List of Chinese empresses and queens
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The following is a list of empresses and queens consort of China. China has periodically been divided into kingdoms as well as united under empires, resulting in consorts titled both queen and empress. The empress title could also be given posthumously.
Empresses and queens consort
[edit]The title of empress consort (皇后, húanghòu) could also be given posthumously. The posthumous empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.
Zhou dynasty
[edit]| Name | Birth | Became Queen | Ceased to be Queen | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tai Si | c. 12th century BC | 1099 BC | 1050 BC | c. 11th century BC | King Wen |
| Queen Yi Jiang (邑姜) | 1046 BC | 1043 BC | King Wu | ||
| Wáng Sì (王姒) | King Cheng | ||||
| Wáng Jiāng (王姜) | King Kang | ||||
| Queen Fáng (房后) | King Zhao | ||||
| Wáng Zǔ Jiāng (王俎姜) | King Mu | ||||
| Wáng Guī (王媯) | King Gong | ||||
| Wáng Bó Jiāng (王伯姜) | King Yi | ||||
| Wáng Jīng (王京) | King Xiao | ||||
| Wáng Jí (王姞) | King Yi | ||||
| Shēn Jiāng (王姞) | King Li | ||||
| Queen Jiang | 827 BC | 782 BC | King Xuan | ||
| Queen Shēn (申后) | 782 BC | 772 BC | King You | ||
| Bao Si (褒姒) | 779 BC | 771 BC | |||
| Jì Jì Jiāng (紀季姜) | King Huan | ||||
| Chén Guī (陈妫) | King Hui | ||||
| Queen Dí (翟后) | King Xiang | ||||
| Qí Jiāng (周灵王) | King Ling | ||||
| Queen Mù (穆后) | 527 BC | King Jing |
Western Han dynasty
[edit]| Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Empress | Ceased to be Empress | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress Lü Zhi | Lü Wen, Prince Xuan of Lü Princess Consort Xuan | 241 BC | 202 BC | 195 BC | 18 Aug 180 BC | Emperor Gaozu of Han | |
| Empress Zhang Yan | Zhang Ao, Prince of Zhao | 192 BC | 192 BC | 188 BC | 163 BC | Emperor Hui of Han | |
| Empress Lü | Lü Lu (呂祿) | c.205 BC | 184 BC | 180 BC | c.180 BC | Emperor Houshao of Han | |
| Empress Dou | Dou Chong, Marquis Ancheng | 205 BC | 179 BC | 179 BC | 157 BC | 135 BC | Emperor Wen of Han |
| Empress Bo | 158 BC | 157 BC | 151 BC | 147 BC | Emperor Jing of Han | ||
| Empress Wang Zhi | Wang Zhong Zang Er | 173 BC | 150 BC | 126 BC | |||
| Empress Chen Jiao | Chen Wu, Marquess of Tangyi Liu Piao, Princess Guantao | 141 BC | 130 BC | c.110 BC | Emperor Wu of Han | ||
| Empress Wei Zifu | Madam Wei (衛媼) | 128 BC | 91 BC | ||||
| Empress Shangguan | Lady Huo | 89 BC(?) | 84 BC | 83 BC | 74 BC: | 37 BC | Emperor Zhao of Han |
| Empress Xu Pingjun | Xu Guanghan | c.90 BC | c. 76 BC | 74 BC | 71 BC | Emperor Xuan of Han | |
| Empress Huo Chengjun | Huo Guang Lady Xian | 70 BC: | 66 BC | 54 BC | |||
| Empress Wang | Wang Fengguang, Marquess of Qiongcheng | 64 BC | 49 BC | 16 BC | |||
| Empress Wang Zhengjun | Wang Jin, Marquess of Yangping Li Qin | 71 BC | c.50 BC | 48 BC | 33 BC | 13 AD | Emperor Yuan of Han |
| Empress Xu | Xu Jia, the Marquess of Ping'en | 31 BC | 18 BC | 8 BC | Emperor Cheng of Han | ||
| Empress Zhao Feiyan | c. 32 BC | 16 BC | 7 BC | 1 BC | |||
| Empress Fu | Fu Yan, Marquis of Kongxiang | 6 BC | 1 BC | Emperor Ai of Han | |||
| Empress Wang | Wang Mang | 8 BC | 4 AD | 5 AD | 23 AD | Emperor Ping of Han | |
Xin dynasty
[edit]| Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Empress | Ceased to be Empress | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress Wang | Wang Xian, Marquess of Yichin | 9 AD | 21 AD | Emperor Wang Mang | |||
| Empress Shi | Shi Chen (史諶) | 23 AD | |||||
Eastern Han dynasty
[edit]- AD 26–41: Guo Shengtong
- 41–57: Empress Yin Lihua
- 60–75: Empress Ma
- 78–88: Empress Dou
- 96–102: Empress Yin
- 102–106: Empress Deng Sui
- 108–125: Empress Yan Ji
- 132–144: Empress Liang Na
- 147–159: Empress Liang Nüying
- 159–165: Empress Deng Mengnü
- 165–168: Empress Dou Miao
- 171–178: Empress Song
- 180–189: Empress He
- 195–214: Empress Fu Shou
- 215–220: Empress Cao Jie
Three Kingdoms period
[edit]Cao Wei
[edit]- 222–226: Empress Guo Nüwang
- 227–237: Empress Mao
- 238–239: Empress Guo
- 243–251: Empress Zhen
- 252–254: Empress Zhang
- 254: Empress Wang
- 255–260: Empress Bian
- 263–265: Empress Bian
Shu Han
[edit]- 221–223: Empress Wu
- 223–237: Empress Zhang
- 238–263: Empress Zhang
Eastern Wu
[edit]- 251–252: Empress Pan
- 252–258: Empress Quan Huijie
- 262–264: Empress Zhu
- 264–280: Empress Teng Fanglan
Jin dynasty
[edit]- 265–274: Empress Yang Yan
- 276–290: Empress Yang Zhi
- 290–300: Empress Jia Nanfeng
- 300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307: Yang Xianrong
- 307–311: Empress Liang Lanbi
- 323–326: Empress Yu Wenjun
- 336–341: Empress Du
- 342–344: Empress Chu Suanzi
- 357–361: Empress He Fani
- 361–365: Empress Wang Muzhi
- 365–366: Empress Yu Daolian
- 375–380: Empress Wang Fahui
- 396–403, 404–412: Empress Wang Shen'ai
- 419–420: Chu Lingyuan
Huan Chu dynasty
[edit]- 403–404: Empress Liu
Sixteen Kingdoms period
[edit]Cheng Han
[edit]- 315–334: Empress Ren
- 334–338?: Empress Yan
- 338–343: Empress Yan
- 343–347: Empress Li
Han-Zhao
[edit]- 304–?: Empress Huyan
- 310: Empress Dan
- 310–312: Empress Huyan
- 313: Empress Zhang
- 313–314: Empress Liu E
- 315–318: Empress Jin Yueguang
- 315–318: Left Empress Liu
- 315–318: Empress Jin Yuehua
- 316–318: Upper Empress Fan
- 318: Left Empress Wang
- 318: Middle Empress Xuan
- 318: Empress Jin
- 319–322: Empress Yang
- 325–326: Empress Liu
- 326–329: Empress Liu
Later Zhao
[edit]- 330–333: Empress Liu
- 337: Zheng Yingtao
- 337–348: Du Zhu
- 348–349: Empress Liu
- 349: Empress Zhang
Ran Wei
[edit]- 350–352: Empress Dong
Former Liang
[edit]- 324?-346: Princess Yan
- 346?-354: Princess Pei
- 354–355: Empress Xin
Later Liang
[edit]- 389–400: Princess Shi
- 400–401: Empress Yang
- 401–403: Empress Yang
Western Liang
[edit]Northern Liang
[edit]- 401–433: Princess Meng
- 433?-437: Princess Li Jingshou
- 437–439: Princess Tuoba
Southern Liang
[edit]- 408–414: Queen Zhejue
Former Qin
[edit]- 351–355: Empress Qiang
- 355: Empress Liang
- 357–385: Empress Gou
- 385–386: Empress Yang
- 387–389: Empress Mao
- 392–393: Empress Li
Later Qin
[edit]- 386–394: Empress She
- 402–?: Empress Zhang
- 412–?: Empress Qi
- 416–417: Yao Hong's empress
Western Qin
[edit]- 388–394, 394–400, 409–412: Queen Bian
- 394: Queen Fu
- 414–423: Queen Tufa
- 429–431: Queen Liang
Former Yan
[edit]- 337–348: Princess Duan
- 348?–360: Empress Kezuhun
- 369–370: Empress Kezuhun
Later Yan
[edit]- 388–396: Duan Yuanfei
- 396–398: Empress Duan
- 404–407: Fu Xunying
- 407–409: Empress Li
Northern Yan
[edit]- 409–?: Princess Sun
- 430–?: Princess Murong
Southern Yan
[edit]- 398–405: Duan Jifei
- 408–410: Empress Huyan
Xia
[edit]- 407–425: Empress Kezuhun
- 425–427: Helian Chang's empress
Northern and Southern dynasties
[edit]Liu Song
[edit]- 422–424: Empress Sima Maoying
- 424–440: Empress Yuan Qigui
- 453: Empress Yin Yuying
- 453–464: Empress Wang Xianyuan
- 465: Empress Lu
- 465–472: Empress Wang Zhenfeng
- 472–477: Empress Jiang Jiangui
- 478–479: Empress Xie Fanjing
Southern Qi
[edit]- 493–494: He Jingying
- 494: Wang Shaoming
- 498–501: Chu Lingqu
- 501–502: Wang Shunhua
Northern Wei
[edit]- 400–409: Empress Murong
- 432–452: Empress Helian
- 456–465: Empress Feng
- 493–497: Empress Feng Qing
- 497–499: Empress Feng Run
- 501–507: Empress Yu
- 508–515: Empress Gao
- 5??–528: Empress Hu
- 528–530: Empress Erzhu Ying'e
- 530–531: Empress Erzhu
- 532: Empress Erzhu
- 533–534: Empress Gao
Western Wei
[edit]- 535–538: Empress Yifu
- 538–540: Empress Yujiulü
- 553–554: Empress Yuwen
- 554–556: Empress Ruogan
Eastern Wei
[edit]- 539–550: Empress Gao
Northern Qi
[edit]- 550–559: Empress Li Zu'e
- 560–561: Empress Yuan
- 561–565: Empress Hu
- 565–572: Empress Hulü
- 572–573: Empress Hu
- 572–577: Empress Mu
Liang dynasty
[edit]- 551: Empress Zhang
- Empress Wang
- 560–561: Empress Wang
Chen dynasty
[edit]Northern Zhou
[edit]- 557–557: Empress Yuan Humo
- 568–568: Empress Dugu
- 568–578: Empress Ashina
- 578–579: Yang Lihua
- 579–580: Empress Sima Lingji
Sui dynasty
[edit]- 581–602: Dugu Qieluo, empress consort of Emperor Wen
- 605–618: Empress Xiao, empress consort of Emperor Yang
Tang dynasty
[edit]
- 626–636: Empress Zhangsun, empress consort of Emperor Taizong
- 650–655: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
- 655–684: Wu Zetian, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong, later also an empress regnant
- 684–684: Empress Wei, empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong
- 684–690: Empress Liu, empress consort of Emperor Ruizong
- 705–710: Empress Wei (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhongzong
- 710–710: Empress Lu, empress consort of Emperor Shang
- 712–724: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Xuanzong
- 758–762: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Emperor Suzong
- 786–786: Empress Wang, empress consort of Emperor Dezong
- 898–900: Empress He, empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong
- 901–904: Empress He (second time), empress consort of Emperor Zhaozong
- Qin
- Empress Ju
- Han (Dingyang)
- Empress Ju
- Xia
- Yan
- Qi
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
[edit]Qi
[edit]- 907–924: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Maozhen
Former Shu
[edit]- 908–918: Empress Zhou, empress consort of Wang Jian
- 918–921: Empress Gao, first empress consort of Wang Zongyan
- 921–926: Empress Jin Feishan, second empress consort of Wang Yan
Yan
[edit]- 911–913: Empress Li and Empress Zhu, empress consorts of Liu Shouguang
Later Liang
[edit]- 912–913: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Zhu Yougui
Southern Han
[edit]- 919–935: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Yan
Later Tang
[edit]- 924–926: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Cunxu
- 930–933: Empress Cao, empress consort of Li Siyuan
- 934–934: Empress Kong, empress consort of Li Conghou
- 934–936: Empress Liu, empress consort of Li Congke
Wu
[edit]- 933–937: Empress Wang, empress consort of Yang Pu
Min
[edit]- 935–935: Empress Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of Wang Yanjun
- 936–939: Empress Li Chunyan, empress consort of Wang Jipeng
- 942–944: Empress Li, empress consort of Wang Yanxi
Southern Tang
[edit]- 937–943: Empress Song, empress consort of Li Bian
- 943–961: Empress Zhong, empress consort of Li Jing
- 961–965: Queen Zhou the Elder, first queen consort of Li Yu
- 968–975: Queen Zhou the Younger, second queen consort of Li Yu
Later Jin
[edit]- 941–942: Empress Li, empress consort of Shi Jingtang
- 943–946: Empress Feng, empress consort of Shi Chonggui
Yin
[edit]- 943–?: Empress Zhang, empress consort of Wang Yanzheng
Later Han
[edit]- 947–948: Empress Li, empress consort of Liu Zhiyuan
Later Zhou
[edit]- 954–956: Empress Fu the Elder, first empress consort of Chai Rong
- 959–959: Empress Dowager Fu (Later Zhou), second empress consort of Chai Rong
Northern Han
[edit]- ?–968: Empress Guo, empress consort of Liu Jun
- 968–?: Empress Ma, empress consort of Liu Jiyuan
Song dynasty
[edit]
- 960–963: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Taizu
- 968–976: Empress Song, second empress consort of Emperor Taizu
- 984–997: Empress Li, empress consort of Emperor Taizong
- 997–1007: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong
- 1012–1022: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhenzong and Senior regent Song dynasty
- 1024–1033: Empress Guo, first empress consort of Emperor Renzong
- 1034–1063: Empress Cao, second empress consort of Emperor Renzong
- 1065–1067: Empress Gao, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
- 1068–1085: Empress Xiang, empress consort of Emperor Shenzong
- 1092–1096: Empress Meng, first empress consort of Emperor Zhezong
- 1099–1100: Empress Liu, second empress consort of Emperor Zhezong
- 1100–1108: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1111–1126: Empress Zheng, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1126–1127: Empress Zhu, empress consort of Emperor Qinzong
- 1127–1139: Empress Xing, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
- 1143–1162: Empress Wu, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong
- 1162–1167: Empress Xia, first empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong
- 1167–1189: Empress Xie, second empress consort of Emperor Xiaozong
- 1189–1194: Empress Li Fengniang, empress consort of Emperor Guangzong
- 1194–1200: Empress Han, first empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
- 1200–1224: Empress Yang, second empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
- 1227–1264: Empress Xie Daoqing, empress consort of Emperor Lizong
- 1267–1274: Empress Quan, empress consort of Emperor Duzong
Yuan dynasty
[edit]
- 1260–1281: Chabi, first empress consort of Emperor Shizu
- 1283–1294: Nambui, second empress consort of Emperor Shizu
- 1295–1307: Bulugan, empress consort of Emperor Chengzong
- 1310–1311: Zhenge, empress consort of Emperor Wuzong
- 1313–1320: Radnashiri, empress consort of Emperor Renzong
- 1321–1323: Sugabala, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong
- 1324–1328: Babukhan Khatun, empress consort of Emperor Taiding
- 1328–1329: Budashiri, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
- 1329–1329: Babusha, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong
- 1329–1332: Budashiri (second time), empress consort of Emperor Wenzong
- 1332–1332: Daliyetemishi, empress consort of Emperor Ningzong
- 1333–1335: Danashri, first empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1337–1365: Bayan Khutugh, second empress consort of Emperor Huizong
- 1340–1370: Empress Gi, third empress consort of Emperor Huizong
Ming dynasty
[edit]
- 1368–1382: Empress Ma, empress consort of the Hongwu Emperor
- 1399–1402: Empress Ma, empress consort of the Jianwen Emperor
- 1402–1407: Empress Xu, empress consort of the Yongle Emperor
- 1424–1425: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Hongxi Emperor
- 1425–1428: Empress Hu Shanxiang, first empress consort of the Xuande Emperor
- 1428–1435: Empress Sun, second empress consort of the Xuande Emperor
- 1442–1449: Empress Qian, empress consort of the Zhengtong Emperor
- 1449–1452: Empress Wang, first empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor
- 1452–1456: Empress Hang, second empress consort of the Jingtai Emperor
- 1457–1464: Empress Qian (second time), empress consort of the Tianshun Emperor (former Zhengtong Emperor)
- 1464–1464: Empress Wu, first empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor
- 1464–1487: Empress Wang, second empress consort of the Chenghua Emperor
- 1487–1505: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Hongzhi Emperor
- 1506–1521: Empress Xia, empress consort of the Zhengde Emperor
- 1522–1528: Empress Chen, first empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
- 1528–1534: Empress Zhang, second empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
- 1534–1547: Empress Fang, third empress consort of the Jiajing Emperor
- 1566–1572: Empress Chen, empress consort of the Longqing Emperor
- 1578–1620: Empress Wang Xijie, empress consort of the Wanli Emperor
- 1621–1627: Empress Zhang, empress consort of the Tianqi Emperor
- 1628–1644: Empress Zhou, empress consort of the Chongzhen Emperor
Southern Ming
[edit]- 1645–1646: Empress Zeng, empress consort of the Longwu Emperor
- 1646–1662: Empress Wang, empress consort of the Yongli Emperor
Qing dynasty
[edit]| Emperor | Empress consort* | Picture | Birth | Became empress consort | Ceased to be empress consort | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hong Taiji | Jerjer, Empress Xiaoduanwen of the Mongol Borjigit clan |  | 31 May 1599 | August 1636 | 21 September 1643 husband's death | 28 May 1649 |
| Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor | Erdeni Bumba, Empress of the Mongol Borjigit clan |  | 27 September 1651 | 25 October 1653 deposed | ||
| Alatan Qiqige, Empress Xiaohuizhang of the Mongol Borjigit clan |  | 5 November 1641 | July/August 1654 | 5 February 1661 husband's death | 7 January 1718 | |
| Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor | Empress Xiaochengren of the Manchu Hešeri clan |  | 3 February 1654 | October/November 1665 | 6 June 1674 | |
| Empress Xiaozhaoren of the Manchu Niohuru clan |  | 1653 | 18 September 1677 | 18 March 1678 | ||
| Empress Xiaoyiren of the Manchu Tunggiya clan |  | 23 August 1689 | 24 August 1689 | |||
| Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor | Duoqimuli, Empress Xiaojingxian of the Manchu Ula-nara clan |  | 28 June 1681 | 28 March 1723 | 29 October 1731 | |
| Hongli, the Qianlong Emperor | Empress Xiaoxianchun of the Manchu Fuca clan |  | 28 March 1712 | 23 January 1738 | 8 April 1748 | |
| Empress of the Manchu Nara clan |  | 11 March 1718 | 2 September 1750 | 19 August 1766 | ||
| Yongyan, the Jiaqing Emperor | Empress Xiaoshurui of the Manchu Hitara clan |  | 2 October 1760 | 12 February 1796 | 5 March 1797 | |
| Empress Xiaoherui of the Manchu Niohuru clan |  | 20 November 1776 | 27 May 1801 | 2 September 1820 husband's death | 23 January 1850 | |
| Mianning, the Daoguang Emperor | Empress Xiaoshencheng of the Manchu Tunggiya clan |  | 5 July 1792 | 28 December 1822 | 16 June 1833 | |
| Empress Xiaoquancheng of the Manchu Niohuru clan |  | 24 March 1808 | 18 November 1834 | 13 February 1840 | ||
| Yizhu, the Xianfeng Emperor | Empress Xiaozhenxian of the Manchu Niohuru clan |  | 12 August 1837 | November/December 1852 | 22 August 1861 husband's death | 8 April 1881 |
| Zaichun, the Tongzhi Emperor | Empress Xiaozheyi of the Manchu Arute clan |  | 25 July 1854 | 15 October 1872 | 12 January 1875 husband's death | 27 March 1875 |
| Zaitian, the Guangxu Emperor | Jingfen, Empress Xiaodingjing of the Manchu Yehe-nara clan |  | 28 January 1868 | 26 February 1889 | 14 November 1908 husband's death | 22 February 1913 |
| ||||||
Manchukuo
[edit]| Emperor | Empress consort* | Picture | Birth | Became empress consort | Ceased to be empress consort | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puyi, the Xuantong Emperor | Wanrong, Empress Xiaokemin of the Manchu Gobulo clan | .JPG) | 13 November 1906 | 1 March 1934 | 17 August 1945 monarchy abolished | 20 June 1946 |
| ||||||
Empresses dowager
[edit]The title of Empress dowager (皇太后, húangtàihòu) was automatically given to a former Empress consort and widow of an Emperor. The title, Empress dowager, could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empresses dowager, which, in some cases, equals the list of Empresses consort, and in other cases, not.
Han dynasty
[edit]- Empress Dowager Lü
- Empress Dowager Bo
- Empress Dowager Dou
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Shangguan
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Zhao
- Grand Empress Dowager Fu
- Empress Dowager Ding
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Yin
- Empress Dowager Ma
- Empress Dowager Dou
- Empress Dowager Deng
- Empress Dowager Yan
- Empress Dowager Liang
- Empress Dowager Dou
- Empress Dowager He
Northern Dynasties
[edit]Northern Wei
[edit]- Princess Dowager Helan
- Empress Dowager Helian
- Nurse empress dowager
- Empress Dowager Feng(Empress Dowager Wenming)
- Empress Dowager Gao
- Empress Dowager Hu
Tang dynasty
[edit]- 683–690: Empress Dowager Wu
- 710: Empress Dowager Wei
- 805–816: Empress Dowager Wang
- 820–848: Empress Dowager Guo
- 824–845: Empress Dowager Wang
- 826–847: Empress Dowager Xiao
- 846–865: Empress Dowager Zheng
- 904–906: Empress Dowager He
Song dynasty
[edit]- Empress Dowager Du
- Empress Dowager Li
- Empress Dowager Liu
- Empress Dowager Yang
- Empress Dowager Cao
- Empress Dowager Gao
- Empress Dowager Xiang
- Empress Dowager Meng
- Empress Dowager Liu
- Empress Dowager Wei
- Empress Dowager Wu
- Empress Dowager Xie
- Empress Dowager Li
- Empress Dowager Yang
- Empress Dowager Xie
- Empress Dowager Quan
- Empress Dowager Yang
Yuan dynasty
[edit]- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Naimans
- Empress Dowager Oirats
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
- Empress Dowager Khongirad
Ming dynasty
[edit]- Empress Dowager Lü
- Empress Dowager Zhang
- Empress Dowager Hu
- Empress Dowager Sun
- Empress Dowager Wu
- Empress Dowager Qian
- Empress Dowager Zhou
- Empress Dowager Wang
- Empress Dowager Zhang
- Empress Dowager Shao
- Empress Dowager Jiang
- Empress Dowager Chen
- Empress Dowager Li
- Empress Dowager Zou
- Empress Dowager Ma
- Empress Dowager Wang
Qing dynasty
[edit]
- 1643–1649: Empress Xiaoduanwen
- 1643–1688: Empress Dowager Zhaosheng
- 1661–1663: Empress Dowager Cihe
- 1661–1718: Empress Dowager Renxian
- 1722–1723: Empress Dowager Renshou
- 1735–1777: Empress Dowager Chongqing
- 1820–1850: Empress Dowager Gongci
- 1855: Empress Dowager Kangci
- 1861–1881: Empress Dowager Ci'an
- 1861–1908: Empress Dowager Cixi
- 1908–1913: Empress Dowager Longyu
Grand empresses dowager
[edit]Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously
[edit]Sui dynasty
[edit]- 581: Empress Lü Gutao, mother of Emperor Wen of Sui
Tang dynasty
[edit]- 618: Empress Dugu (Empress Yuanzhen, mother of Emperor Gaozu of Tang)
- 618: Duchess Dou (Empress Taimu), wife of Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang before Li Yuan's ascension
Song dynasty
[edit]- 961: Empress Dowager Du, mother of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong
- 960: Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu
- 976: Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong
- 976: Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong
- 997: Empress Li, mother of Emperor Zhenzong
- 997: Princess Pan, married to Emperor Zhenzong
- 1033: Consort Li, mother of Emperor Renzong
- 1036: Empress Yang, married to Emperor Zhenzong
- 1054: Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong
- 1101: Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong
- 1102: Empress Zhu, mother of Emperor Zhezong
- 1113: Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong
- 1121: Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong
- 1159: Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong
- 1162: Empress Chengmu, married to Emperor Xiaozong
Yuan dynasty
[edit]- 1336: Mailaiti, mother of Emperor Huizong
Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty
[edit]- 1504: Empress Xiaosu, mother of the Chenghua Emperor
- 1566: Empress Xiaoke, mother of the Longqing Emperor
- 1566: Empress Xiaoyizhuan, married to the Longqing Emperor
- 1614: Empress Xiaoding, mother of the Wanli Emperor
- 1620: Empress Xiaojing, mother of the Taichang Emperor
- 1644: Empress Xiaozhejian
- 1644: Empress Xiaoyi
- 1644: Empress Xiaoxu
Qing dynasty
[edit]
- 1626: Empress Xiaoliewu, married to Nurhaci
- 1636: Empress Xiaocigao, mother of Hong Taiji
- 1660: Consort Donggo, married to the Shunzhi Emperor
- 1663: Empress Xiaokangzhang, mother of the Kangxi Emperor
- 1723: Empress Xiaogongren, mother of the Yongzheng Emperor
- 1777: Empress Xiaoshengxian, mother of the Qianlong Emperor
- 1796: Empress Xiaoyichun, mother of the Jiaqing Emperor
- 1820: Empress Xiaomucheng, married to the Daoguang Emperor
- 1850: Empress Xiaodexian, married to the Xianfeng Emperor
- 1855: Empress Xiaojingcheng, married to the Daoguang Emperor
- 1908: Xingzhen, Empress Xiaoqinxian, married to Xianfeng Emperor, mother of Tongzhi Emperor
See also
[edit]- Chinese nobility
- Ranks of imperial consorts in China
- Imperial consorts of Tang China
- Grand empress dowager
- Empress dowager
- Nurse empress dowager
- Consort clan
- List of Chinese monarchs
References
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Stefanowska, A.D.; Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317475910.
- Stefanowska, A.D.; Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: V. 1: The Qing Period, 1644-1911. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317475880.
