocean. He died in Beijing in 1991.^[5]

• Hoang Van Hoan (1988). A Drop in the Ocean: Hoang Van Hoan's Revolutionary Reminiscences. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 9780835122559.
• — (1989). Selected Works of Hoang Van Hoan. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 9787119006048.

• Hanoi's Push. Time, Aug. 20, 1979.
• Indochina: Five Years of Communist Rule
• Beijing and the Vietnam Conflict, 1964–1965
• Factionalism in North VietnamA^{[permanent dead link‍]}