List of Y-dwarfs

This is a list of astronomical objects with the spectral type Y. They are a mix of brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. They are the coldest such objects in interstellar space and have a temperature around below 500 Kelvin (227°C; 440°F). Only a few are known due to their faint nature. The list is sorted after distance.

List of Y-dwarfs
Name spectral type[1] Teff[1]

(Kelvin)

Mass estimate

(MJ)

distance[1]

(light years)

Year of discovery
Jupiter Y-class analog[2] 125 1 solar system known since ancient times
WISE J0855−0714 Y4 (extrapolated) 250 ± 50 3−10[3] 7.43 ± 0.04 2014[4]
Epsilon Indi Ab[5] Y3[a] (estimated) 275 6.31+0.60
−0.56 		11.867±0.004 2018 (discovered) 2024 (imaging)
WISE J1639−6847 Y0pec 412 ± 88 5−14[6] or 9−17[7] 15.45 ± 0.04[8] 2012[9]
WISE J0350−5658 Y1 388 ± 88 3−8[6] or 7−13[7] 18.49 ± 0.24 2012[10]
WISEPA J1541−2250 Y1 432+11
−18[11] 		8−20[6] 19.54 ± 0.23 2011[12][13]
WISE J2209+2711 Y0[11] 371+9
−13[11] 		8−19[6] or 5[14] 20.17 ± 0.25 2014[15]
WISEPC J1405+5534 Y0.5 (pec?) 412+10
−17[11] 		9−21[6] 20.6 ± 0.3 2011[12][13]
WISE J0825+2805 Y0.5 406+10
−16[11] 		3−8[6] or 5[14] 21.4 ± 0.4 2015[16]
WISEPA J0410+1502 Y0 451 ±88 8−20[6] 21.6 ± 0.3 2011[12][13]
CWISE J1055+5443[17] Y0 (pec) 500 ± 150 4−6 22+3
−2 		2023
WISEPC J2056+1459 Y0 510+14
−25[11] 		13−23[7] or 5[14] 23.2 ± 0.3 2011[12][13]
WISEPA J1738+2732 Y0 450 ± 88 5−14,[6] 3−9[18] or 11−21[7] 24.9 ± 0.4 2011[12][13]
WISEA J2354+0240 Y1 362+10
−12[11] 		8−14[7] 25.0 ± 0.6 2015[16]
CWISEP J0402−2651 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 28.0+6.0
−4.2 		2020[19]
WISENF J1936+0408 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 28.6+1.0
−0.9 		2020[19]
WISE J0713−2917 Y0 464 ± 88 13−29[6] 29.8 ± 0.6 2012[10]
WISEPC J1217+1626 B Y0 460 ± 79 8−20[6] 30.4 ± 1.0 2012[20]
WISEA J1930−2059 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 30.7+1.5
−1.4 		2020[21]
WISEA J1141−3326 Y0 460 ± 79 3–8[6] 31.4 ± 0.9 2014[22]
CWISEP J1446−2317 Y1[11] 366 ± 14[11] 8.0 or 14.6[23] 31.4+1.6
−1.4[11] 		2020[19]
CWISEP J2256+4002 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 32.0+4.0
−3.2 		2020[19]
WISEPA J1828+2650 ≥Y2 406 ± 88 3–8[6] 32.5+0.7
−0.6 		2011[12][13]
WISE J0336−0143 A Y0:[24] 460 ± 79 8.5–18[25] 32.7 ± 0.7 2012[10]
WISE J0336−0143 B[25] Y2.5[a] (estimated) 285–305[26] 5–11.5 32.7 ± 0.7 2023
WISE J0647−6232 Y1 393 ± 88 5–13[6] 32.8 ± 0.6 2013[27]
WISEU J0503−5648 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 33.2+1.4
−1.3 		2020[21]
WISE J2220−3628 Y0 452 ± 88 8–20[6] 34.2+0.8
−0.7 		2012[10]
CWISE J0925−4720 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~35.0 2021[28]
CWISER J0216+4230 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~35.2 2023[1]
WISEA J0830+2837 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 4−13[29] 36+6
−5 		2020[29]
CWISEP J0238−1332 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 38+13
−8 		2020[19]
WISE J1206+8401 Y0 499+14
−24[11] 		6−14[6] or 12−22[7] 38.5+1.0
−0.9 		2015[16]
CWISE J2351−7000 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~42.7 2020[21]
WISE J0734−7157 Y0 493+14
−24[11] 		9−20[6] 43.8 ± 1.0 2012[10]
WISE J0359−5401 Y0 468+13
−23[11] 		12−22[7] or 13[14] 44.3 ± 1.2 2012[10]
WISE J0304−2705 Y0 pec 465 ± 88 44.6+1.6
−1.5 		2014[30]
CWISEP J2230+2549 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 46+13
−8 		2020[19]
CWISEP J2011−4812 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 46 ± 2 2020[19]
CWISE J1811+6658 early-Y (estimated) 412 ± 79 47+5
−4 		2023[1]
CWISEP J1935−1546 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 47+3
−2 		2019[31]
WISE J0535−7500 Y1[11] 526+16
−26[11] 		8−20[6] or 12+18[14] 47.5+1.4
−1.3 		2012[10]
CWISEP J1047+5457 Y1[11] 415+20
−22[11] 		20.6 or 15.9[23] 47.9+3.7
−3.2[11] 		2020[19]
CWISEP J0321+6932 Y0.5 (estimated) 412 ± 79 48 ± 3 2020[19]
WISEA J2243−1458 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~47.8 2020[21]
CWISEP J0938+0634 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 48+12
−8 		2020[19]
CWISEP J0940+5233 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 49+11
−8 		2020[19]
CWISEP J0634+5049 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 53+4
−3 		2020[19]
WISEA J1534−1043 esdT/Y (estimated) 686 ± 79 53 ±4 2020[19]
WISEA J1257+7153 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367 ± 79 ~54.2 2020[21]
WISEA J0302−5817 Y0: 460 ± 79 55 ± 3 2018[32]
CWISE J1531−3306 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~55.4 2021[28]
CWISEP J2356−4814 Y0.5 (estimated) 412 ± 79 ~56.6 2020[19]
Ross 19 B T/Y (estimated) 460 ±79 15−40[33] 56.89 ± 0.04 2021[33]
L 97-3 B Y1 (estimated) 377 ± 88 7−9[6] 62.73 ± 0.02 2011[34]
WISE J0146+4234 B Y0 460 ± 79 8−20[6] 63 ± 2 2015[35]
CWISE J2227+2604 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 ~65.2 2023[1]
CWISEP J0859+5349 Y0 (estimated) 460 ± 79 70+13
−14 		2020[19]
CFBDSIR 1458+10 B[36] Y0 (estimated) 370 ± 40 6–15 75.34 ± 7.83 2011

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Estimated using the effective temperature. By using Eric Mamajek's table[37] one can compare Teff with the spectral type. Alternatively one can fit a curve to T5-Y4 dwarfs, which gives the formula , with SpType 19 is T9, 20 is Y0, 21 is Y1, etc. Might be inaccurate for objects with non-solar metallicity.

References

[edit]
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  21. ^ a b c d e Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X.
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  37. ^ Mamajek, Eric (2022-04-16). "A Modern Mean Dwarf Stellar Color and Effective Temperature Sequence". Eric Mamajek's Home Page at University of Rochester. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
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