International Soccer League
| Organizing body | American Soccer League |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1960 |
| Abolished | 1965 |
| Region | New York City, U.S. |
| Number of teams | 9 (1965) |
| Last champion(s) |  Polonia Bytom |
The International Soccer League was a U.S.-based soccer league which was formed in 1960 and collapsed in 1965. The League, affiliated with the American Soccer League, featured guest teams primarily from Europe and some from South America, Canada and Mexico.
The creation of the League was announced in January 1960, when it was regarded as an attempt to create a Club World Cup. However, the concurrence of the UEFA/CONMEBOL-endorsed Intercontinental Cup, launched also in 1960, nullified any possibility that the League might have relevance as a club world championship.[1]
History
[edit]In 1960, William D. Cox, a wealthy U.S. businessman and former owner of the Philadelphia Phillies, a U.S. baseball team, saw a potential market in the United States for top-level soccer. Recognizing that U.S. teams did not play at a sufficiently high level to attract the attention of most fans, he began to consider the possibility of importing European and South American teams during their league off-seasons. Traditionally, tours by European clubs in the northeast United States had drawn well and Cox decided to pursue this approach.
However, soccer in the U.S. was run by the U.S. Soccer Football Association (USSFA). As a member of the soccer's international governing organization, FIFA, the USSFA had the sole power in the U.S. to authorize the creation of a new league, and any league created without USSFA authority would be declared an "outlaw league". Any person playing in an "outlaw league" would then be banned from playing in any other league or team affiliated with FIFA, and as nearly every league and team in the world was affiliated with the world soccer body, this would effectively ban a player from playing soccer anywhere.
To get USSFA approval, Cox worked through the existing American Soccer League, a USSFA-recognized league. This went so far that in 1961, the ASL scheduled only one game during the ISL season in order to keep from drawing fan support from the league.[2] Each year, the ISL played two halves to its season, with different sets of teams; the top team from each half played each other in a season-ending championship game. In order to give the American fans a greater stake in the league, Cox also decided to enter a team of U.S.-based players; this team, called variably New York, the New Yorkers and the New York Americans, was usually a mix of U.S.-based European professionals with some native all-stars. Cox also gained regional television coverage, and the associated revenue stream. While the games were initially played in the New York metropolitan area, as interest in the ISL increased, he expanded the league to Chicago, Detroit, Boston and Los Angeles.
The ISL lasted only through the end of the 1965 season before folding, not so much by its continuing financial losses (some $100,000 over five seasons), but due to the continuing hostility of the USSFA. The ISL's growing success, combined with Cox’ refusal to allow USSFA a part in the league management, led to the USSFA's fear losing control of soccer in the United States. In 1965 the organization forbade Cox from importing teams into the U.S. and threatened to declare the ISL an outlaw league. Cox was forced to fold the ISL, but sued USSFA in federal court for anti-trust violations, a suit he eventually won.[3] While the ISL played its last season in 1965, the model was used again in 1967 when the United Soccer Association (USA) imported foreign teams to populate its league and again in 1969 when the North American Soccer League (NASL) used imported teams for the first half of its season.
In 1967, Cox joined with several other investors to found the National Professional Soccer League, a non-USSFA sanctioned league which, the following year, merged with the US to become the NASL.[4]
List of champions
[edit]Teams were divided into two groups (Section I and Section II) where they played a single round-robin tournament. Teams placed first in each group, played a final match to decide a champion.[5]
Note: all the finals were held in New York City
| Ed. | Year | Champion | 1st. leg | 2nd. leg | Agg. | Runner-up | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1960 |  Bangu | 2–0 | – | 2–0 |  Kilmarnock | Polo Grounds |
2 | 1961 |  Dukla Prague | 7–2 | 2–0 | 9–2 |  Everton | Polo Grounds |
3 | 1962 | America (RJ) | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 |  Belenenses | Polo Grounds |
4 | 1963 | West Ham United | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | Górnik Zabrze | Polo Grounds |
5 | 1964 | Zagłębie Sosnowiec | 4–0 | 1–0 | 5–0 |  Werder Bremen | Downing Stadium |
6 | 1965 | Polonia Bytom | 3–0 | 2–1 | 5–1 |  New York Americans | Randall's Island Stadium |
American Challenge Cup
[edit]In 1962, the ISL initiated an annual challenge cup. It would pair the winner of the previous year's Challenge Cup winner with the current season's league champion. Dukla Prague had won the 1961 title, defeating Everton F.C. 7–2 and 2–0 in the championship. Therefore, they were paired in the first Challenge Cup with the 1962 season winner, América RJ. Dukla won and returned for the next three challenge cups, winning each, except for the last in which they fell to Polonia Bytom.
List of champions
[edit]
| Ed. | Year | Champion | 1st. leg | 2nd. leg | Agg. | Runner-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1960 | Bangu | – [n 1] | |||
2 | 1961 | Dukla Prague | – [n 1] | |||
2 | 1962 | Dukla Prague | 1–1 | 2–1 | 3–2 | America (RJ) |
2 | 1963 | Dukla Prague | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 | West Ham United |
2 | 1964 | Dukla Prague | 3–1 | 1–1 | 4–2 | Zagłębie Sosnowiec |
2 | 1965 | Polonia Bytom | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 | Dukla Prague |
- Notes
League MVP
[edit]Beginning in 1961, the league champion was awarded the Dwight D. Eisenhower trophy, but from 1962 to 1965 it was given to the league MVP. However, in 1960 and 1961 the best players in the tournament were Ademir da Guia (Bangu)[6] and Válter Santos (Bangu)[7] respectively.
| Year | Player | Team |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Ademir da Guia | Bangu |
| 1961 | Válter Santos | Bangu |
| 1962 | Carl Bogelein | Reutlingen |
| 1963 | Bobby Moore | West Ham United |
| 1964 | Gerhard Zebrowski | Werder Bremen |
| 1965 | Uwe Schwart | New York Americans |
Teams participations
[edit]Winning years are indicated in bold
References
[edit]- ^ "Torneio mundial de futebol nos Estados Unidos" on Estado de São Paulo Brazilian newspaper. January, 15, 1960, page 18.
- ^ The Year in American Soccer - 1961: The American Soccer League on Sover.net (archived, 9 Oct 1999)
- ^ The Year in American Soccer - 1965 on Sover.net
- ^ The Year in American Soccer - 1966 on Sover.net
- ^ USA - International Soccer League II by David A. Litterer at the RSSSF
- ^ Ademir sonha estrear Arena Palestra ao lado de ex-colegas do Palmeiras on Sportv.com, 4 Apr 2012
- ^ Bangu campaign in 1961 on Bangu.net
External links
[edit]- Annual standings by Dave Litterer on Sover.net (archived)
- USA - International Soccer League II by David A. Litterer on the RSSSF
- U.S. Soccer History Chapter 8. The 1960s: The Birth of the American Soccer Renaissance on Ayso88.org (archived)
- Series on Pitch Invasion.net by Tom Dunmore from 2011 (archived):
- Part 1: They Even Cheered Technique: The International Soccer League
- Part 2: In Lieu of Giants
- Part 3: Expanded Dreams
- Part 4: Struggling Towards Orbit