Kerry (Dáil constituency)
Kerry | |
---|---|
Dáil constituency | |
Major settlements | |
Current constituency | |
Created | 2016 |
Seats | 5 |
TDs | |
Local government area | County Kerry |
Created from | |
EP constituency | South |
Kerry | |
---|---|
Former Dáil constituency | |
Former constituency | |
Created | 1923 |
Abolished | 1937 |
Seats | 7 |
Local government area | County Kerry |
Created from | Kerry–Limerick West |
Replaced by |
Kerry is a parliamentary constituency that has been represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, since the 2016 general election. The constituency elects 5 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). Another constituency of the same name existed between 1923 and 1937.
History and boundaries
[edit]1923–1937
[edit]The constituency was created under the Electoral Act 1923, and first used at the 1923 general election to elect the 4th Dáil. It replaced the Kerry–Limerick West constituency which was used to elect the 2nd Dáil and the 3rd Dáil. It consisted of the administrative county of Kerry.[1] The constituency elected 7 deputies.
It was abolished by the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935 and the new Kerry South and Kerry North constituencies were created. They were first used at the 1937 general election for the 9th Dáil.
Since 2016
[edit]The Constituency Commission proposed in its 2012 report that at the next general election a new constituency called Kerry be created.[2] The report proposed changes to the constituencies of Ireland so as to reduce the total number of TDs from 166 to 158.[3]
It was established by the Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2013.[4] The new constituency replaces the constituencies of Kerry North–West Limerick and Kerry South. It comprises the whole of County Kerry with the Limerick part of the Kerry North–West Limerick transferred to Limerick County.
The 2013 Act defines the constituency as:[4]
"The county of Kerry."
The Constituency Review Report 2023 of the Electoral Commission recommended that no change be made at the next general election.[5]
TDs
[edit]TDs 1923–1937
[edit]Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Kerry 1923–1937[6] | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key to parties
| |||||||||||||||
Dáil | Election | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | |||||||
4th | 1923[7] | Tom McEllistrim (Rep) | Austin Stack (Rep) | Patrick Cahill (Rep) | Thomas O'Donoghue (Rep) | James Crowley (CnaG) | Fionán Lynch (CnaG) | John O'Sullivan (CnaG) | |||||||
5th | 1927 (Jun)[8] | Tom McEllistrim (FF) | Austin Stack (SF) | William O'Leary (FF) | Thomas O'Reilly (FF) | ||||||||||
6th | 1927 (Sep)[9] | Frederick Crowley (FF) | |||||||||||||
7th | 1932[10] | John Flynn (FF) | Eamon Kissane (FF) | ||||||||||||
8th | 1933[11] | Denis Daly (FF) | |||||||||||||
9th | 1937 | Constituency abolished. See Kerry North and Kerry South |
Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.
TDs since 2016
[edit]Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Kerry 2016– | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key to parties
| |||||||||||
Dáil | Election | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | Deputy (Party) | |||||
32nd | 2016[12] | Martin Ferris (SF) | Michael Healy-Rae (Ind) | Danny Healy-Rae (Ind) | John Brassil (FF) | Brendan Griffin (FG) | |||||
33rd | 2020[13] | Pa Daly (SF) | Norma Foley (FF) |
Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.
Elections
[edit]^ *: Outgoing TD
2020 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||
Independent | Michael Healy-Rae[*] | 21.6 | 16,818 | ||||||||
Sinn Féin | Pa Daly | 20.3 | 15,733 | ||||||||
Fine Gael | Brendan Griffin[*] | 13.3 | 10,296 | 10,838 | 11,073 | 11,261 | 12,255 | 14,703 | |||
Independent | Danny Healy-Rae[*] | 11.2 | 8,663 | 10,604 | 11,333 | 12,090 | 12,664 | 13,000 | |||
Fianna Fáil | Norma Foley | 8.8 | 6,856 | 7,271 | 7,647 | 7,934 | 9,111 | 9,593 | 10,128 | 11,989 | |
Fianna Fáil | John Brassil[*] | 7.0 | 5,431 | 5,665 | 5,844 | 6,089 | 6,748 | 7,230 | 7,682 | 8,655 | |
Green | Cleo Murphy | 5.3 | 4,122 | 4,273 | 4,808 | 5,263 | 5,604 | 5,811 | 6,229 | ||
Fine Gael | Mike Kennelly | 5.1 | 3,974 | 4,153 | 4,278 | 4,379 | 4,419 | ||||
Fianna Fáil | Norma Moriarty | 4.9 | 3,767 | 4,049 | 4,145 | 4,217 | |||||
Aontú | Sonny Foran | 1.4 | 1,109 | 1,180 | 1,404 | ||||||
Irish Freedom | John Bowler | 0.6 | 473 | 501 | 640 | ||||||
Independent | Ted Cronin | 0.5 | 391 | 417 | 544 | ||||||
Independent | Sean O'Leary | 0.1 | 33 | 37 | 60 | ||||||
Electorate: 116,885 Valid: 77,666 Spoilt: 543 (0.7%) Quota: 12,945 Turnout: 66.9% |
2020 opinion poll
[edit]Last date of polling | Polling firm / Commissioner | Sample size | M Healy-Rae | FF | SF | FG | GP | Aon | IFP | D Healy-Rae | Cronin | O'Leary | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 February 2020 | TG4/Ipsos MRBI[18] | 538 | 19.6 | 23.0 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 9.0 | 2.0 | 0 | 3.9 | 1 | 0 | Tie |
2016 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||
Independent | Michael Healy-Rae[*] | 25.7 | 20,378 | |||||||||||
Independent | Danny Healy-Rae | 12.6 | 9,991 | 13,826 | ||||||||||
Fine Gael | Brendan Griffin[*] | 12.2 | 9,674 | 10,381 | 10,520 | 10,608 | 10,661 | 10,827 | 10,999 | 11,223 | 11,396 | 12,545 | 14,050 | |
Sinn Féin | Martin Ferris[*] | 11.9 | 9,458 | 10,098 | 10,214 | 10,321 | 10,364 | 10,418 | 10,490 | 10,583 | 11,722 | 12,184 | 12,964 | |
Fianna Fáil | John Brassil | 10.3 | 8,156 | 8,642 | 8,719 | 8,764 | 8,957 | 9,005 | 9,137 | 9,242 | 9,495 | 11,955 | 12,792 | |
Fine Gael | Jimmy Deenihan[*] | 8.2 | 6,489 | 6,827 | 6,872 | 6,901 | 6,944 | 7,168 | 7,257 | 7,326 | 7,630 | 7,849 | 9,779 | |
Labour | Arthur Spring[*] | 6.1 | 4,813 | 5,011 | 5,036 | 5,067 | 5,093 | 5,281 | 5,356 | 5,601 | 5,887 | 6,139 | ||
Fianna Fáil | Norma Moriarty | 5.5 | 4,348 | 4,893 | 5,012 | 5,032 | 5,081 | 5,114 | 5,172 | 5,252 | 5,392 | |||
Independent | Michael O'Gorman | 1.6 | 1,236 | 1,364 | 1,380 | 1,487 | 1,529 | 1,536 | 1,589 | 1,674 | ||||
AAA–PBP | Brian Finucane | 1.2 | 981 | 1,046 | 1,058 | 1,129 | 1,161 | 1,169 | 1,261 | 1,429 | ||||
Green | Michael Fitzgerald | 1.3 | 1,011 | 1,050 | 1,059 | 1,085 | 1,123 | 1,135 | 1,222 | |||||
Renua | Donal Corcoran | 0.9 | 716 | 769 | 780 | 801 | 886 | 900 | ||||||
Fine Gael | Grace O'Donnell | 1.0 | 776 | 817 | 827 | 836 | 854 | |||||||
Independent | Mary Fitzgibbon | 0.8 | 635 | 690 | 707 | 752 | ||||||||
Independent | Kevin Murphy | 0.6 | 464 | 491 | 505 | |||||||||
Independent | Henry Gaynor | 0.2 | 147 | 155 | 158 | |||||||||
Electorate: 112,751 Valid: 79,273 Spoilt: 476 (0.6%) Quota: 13,213 Turnout: 79,749 (70.7%) |
1933 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||
Fianna Fáil | Eamon Kissane[*] | 15.2 | 10,238 | ||||||
Fianna Fáil | Tom McEllistrim[*] | 14.4 | 9,694 | ||||||
Fianna Fáil | John Flynn[*] | 13.9 | 9,372 | ||||||
Fianna Fáil | Denis Daly | 12.3 | 8,290 | 9,558 | |||||
Fianna Fáil | Frederick Crowley[*] | 11.9 | 8,039 | 8,439 | |||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Fionán Lynch[*] | 9.7 | 6,578 | 6,600 | 6,825 | 7,698 | 8,056 | 8,083 | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | John O'Sullivan[*] | 9.3 | 6,259 | 6,265 | 6,510 | 7,415 | 7,746 | 7,749 | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | Con Brosnan | 8.7 | 5,867 | 5,938 | 6,187 | 7,362 | 7,610 | 7,636 | |
National Centre Party | Edmond O'Connor | 4.7 | 3,141 | 3,177 | 3,629 | ||||
Electorate: 83,371 Valid: 67,478 Quota: 8,435 Turnout: 80.9% |
1932 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
Fianna Fáil | John Flynn | 12.7 | 7,638 | |||||
Fianna Fáil | Eamon Kissane | 12.2 | 7,364 | 7,459 | 8,386 | |||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Fionán Lynch[*] | 10.4 | 6,266 | 7,412 | 8,067 | |||
Fianna Fáil | Tom McEllistrim[*] | 11.5 | 6,930 | 7,062 | 7,733 | |||
Fianna Fáil | Frederick Crowley[*] | 11.8 | 7,134 | 7,306 | 7,675 | |||
Fianna Fáil | Thomas O'Reilly[*] | 11.1 | 6,691 | 6,923 | 7,273 | 7,635 | ||
Cumann na nGaedheal | John O'Sullivan[*] | 9.4 | 5,686 | 6,340 | 7,146 | 7,181 | 7,480 | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | James Crowley[*] | 7.7 | 4,644 | 5,200 | 6,072 | 6,265 | 6,490 | |
Farmers' Party | Patrick Trant | 7.5 | 4,548 | 4,854 | ||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | John Moore | 5.7 | 3,409 | |||||
Electorate: 79,465 Valid: 60,310 Quota: 7,539 Turnout: 75.9% |
September 1927 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Fionán Lynch[*] | 12.3 | 6,866 | 7,108 | |||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | John O'Sullivan[*] | 11.3 | 6,296 | 6,373 | 7,958 | ||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | James Crowley[*] | 10.1 | 5,651 | 5,841 | 6,114 | 8,754 | |||
Fianna Fáil | Tom McEllistrim[*] | 11.1 | 6,190 | 6,309 | 6,579 | 6,938 | 7,073 | ||
Fianna Fáil | William O'Leary[*] | 10.7 | 5,993 | 6,378 | 6,508 | 6,720 | 6,860 | 6,966 | |
Fianna Fáil | Frederick Crowley | 10.3 | 5,762 | 5,784 | 6,040 | 6,189 | 6,221 | 6,401 | |
Fianna Fáil | Thomas O'Reilly[*] | 10.8 | 6,039 | 6,044 | 6,166 | 6,250 | 6,269 | 6,314 | |
Fianna Fáil | Michael O'Donnell | 9.0 | 5,027 | 5,066 | 5,157 | 5,341 | 5,422 | 5,477 | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | Thomas Slattery | 6.2 | 3,473 | 3,639 | 4,052 | ||||
Farmers' Party | Patrick O'Shea | 5.2 | 2,903 | 3,300 | |||||
Farmers' Party | Maurice Lawlor | 3.0 | 1,691 | ||||||
Electorate: 78,540 Valid: 55,891 Quota: 6,987 Turnout: 71.2% |
June 1927 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Fionán Lynch[*] | 10.2 | 5,483 | 5,512 | 5,576 | 5,605 | 5,638 | 5,682 | 5,704 | 6,181 | 6,765 | |||||||
Sinn Féin | Austin Stack[*] | 9.5 | 5,140 | 5,185 | 5,225 | 5,338 | 5,462 | 5,563 | 5,668 | 5,716 | 5,805 | 5,955 | 7,511 | |||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | John O'Sullivan[*] | 8.5 | 4,569 | 4,577 | 4,607 | 4,677 | 4,708 | 4,754 | 4,897 | 5,210 | 5,498 | 6,563 | 6,669 | 6,682 | 7,161 | |||
Cumann na nGaedheal | James Crowley[*] | 7.9 | 4,246 | 4,253 | 4,268 | 4,313 | 4,331 | 4,663 | 4,707 | 4,885 | 5,408 | 5,518 | 5,558 | 5,571 | 5,826 | 5,933 | 6,584 | |
Fianna Fáil | William O'Leary | 7.1 | 3,849 | 3,864 | 3,897 | 3,919 | 4,002 | 4,113 | 4,172 | 4,188 | 4,591 | 4,654 | 5,250 | 5,531 | 5,884 | 5,902 | 6,251 | |
Fianna Fáil | Tom McEllistrim[*] | 6.0 | 3,207 | 3,259 | 3,369 | 3,434 | 3,534 | 3,671 | 3,878 | 3,948 | 4,032 | 4,222 | 4,564 | 4,831 | 5,546 | 5,575 | 6,133 | |
Fianna Fáil | Thomas O'Reilly | 8.3 | 4,492 | 4,493 | 4,510 | 4,561 | 4,593 | 4,608 | 4,625 | 4,628 | 4,636 | 4,765 | 4,904 | 4,977 | 5,108 | 5,121 | 5,325 | |
Fianna Fáil | Frederick Crowley[*] | 6.3 | 3,370 | 3,381 | 3,392 | 3,554 | 3,575 | 3,630 | 3,659 | 3,690 | 3,736 | 3,945 | 4,035 | 4,111 | 4,403 | 4,418 | 4,935 | |
Farmers' Party | Patrick O'Shea | 4.1 | 2,205 | 2,207 | 2,275 | 2,355 | 2,372 | 2,399 | 3,168 | 3,253 | 3,366 | 3,919 | 4,053 | 4,067 | 4,223 | 4,272 | ||
Labour | Patrick Casey | 4.0 | 2,141 | 2,266 | 2,283 | 2,401 | 2,876 | 2,919 | 2,969 | 3,133 | 3,269 | 3,404 | 3,541 | 3,579 | ||||
Fianna Fáil | Michael O'Donnell | 5.5 | 2,975 | 2,980 | 3,064 | 3,085 | 3,115 | 3,165 | 3,192 | 3,271 | 3,303 | 3,359 | ||||||
Independent | Eugene O'Sullivan | 4.5 | 2,405 | 2,414 | 2,451 | 2,565 | 2,589 | 2,675 | 2,751 | 2,830 | 2,926 | |||||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Florence Harty | 3.8 | 2,063 | 2,089 | 2,110 | 2,119 | 2,149 | 2,198 | 2,247 | 2,590 | ||||||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Thomas Dennehy | 3.2 | 1,749 | 1,795 | 1,817 | 1,836 | 1,867 | 1,884 | 1,977 | |||||||||
Farmers' Party | Charles Roche | 3.0 | 1,637 | 1,644 | 1,682 | 1,695 | 1,713 | 1,746 | ||||||||||
Independent | William McElligott | 2.1 | 1,109 | 1,131 | 1,166 | 1,187 | 1,208 | |||||||||||
Labour | Diarmuid O'Leary | 2.0 | 1,054 | 1,082 | 1,106 | 1,116 | ||||||||||||
Independent | Kate Breen | 1.8 | 978 | 983 | 994 | |||||||||||||
Farmers' Party | John Kavanagh | 1.4 | 729 | 741 | ||||||||||||||
Clann Éireann | Eamon Horan | 0.9 | 484 | |||||||||||||||
Electorate: 78,540 Valid: 53,885 Quota: 6,736 Turnout: 68.6% |
1923 general election
[edit]Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||
Republican | Austin Stack[*] | 18.8 | 10,333 | |||||||||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Fionán Lynch[*] | 16.4 | 8,982 | |||||||||||
Republican | Tom McEllistrim | 13.3 | 7,277 | |||||||||||
Republican | Thomas O'Donoghue[*] | 8.0 | 4,414 | 5,839 | 5,862 | 6,018 | 6,038 | 6,141 | 6,162 | 6,232 | 6,363 | 6,514 | 6,972 | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | John O'Sullivan | 6.9 | 3,759 | 3,807 | 4,500 | 4,508 | 4,524 | 4,607 | 5,167 | 5,428 | 5,542 | 6,087 | 6,759 | |
Cumann na nGaedheal | James Crowley[*] | 6.9 | 3,759 | 3,773 | 4,321 | 4,323 | 4,468 | 4,519 | 5,304 | 5,486 | 5,588 | 5,992 | 6,648 | |
Republican | Patrick Cahill[*] | 4.9 | 2,708 | 4,144 | 4,152 | 4,315 | 4,324 | 4,498 | 4,524 | 4,609 | 4,891 | 5,170 | 5,955 | |
Farmers' Party | Denis Brosnan | 5.8 | 3,182 | 3,254 | 3,344 | 3,361 | 3,388 | 3,507 | 3,569 | 4,629 | 4,884 | 5,224 | 5,468 | |
Labour | Patrick Casey | 4.2 | 2,329 | 2,447 | 2,481 | 2,496 | 2,543 | 2,733 | 2,860 | 2,942 | 4,060 | 4,324 | ||
Independent | Thomas O'Donnell | 3.0 | 1,640 | 1,727 | 1,809 | 1,822 | 1,846 | 1,997 | 2,131 | 2,317 | 2,390 | |||
Labour | Cormack Walsh | 3.6 | 1,974 | 2,030 | 2,062 | 2,071 | 2,091 | 2,155 | 2,181 | 2,218 | ||||
Farmers' Party | John O'Neill | 3.1 | 1,674 | 1,781 | 1,868 | 1,879 | 1,892 | 2,021 | 2,128 | |||||
Cumann na nGaedheal | Thomas Dennehy | 2.4 | 1,308 | 1,324 | 1,805 | 1,807 | 1,837 | 1,940 | ||||||
Independent | Jeremiah McSweeney | 2.0 | 1,124 | 1,203 | 1,243 | 1,267 | 1,289 | |||||||
Independent | Edward J. Gleeson | 0.7 | 382 | 401 | 409 | 410 | ||||||||
Electorate: 90,156 Valid: 54,845 Quota: 6,856 Turnout: 60.8% |
See also
[edit]- Dáil constituencies
- Elections in the Republic of Ireland
- Politics of the Republic of Ireland
- List of Dáil by-elections
- List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland
References
[edit]- ^ "Electoral Act, 1923". Irish Statute Book database. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ "Constituency Commission Report 2012 – Kerry – Limerick area" (PDF). Constituency Commission. 21 June 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ^ "Constituency Commission Report 2012 – Introduction and summary of recommendation" (PDF). Constituency Commission. 21 June 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ^ a b "Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2013: Schedule". Irish Statute Book database. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ^ "Constituency Review Report 2023" (PDF). Electoral Commission. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- ^ Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
- ^ a b "General election 1923: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ a b "General election June 1927: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ a b "General election September 1927: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ a b "General election 1932: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ a b "General election 1933: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ a b "General election 2016: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
- ^ a b "General election 2020: Kerry". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "General Election 2020 Results – Kerry". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "Kerry: 2020 General Election". Irelandelection.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ Michael, Neil (10 February 2020) [9 February 2020]. "Kerry results: Danny Healy-Rae retains seat on sixth count". Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
- ^ "Election 2020: Kerry". Irish Times. Dublin. 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
- ^ "Iomaíocht ghéar i ndáilcheantar Chiarraí - pobalbhreith TG4". tg4.ie (in Irish). Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Kerry Results 2016". Irelandelection.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ^ "Kerry Results 2016". RTÉ. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Gallagher, Michael (1993). Irish Elections 1922-44: Results and Analysis. PSAI Press. ISBN 0951974815.
External links
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