Island reversal

In both stock trading and financial technical analysis, an island reversal is a candlestick pattern with compact trading activity within a range of prices, separated from the move preceding it.^[1] A "candlestick pattern" is a movement in prices shown graphically on a candlestick chart. This separation shown on the chart, is said to be caused by an exhaustion gap and the subsequent move in the opposite direction occurs as a result of a breakaway gap.^{[citation needed]}

Close scrutiny of island reversal formations shows that the island reversal consists of an exhaustion gap and the subsequent move is followed by a breakaway gap. Uncommonly, the breakaway gap that completes the island is filled in a few days by a pull back as a result of the reaction. The island reversal can occur also, inversely, at the peak or the reverse of head and shoulders formations.

For example, assume that the price in a rising trend closes at its high of $84.00 and opens at $86.00 the following day and then does not fall below its opening. At the end of the day, it moves up further and touches $88.00, but closes at $87.60. Observation thus shows a gap of $2.00 which is not filled. On the following day, the market price opened at $87.40, touched a high of $88.90, and closed at $87.00. A few days later, or the very next day, the market price opens at $84.00 and closes at $82.90, keeping itself below the area of $86.00 and $84.00. All the trading above $86.00 will appear on the technical analysis chart to be isolated and is known as an "island reversal."

An example of a bearish island reversal pattern was identified by Kenneth Gruneisen and published via CANSLIM.net when ITT Educational Services (ESI) topped in January 2009. ESI fell from $120 to $12 in the 4 years that followed.^[2]

• It consists of a minor move.
• It is not, in itself, of major significance.
• It can occur at the top as well as at the bottom.
• The gaps at either end occur at almost the same price level.
• It has compact trading activity that is separated from the subsequent move, which is in the opposite direction.
• It is an extremely good indicator of a reversal of a primary or intermediate trend.
• As soon as it appears, it indicates that an extreme change in sentiment has occurred.
• High volume is expected in that compact trading area.
• The trading activity may last for only a single day or a couple of days. When this arrangement occurs for only a single day, it is known as "one-day reversal".