List of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the world's largest group of non-governmental organizations working on humanitarian aid, is composed of the following bodies:

  • The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), is an independent, neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence. It takes action in response to emergencies and at the same time promotes respect for international humanitarian law and its implementation in national law. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), is an international membership organization that unites 191 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and supports them through a global secretariat. The IFRC acts before, during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. It is also based in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • The 191 individual National Societies of the ′International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies′, which despite the name includes the Red Star of David Society in Israel.[1]

Members of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)[edit]

The data of the members of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies can be found on the Federation-wide Databank and Reporting System (FDRS).[1][2] It provides data insights on the world's largest humanitarian network of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world.

IFRC members
  Red Cross Society
  Red Crescent Society
  Red Star of David Society (Red Crystal outside of Israel)
Non-members
  Red Cross Society
  Red Crescent Society
Society Native name(s) Founding year Website
Afghanistan Afghan Red Crescent Society Pashto: د افغاني سرې میاشتې ټولنې
Persian: جمعیت هلال احمر افغانی
1934 [1]
Albania Albanian Red Cross Albanian: Kryqi i Kuq Shqiptar 4 October 1921 [2]
Algeria Algerian Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر الجزائري 1957 [3]
Andorra Andorran Red Cross Catalan: Creu Roja Andorrana 24 March 1994 [4]
Angola Angola Red Cross Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha de Angola 1978 [5]
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Red Cross 20 October 1983 [6]
Argentina Argentine Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Argentina 9 June 1880 [7]
Armenia Armenian Red Cross Society Armenian: Հայկական Կարմիր խաչի ընկերությունն 19 March 1920 [8]
Aruba Red Cross Aruba Dutch: Rode Kruis Aruba
Papiamento: Cruz Cora Aruba
31 October 1957 [9]
Australia Australian Red Cross 28 June 1941 [10]
Austria Austrian Red Cross German: Österreichisches Rotes Kreuz 14 March 1880 [11]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Qızıl Aypara Cəmiyyət 10 March 1920 [12]
The Bahamas Bahamas Red Cross 1939 [13]
Bahrain Bahrain Red Crescent Society Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر البحريني 1971 [14]
Bangladesh Bangladesh Red Crescent Society Bengali: বাংলাদেশ রেড ক্রিসেন্ট সোসাইটি 16 December 1971 [15]
Barbados Barbados Red Cross 24 July 1969 [16]
Belgium Belgian Red Cross Dutch: Belgische Rode Kruis
French: Croix-Rouge de Belgique
German: Belgisches Rotes Kreuz
4 February 1864 [17]
[18]
[19]
Belize Belize Red Cross Society 1950 [20]
Benin Red Cross of Benin French: Croix-Rouge béninoise 1963 [21]
Bhutan Bhutan Red Cross Society Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཉེན་སྒྲོལ་སྡེ་ཚོགས། 8 May 2017 [22]
Bolivia Bolivian Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Boliviana 15 May 1917 [23]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Red Cross Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian: Društvo Crvenog krsta Bosne i Hercegovine
Serbian: Друштво Цервеног крста Босне и Херцеговине
Croatian: Društvo Crvenog križa Bosne i Hercegovine
7 November 2001 [24]
Botswana Botswana Red Cross Society 1968 [25]
Brazil Brazilian Red Cross Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha Brasileira 5 December 1908 [26]
Brunei Brunei Darussalam Red Crescent Society Malay: Persatuan Bulan Sabit Merah Negara Brunei Darussalam,
Jawa: ڤرساتوان بولن سابيت ميره نݢارا بروني دارالسلام
1997 [27]
Bulgaria Bulgarian Red Cross Bulgarian: Български червен кръст 20 September 1885 [28]
Burkina Faso Burkinabe Red Cross Society French: Croix-Rouge burkinabè 31 July 1961 [29]
Burundi Burundi Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge du Burundi 1963 [30]
Cambodia Cambodian Red Cross Khmer: កាកបាទក្រហមកម្ពុជា 18 February 1955 [31]
Cameroon Cameroon Red Cross Society French: Croix-Rouge camerounaise 30 April 1960 [32]
Canada Canadian Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge canadienne 4 October 1921 [33]
Cape Verde Red Cross of Cape Verde Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha de Cabo Verde 1984 [34]
Central African Republic Central African Red Cross Society French: Croix-Rouge centrafricaine 1966 [35]
Chad Red Cross of Chad Arabic: الصليب الأحمر التشادي
French: Croix-Rouge du Tchad
1983 [36]
Chile Chilean Red Cross [es] Spanish: Cruz Roja Chilena 18 December 1903 [37]
China Red Cross Society of China Chinese: 中国红十字会 1950 [38]
Colombia Colombian Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Colombiana 30 July 1915 [39]
Comoros Comorian Red Crescent French: Croissant-Rouge comorien
Arabic: الهلال الأحمر القمري
1982 [40]
Republic of the Congo Congolese Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge congolaise [41]
Democratic Republic of the Congo Red Cross of Democratic Republic of the Congo French: Croix-Rouge de la République Démocratique du Congo
Swahili: Msalaba Mwekundu la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasi ya Kongo
4 January 1924 [42]
Cook Islands Cook Islands Red Cross Society [43]
Costa Rica Costa Rican Red Cross [es] Spanish: Cruz Roja Costarricense 1885 [44]
Ivory Coast Canadian Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge de Côte d’Ivoire [45]
Croatia Croatian Red Cross Croatian: Hrvatski Crveni križ 1878 [46]
Cuba Cuban Red Cross [es] Spanish: Cruz Roja Cubana 1909 [47]
Cyprus Cyprus Red Cross Greek: Κυπριακός Ερυθρός Σταυρός
Turkish: Kıbrıs Kızılhaç
1950 [48]
Czech Republic Czech Red Cross [cs] Czech: Český červený kříž 5 June 1993 [49]
Denmark Danish Red Cross Danish: Dansk Røde Kors 26 April 1876 [50]
Djibouti Djiboutian Red Crescent French: Croissant-Rouge de Djibouti
Arabic: الهلال الأحمر الجيبوتي
1 August 1977 [51]
Dominica Dominica Red Cross 1981 [52]
Dominican Republic Dominican Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Dominicana 1927 [53]
East Timor East Timor Red Cross Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha de Timor-Leste 2000 [54]
Ecuador Ecuadorian Red Cross [es] Spanish: Cruz Roja Ecuatoriana 22 April 1910 [55]
Egypt Egyptian Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر المصري 1911 [56]
El Salvador Salvadorian Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Salvadoreña 28 March 1885 [57]
Equatorial Guinea Red Cross of Equatorial Guinea Spanish: Cruz Roja de Guinea Ecuatorial
French: Croix-Rouge de Guinée équatoriale
Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha da Guiné Equatorial
Eswatini Eswatini Red Cross 26 April 1876 [58]
Eritrea Eritrean Red Cross
Estonia Estonian Red Cross Estonian: Eesti Punane Rist 24 February 1919 [59]
Ethiopia Ethiopian Red Cross Society Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ቀይ መስቀል ማኅበር 8 July 1935 [60]
Fiji Fiji Red Cross Society 1972 [61]
Finland Finnish Red Cross Finnish: Suomen Punainen Risti
Swedish: Finlands Röda Kors
7 May 1877 [62]
France French Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge française 25 May 1864 [63]
Gabon Gabonese Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge gabonaise [64]
The Gambia Gambia Red Cross Society 1966 [65]
Georgia (country) Georgian Red Cross [ka] Georgian: საქართველოს წითელი ჯვრი 1918 [66]
Germany German Red Cross German: Deutsches Rotes Kreuz 25 January 1921 [67]
Ghana Ghana Red Cross Society 1958 [68]
Greece Hellenic Red Cross Greek: Ελληνικός Ερυθρός Σταυρός 10 June 1877 [69]
Grenada Grenada Red Cross August 1987 [70]
Guatemala Guatemalan Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Guatemalteca 22 April 1923 [71]
Guinea Guinean Red Cross [fr] French: Croix-Rouge guinéenne 1984 [72]
Guinea-Bissau Red Cross of Guinea-Bissau Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha da Guiné-Bissau
Guyana Guyana Red Cross Society [73]
Haiti Haitian Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge haïtienne
Haitian Creole: Kwa Wouj Ayisyen
29 May 1932 [74]
Honduras Honduran Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Hondureña 24 September 1937 [75]
Hong Kong Hong Kong Red Cross Chinese: 香港紅十字會 12 July 1950 [76]
Hungary Hungrian Red Cross [hu] Hungarian: Magyar Vöröskereszt 1881 [77]
Iceland Icelandic Red Cross Icelandic: Rauði kross Íslands 10 December 1924 [78]
India Indian Red Cross Society Hindi: भारतीय रेड क्रॉस सोसायटी 1920 [79]
Indonesia Indonesian Red Cross Society Indonesian: Palang Merah Indonesia 17 September 1945 [80]
Iran Iranian Red Crescent Society Persian: جمعیت هلال احمر جمهوری اسلامی ایران 1922 [81]
Iraq Iraqi Red Crescent Society Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر العراقي
Kurdish: مانگی سووری عێراق
1932 [82]
Republic of Ireland Irish Red Cross Irish: Crois Dhearg na hÉireann 6 July 1939 [83]
Israel Magen David Adom Hebrew: מגן דוד אדום 7 June 1930 [84]
Italy Italian Red Cross Italian: Croce Rossa Italiana 7 February 1884 [85]
Jamaica Jamaica Red Cross 8 April 1948 [86]
Japan Japanese Red Cross Society Japanese: 日本赤十字社 1 May 1877 [87]
Jordan Jordan Red Crescent [ar] Arabic: الهلال الأحمر الأردني 1950 [88]
Kazakhstan Kazakh Red Crescent [ru] Kazakh: Қазақстанның Қызыл Айы / Qazaqstannyñ Qyzyl Аiy
Russian: Красный Полумесяц Казахстана
5 March 1937 [89]
Kenya Kenya Red Cross Swahili: Msalaba Mwekundu la Kenya 1965 [90]
Kiribati Kiribati Red Cross Society 1965 [91]
Kuwait Kuwait Red Crescent Society Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر الكويت 10 January 1966 [92]
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Red Crescent Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан Кызыл Ай
Russian: Красный Полумесяц Кыргызстана
1936 [93]
Laos Lao Red Cross Lao: ອົງການກາແດງແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ 1955 [94]
Latvia Latvian Red Cross Latvian: Latvijas Sarkanais Krusts 20 November 1918 [95]
Lebanon Lebanese Red Cross Arabic: الصليب الأحمر اللبناني 9 July 1945 [96]
Lesotho Lesotho Red Cross Society Sotho: Mokhatlo oa Sefapano se Sefubelu sa Lesotho 9 November 1967 [97]
Liberia Liberian Red Cross Society January 1919 [98]
Libya Libyan Red Crescent [ar] Arabic: الهلال الأحمر الليبي 5 October 1957 [99]
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Red Cross German: Liechtensteinisches Rotes Kreuz 30 April 1945 [100]
Lithuania Lithuanian Red Cross Lithuanian: Lietuvos Raudonasis Kryžius 1919 [101]
Luxembourg Luxembourg Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge luxembourgeoise
German: Luxemburgisches Rotes Kreuz
Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerger Rout Kräiz
1914 [102]
Macau Macau Red Cross Chinese: 澳門紅十字會
Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha de Macau
1943 [103]
Madagascar Malagasy Red Cross Malagasy: Vokovoko Mena Malagasy
French: Croix-Rouge malagasy
7 August 1963 [104]
Malawi Malawi Red Cross Society 1966 [105]
Malaysia Malaysian Red Crescent Malay: Bulan Sabit Merah Malaysia 1957 [106]
Maldives Maldivian Red Crescent Dhivehi: ދިވެހި ރެޑް ކްރެސެންޓް 16 August 2009 [107]
Mali Mali Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge malienne 1965 [108]
Malta Malta Red Cross Society Maltese: Soċjetà Maltija tas-Salib l-Aħmar 30 April 1945 [109]
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Red Cross Society 26 November 2013 [110]
Mauritania Mauritanian Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر الموريتاني 1970
Mauritius Mauritius Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge de Maurice [111]
Mexico Mexican Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Mexicana 21 February 1910 [112]
Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Red Cross Society
Moldova Moldovan Red Cross Society Romanian: Societatea de Cruce Roșie din Moldova 21 February 1910 [113]
Monaco Red Cross of Monaco French: Croix-Rouge monégasque 1948 [114]
Mongolia Mongolian Red Cross Society Mongolian: Монголын улаан загалмай нийгэмлэг 1939 [115]
Montenegro Red Cross of Montenegro Montenegrin: Crveni krst Crne Gore
Montenegrin Cyrillic: Црвени крст Црне Горе
1875 [116]
Morocco Moroccan Red Crescent [fr] Arabic: الهلال الأحمر المغربي
French: Croissant-Rouge marocain
1957 [117]
Mozambique Mozambique Red Cross Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha de Moçambique 21 February 1910 [118]
Myanmar Myanmar Red Cross Society Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ကြက်ခြေနီ အသင်း 1 April 1937 [119]
Namibia Namibia Red Cross Society Afrikaans: Namibiese Rooi Kruis 1992 [120]
Nepal Nepal Red Cross Society Nepali: नेपाल रेडक्रस सोसाइटी 1963 [121]
Netherlands Netherlands Red Cross Dutch: Nederlandse Rode Kruis 1867 [122]
New Zealand New Zealand Red Cross Māori: Rīpeka Whero Aotearoa 1911 [123]
Niger Red Cross Society of Niger French: Croix-Rouge nigérienne 1963 [124]
Nigeria Nigerian Red Cross 1960 [125]
North Korea Red Cross Society of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 적십자회 18 October 1946 [126]
North Macedonia North Macedonian Red Cross [mk] Macedonian: Црвен крст на Северна Македонија
Albanian: Kryqi i Kuq i Maqedonisë së Veriut
17 March 1945 [127]
Norway Norwegian Red Cross Norwegian: Norges Røde Kors
Nynorsk: Noregs Raude Kross
22 September 1865 [128]
Pakistan Pakistan Red Crescent Urdu: ہلالِ احمر پاکستان 20 December 1947 [129]
Palau Palau Red Cross Society 1977 [130]
State of Palestine Palestine Red Crescent Society Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني 1968 [131]
Panama Panamanian Red Cross [es] Spanish: Cruz Roja Panameña 1917 [132]
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Red Cross 1977 [133]
Paraguay Paraguayan Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Paraguaya [134]
Philippines Philippine Red Cross Tagalog: Krus na Pula ng Pilipinas 1947 [135]
Poland Polish Red Cross Polish: Polski Czerwony Krzyż 18 January 1919 [136]
Portugal Portuguese Red Cross [pt] Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa 11 February 1865 [137]
Qatar Qatar Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر القطري 1978 [138]
Romania Romanian Red Cross Romanian: Crucea Roșie Română 4 July 1876 [139]
Russia Russian Red Cross Russian: Российский Красный Крест 15 May 1867 [140]
Rwanda Rwandan Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge rwandaise 1962
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Red Cross 1942
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Red Cross 1949 [141]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Red Cross
Samoa Samoa Red Cross Society Samoan: Koluse Mumu o Sāmoa 1952 [142]
San Marino Sammarinese Red Cross [it] Italian: Croce Rossa Sammarinese 1949 [143]
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe Red Cross Portuguese: Cruz Vermelha de São Tomé e Príncipe 1976 [144]
Saudi Arabia Saudi Red Crescent Authority Arabic: هيئة الهلال الأحمر السعودي 1934 [145]
Senegal Senegalese Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge sénégalaise 1962 [146]
Serbia Red Cross of Serbia Serbian: Црвени крст Србије / Crveni krst Srbije 6 February 1876 [147]
Seychelles Red Cross Society of Seychelles French: Croix-Rouge des Seychelles [148]
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Red Cross Society 1962
Singapore Singapore Red Cross Society Chinese: 新加坡红十字会
Malay: Persatuan Palang Merah Singapura
Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் செஞ்சிலுவை சங்கம்
30 September 1949 [149]
Slovakia Slovak Red Cross [sk] Slovak: Slovenský Červený kríž 8 December 1992 [150]
Slovenia Slovenian Red Cross Slovene: Rdeči križ Slovenije 8 June 1944 [151]
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Red Cross [152]
Somalia Somali Red Crescent Society Somali: Ururka Bisha Cas ee Soomaaliyeed
Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر الصومالي
1963 [153]
South Africa South African Red Cross Society Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Rooi Kruisvereniging 1921 [154]
South Korea Korean Red Cross Korean: 대한적십자사 27 October 1905 [155]
South Sudan South Sudan Red Cross
Spain Spanish Red Cross [es] Spanish: Cruz Roja Española
Catalan: Creu Roja Espanyola
Galician: Cruz Vermella Española
Basque: Espainiako Gurutze Gorria
6 July 1864 [156]
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Red Cross Society Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රතු කුරුස සමාජය
Tamil: இலங்கை செஞ்சிலுவை சங்கம்
1936 [157]
Sudan Sudanese Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الاحمر السوداني 1923 [158]
Suriname Suriname Red Cross Dutch: Surinaamse Rode Kruis [159]
Sweden Swedish Red Cross Swedish: Svenska Röda Korset 1865 [160]
Switzerland Swiss Red Cross German: Schweizerisches Rotes Kreuz
French: Croix-Rouge suisse
Italian: Croce Rossa Svizzera
Romansh: Crusch Cotschna Svizra
1866 [161]
Syria Syrian Arab Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر العربي السوري 1942 [162]
Tajikistan Tajikistan Red Crescent Tajik: Ҳилоли Аҳмари Тоҷикистон
Russian: Красный Полумесяц Таджикистана
Tanzania Tanzania Red Cross Society Swahili: Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu Tanzania 1962 [163]
Thailand Thai Red Cross Society Thai: สภากาชาดไทย 26 April 1893 [164]
Togo Togolese Red Cross French: Croix-Rouge togolaise 1959 [165]
Tonga Tonga Red Cross Society 1961 [166]
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Red Cross Society 12 July 1939 [167]
Tunisia Tunisian Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر التونسي 1956
Turkey Turkish Red Crescent Turkish: Türk Kızılay 1868 [168]
Turkmenistan National Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl Ýarymaý Milli Jemgyýeti 1926 [169]
Tuvalu Tuvalu Red Cross Society [170]
Uganda Uganda Red Cross Society Swahili: Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu nchini Uganda 1964 [171]
Ukraine Ukrainian Red Cross Society Ukrainian: Товариство Червоного Хреста України 18 April 1918 [172]
United Arab Emirates Emirates Red Crescent Arabic: الهلال الأحمر الإماراتي 1983 [173]
United Kingdom British Red Cross Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig 4 August 1870 [174]
United States American Red Cross 21 May 1881 [175]
Uruguay Uruguayan Red Cross Spanish: Cruz Roja Uruguaya 5 March 1897 [176]
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Red Crescent Society Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Qizil Yarim Oy Jamiyati 14 November 1925 [177]
Vanuatu Vanuatu Red Cross Society 1992 [178]
Venezuela Venezuelan Red Cross Society Spanish: Sociedad Venezolana de la Cruz Roja 1895 [179]
Vietnam Viet Nam Red Cross Society Vietnamese: Hội Chữ thập đỏ Việt Nam 23 November 1946 [180]
Yemen Yemen Red Crescent Society Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر اليمني 1968
Zambia Zambia Red Cross Society 1966 [181]
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Red Cross Society 1981 [182]

States which currently do not have National Societies that are active members of the IFRC[edit]

National Society is not a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement[edit]

IFRC membership suspended[edit]

States which have no National Society at all[edit]

Nauru, Niue, Oman, and the Vatican City are the states without national societies, along with the states with limited recognition, such as Abkhazia, Somaliland, South Ossetia, Transnistria.

Nicaragua's National Society, Nicaraguan Red Cross, was dissolved by Nicaragua's parliament on May 9, 2023.[9]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "National Societies directory". www.ifrc.org. Geneva, Switzerland: IFRC. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  2. ^ "Federation-wide databank and reporting system". www.ifrc.org (database). Geneva, Switzerland: IFRC. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  3. ^ "Reyði Krossur Føroya - Forsíða". Reyði Krossur Føroya. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  4. ^ "Kryqi Kuq i Kosovës". redcross-ks.org. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  5. ^ "Refugee Participation Network 7" (PDF). The Fearless Children of the Stone: Refugee Studies Program. Oxford. February 1990. p. 19. The Sahrawi Red Crescent has observer status with the League of Red Cross Societies and is the formal channel for all external assistance to the Sahrawi people, (full membership is precluded until SADR has gained membership of the United Nations).
  6. ^ Diego Aguirre; Jose Ramón (1991). Guerra en el Sáhara Istmo ed. p. 176. ISBN 8470902520. ...in April the Sahrawi Red Crescent obtained the status of observer at the IX Congress of the Arab Red Crescent, analog to the International Red Cross, what supposed also the boycott of this reunion by Morocco.
  7. ^ "Statement on the suspension of the Belarus Red Cross as a member of the IFRC". International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent So cieties. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  8. ^ "Statement on suspension of the Peruvian Red Cross as a member of IFRC | IFRC". www.ifrc.org. 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  9. ^ "Nicaragua orders closure of Red Cross in continuing crackdown". Al Jazeera. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.

External links[edit]