List of highest points reached in the Tour de France

View from an asphalt road up to a pointed dark grey mountain peak with a surrounding road
The highest point of elevation ever reached in the Tour de France is 2,860 m (9,383 ft) at the Cime de la Bonette loop road in the Alps (as of 2019), seen here from the northern ascent of the Col de la Bonette mountain pass.

The Tour de France is an annual men's multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, generally considered the most famous bicycle race in the world.[1] It was founded by the French sports journalist and former professional road racing cyclist Henri Desgrange, who became the first director of the race.[2] He was passionate about taking the Tour up to the highest reachable points of elevation in the Alps and Pyrenees using the most difficult routes.[3]

The highest point of the first Tour de France in 1903 was the summit of the 1,161-metre-high (3,809 ft) Col de la République mountain pass in the Mont Pilat area of the Massif Central highland region. The following year the route remained identical, but in 1905 and 1906 the Tour moved into the Alps, in particular the Dauphiné Alps, and up to the Col Bayard at 1,264 m (4,147 ft). The 1907 Tour took the race higher, up to 1,326 m (4,350 ft) with the Col de Porte in the Chartreuse Mountains. This point was again the highest for the next two Tours.[4]

The race first reached high altitude[a] on the ninth edition in 1910 when it passed the 2,115-metre-high (6,939 ft) Col du Tourmalet in the Pyrenees.[6][7] Not satisfied with that height, Desgrange the following year introduced his favoured Col du Galibier in the Alps, which summited at 2,556 m (8,386 ft) via a single-laned 365-metre-long (1,198 ft) tunnel that first opened in 1891.[8][3] At the time, Desgrange eulogised over the Galibier in comparison to the Tourmalet and other climbs, saying: "Oh Sappey, oh Laffrey, oh Bayard, oh Tourmalet! I will not shirk from my duty in proclaiming that compared to the Galibier you are no more than pale and vulgar babies; faced with this giant we can do no more than tip our hats and bow!"[9] The Galibier was the highest point of elevation in each Tour to 1937, which led it to become one of the most iconic climbs in the race.[10] The 1938 race went higher up to the Alpine Col de l'Iseran at 2,770 m (9,088 ft).[6][11] Various Alpine passes, including the Galibier, were the highest points reached in Tours until the 1962 race saw a new high of 2,860 m (9,383 ft) at the Cime de la Bonette in the Alps, a short loop road which forks from the summit of the Col de la Bonette.[12] As of 2019, this remains the highest point of elevation reached by the Tour de France. Since 1962, all the highest points of Tours bar one have remained above 2,000 m (6,562 ft), using passes in the high Alps and Pyrenees.

List

[edit]
Key
* Point was also used as the location of the stage finish
~ Climb was used for the first time in Tour de France history
^ Point was a new highest elevation reached in all Tour editions up to then
List of highest points reached in the Tour de France
Year Stage Climb Elevation[b][4] Mountain range Coordinates Category[c] First cyclist to summit Ref
1903 2 Col de la République ~ 1,161 m (3,809 ft) ^ Mont Pilat 45°19′58″N 4°28′49″E / 45.33278°N 4.48028°E / 45.33278; 4.48028 (Col de la République) —  Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA) [4][14]
1904 2 Col de la République 1,161 m (3,809 ft) Mont Pilat 45°19′58″N 4°28′49″E / 45.33278°N 4.48028°E / 45.33278; 4.48028 (Col de la République) —  Antoine Fauré (FRA) [4][15]
1905 4 Col Bayard ~ 1,264 m (4,147 ft) ^ Dauphiné Alps 44°36′45″N 6°4′52″E / 44.61250°N 6.08111°E / 44.61250; 6.08111 (Col Bayard) —  Julien Maitron (FRA) [4][16]
1906 5 Col Bayard 1,264 m (4,147 ft) Dauphiné Alps 44°36′45″N 6°4′52″E / 44.61250°N 6.08111°E / 44.61250; 6.08111 (Col Bayard) —  René Pottier (FRA) [4][17]
1907 5 Col de Porte ~ 1,326 m (4,350 ft) ^ Chartreuse 45°17′24″N 5°46′1″E / 45.29000°N 5.76694°E / 45.29000; 5.76694 (Col de Porte) —  Émile Georget (FRA) [4][18]
1908 5 Col de Porte 1,326 m (4,350 ft) Chartreuse 45°17′24″N 5°46′1″E / 45.29000°N 5.76694°E / 45.29000; 5.76694 (Col de Porte) —  Georges Passerieu (FRA) [4][19]
1909 5 Col de Porte 1,326 m (4,350 ft) Chartreuse 45°17′24″N 5°46′1″E / 45.29000°N 5.76694°E / 45.29000; 5.76694 (Col de Porte) —  François Faber (LUX) [4][20]
1910 10 Col du Tourmalet ~ 2,115 m (6,939 ft) ^ Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) —  Octave Lapize (FRA) [6][21]
1911 5 Col du Galibier ~ 2,556 m (8,386 ft) ^ Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Émile Georget (FRA) [6][22]
1912 5 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Eugène Christophe (FRA) [6][23]
1913 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Marcel Buysse (BEL) [6][24]
1914 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Henri Pélissier (FRA) [6][25]
1915–
1918 		Not held during World War I
1919 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Honoré Barthélémy (FRA) [6][26]
1920 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Firmin Lambot (BEL) [6][27]
1921 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Honoré Barthélémy (FRA) [6][28]
1922 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Émile Masson (BEL) [6][29]
1923 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Henri Pélissier (FRA) [30][31]
1924 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Bartolomeo Aimo (ITA) [6][32]
1925 14 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Lucien Buysse (BEL) [6][33]
1926 15 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Omer Huyse (BEL) [6][34]
1927 17 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Antonin Magne (FRA) [6][35]
1928 14 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Auguste Verdyck (BEL) [6][36]
1929 15 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Gaston Rebry (BEL) [6]
1930 16 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Pierre Magne (FRA) [37][38]
1931 17 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Jef Demuysere (BEL) [39][40]
1932 13 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Francesco Camusso (ITA) [41][42]
1933 7 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Vicente Trueba (ESP) [43][44]
1934 7 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Fédérico Ezquerra (ESP) [6][45]
1935 7 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Gabriel Ruozzi (FRA) [46][47]
1936 7 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Fédérico Ezquerra (ESP) [48][49]
1937 7 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) —  Gino Bartali (ITA) [50][51]
1938 15 Col de l'Iseran ~ 2,770 m (9,088 ft) ^ Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) —  Félicien Vervaecke (BEL) [52][53]
1939 16b Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) —  Sylvère Maes (BEL) [54][55]
1940–
1946 		Not held during World War II
1947 8 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Fermo Camellini (ITA) [56][57]
1948 14 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 2  Lucien Teisseire (FRA) [58][59]
1949 17 Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) 1  Giuseppe Tacca (FRA) [60][61]
1950 18 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Louison Bobet (FRA) [62][63]
1951 20 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Fausto Coppi (ITA) [64][65]
1952 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Fausto Coppi (ITA) [66][67]
1953 18 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Louison Bobet (FRA) [68][69]
1954 19 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) [70][71]
1955 8 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Charly Gaul (LUX) [72][73]
1956 17 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Valentin Huot (FRA) [74][75]
1957 10 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Marcel Janssens (BEL) [76][77]
1958 20 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) [78][79]
1959 18 Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) 1  Adolf Christian (AUT) [80][81]
1960 16 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Imerio Massignan (ITA) [82][83]
1961 17 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) 1  Marcel Queheille (FRA) [84][85]
1962 18 Cime de la Bonette ~ 2,802 m (9,193 ft) ^ Maritime Alps 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E / 44.32167; 6.80694 (Cime de la Bonette) 1  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) [86][87]
1963 16 Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) 1  Fernando Manzaneque (ESP) [88][89]
1964 9 Cime de la Bonette 2,802 m (9,193 ft) Maritime Alps 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E / 44.32167; 6.80694 (Cime de la Bonette) 1  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) [90][91]
1965 16 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Joaquim Galera (ESP) [92][93]
1966 16 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Julio Jiménez (ESP) [94][95]
1967 10 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Julio Jiménez (ESP) [96][97]
1968 13 Port d'Envalira 2,407 m (7,897 ft) Pyrenees 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E / 42.54000; 1.71944 (Port d'Envalira) 1  Aurelio González Puente (ESP) [98][99]
1969 10 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Eddy Merckx (BEL) [100][101]
1970 19 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) 1  Andrés Gandarias (ESP) [102][103]
1971 16b Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) 1  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) [104][105]
1972 14a Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Joop Zoetemelk (NED) [106][107]
1973 8 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Luis Ocaña (ESP) [108][109]
1974 11 Col du Galibier 2,556 m (8,386 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) 1  Vicente López Carril (ESP) [110][111]
1975 16 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) 1  Bernard Thévenet (FRA) [112][113]
1976 15 Col du Tourmalet[d] 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) 1  Francisco Galdós (ESP) [114][116]
1977 2 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) 1  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) [117][118]
1978 11 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) 1  Michel Pollentier (BEL) [119][120]
1979 17 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) [121][122]
1980 17 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Johan De Muynck (BEL) [123][124]
1981 19 Col de la Madeleine 2,000 m (6,562 ft) Graian Alps 45°26′5″N 6°22′32″E / 45.43472°N 6.37556°E / 45.43472; 6.37556 (Col de la Madeleine) 1  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) [125][11]
1982 16 * Alpe d'Huez 1,850 m (6,070 ft) Western Alps 45°3′37″N 6°4′17″E / 45.06028°N 6.07139°E / 45.06028; 6.07139 (Alpe d'Huez) HC  Beat Breu (SUI) [126][127]
1983 10 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) [128][129]
1984 18 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Francisco Rodríguez Maldonado (COL) [130][131]
1985 17 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Pello Ruiz Cabestany (ESP) [132][133]
1986 18 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Luis Herrera (COL) [134][135]
1987 21 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Federico Muñoz (ESP) [136][137]
1988 15 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Laudelino Cubino (ESP) [138][139]
1989 17 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Gert-Jan Theunisse (NED) [140][141]
1990 16 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres (ESP) [142][143]
1991 13 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) [144][145]
1992 13 Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) HC  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) [146][147]
1993 11 Cime de la Bonette 2,802 m (9,193 ft) Maritime Alps 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E / 44.32167; 6.80694 (Cime de la Bonette) HC  Robert Millar (GBR) [148][149]
1994 17 * Val Thorens ~ 2,275 m (7,464 ft) Graian Alps 45°17′53″N 6°34′48″E / 45.29806°N 6.58000°E / 45.29806; 6.58000 (Val Thorens) HC  Nelson Rodríguez Serna (COL) [150][151]
1995 15 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Richard Virenque (FRA) [152][153]
1996 9 * Sestriere[e] 2,035 m (6,677 ft) Cottian Alps 44°57′N 6°53′E / 44.950°N 6.883°E / 44.950; 6.883 1  Bjarne Riis (DEN) [154][155]
1997 10 & 11 Port d'Envalira 2,407 m (7,897 ft) Pyrenees 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E / 42.54000; 1.71944 (Port d'Envalira) HC  Richard Virenque (FRA) [156][157][158]
1998 15 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Marco Pantani (ITA) [159][160]
1999 9 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  José Luis Arrieta (ESP) [161][162]
2000 15 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Pascal Hervé (FRA) [163][164]
2001 14 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Sven Montgomery (SUI) [165][166]
2002 16 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Santiago Botero (COL) [167][168]
2003 8 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Stefano Garzelli (ITA) [169][170]
2004 17 Col de la Madeleine 2,000 m (6,562 ft) Graian Alps 45°26′5″N 6°22′32″E / 45.43472°N 6.37556°E / 45.43472; 6.37556 (Col de la Madeleine) HC  Gilberto Simoni (ITA) [171][172]
2005 11 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Alexander Vinokourov (KAZ) [173][174]
2006 16 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Michael Rasmussen (DEN) [175][176]
2007 9 Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) HC  Yaroslav Popovych (UKR) [177][178]
2008 16 Cime de la Bonette 2,802 m (9,193 ft) Maritime Alps 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E / 44.32167; 6.80694 (Cime de la Bonette) HC  John-Lee Augustyn (RSA) [179][180]
2009 16 Col du Grand Saint-Bernard 2,470 m (8,104 ft) Pennine Alps 45°52′08″N 7°10′14″E / 45.86889°N 7.17056°E / 45.86889; 7.17056 (Great St Bernard Pass) HC  Franco Pellizotti (ITA)[f] [182][183]
2010 17 * Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Andy Schleck (LUX) [184][185]
2011 18 Col Agnel 2,744 m (9,003 ft) Cottian Alps 44°41′2″N 6°58′46″E / 44.68389°N 6.97944°E / 44.68389; 6.97944 (Col Agnel) HC  Maxim Iglinsky (KAZ) [186][187]
2012 16 Col du Tourmalet 2,115 m (6,939 ft) Pyrenees 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E / 42.90806; 0.14500 (Col du Tourmalet) HC  Thomas Voeckler (FRA) [188][189]
2013 8 Port de Pailhères 2,001 m (6,565 ft) Pyrenees 42°44′0″N 1°59′33″E / 42.73333°N 1.99250°E / 42.73333; 1.99250 HC  Nairo Quintana (COL) [190][191]
2014 14 Col d'Izoard 2,360 m (7,743 ft) Cottian Alps 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E / 44.82000; 6.73528 (Col d'Izoard) HC  Joaquim Rodríguez (ESP) [192][193]
2015 17 Col d'Allos[g] 2,250 m (7,382 ft) Southern Alps 44°17′50″N 6°35′39″E / 44.29722°N 6.59417°E / 44.29722; 6.59417 (Col d'Allos) 1  Simon Geschke (GER) [194][195]
2016 10 Port d'Envalira 2,407 m (7,897 ft) Pyrenees 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E / 42.54000; 1.71944 (Port d'Envalira) 1  Rui Costa (POR) [196][197]
2017 17 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Primož Roglič (SLO) [198][199]
2018 17 * Col de Portet ~ 2,215 m (7,267 ft) Pyrenees 42°49′59″N 0°14′12″E / 42.83306°N 0.23667°E / 42.83306; 0.23667 (Col de Portet) HC  Nairo Quintana (COL) [200][201]
2019 19 *[h] Col de l'Iseran 2,770 m (9,088 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de l'Iseran) HC  Egan Bernal (COL)[h] [203][204]
2020 17 * Col de la Loze ~ 2,304 m (7,559 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 07°01′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de la Loze) HC  Miguel Ángel López (COL) [205]
2021 15 Port d'Envalira 2,407 m (7,897 ft) Pyrenees 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E / 42.54000; 1.71944 (Port d'Envalira) 1  Nairo Quintana (COL) [206]
2022 11 Col du Galibier 2,642 m (8,668 ft) Dauphiné Alps 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E / 45.06389; 6.40778 (Col du Galibier) HC  Warren Barguil (FRA) [207]
12  Anthony Perez (FRA) [208]
2023 17 Col de la Loze 2,304 m (7,559 ft) Graian Alps 45°25′1″N 07°01′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E / 45.41694; 7.03083 (Col de la Loze) HC  Felix Gall (AUT) [209]
2024 19 Cime de la Bonette 2,802 m (9,193 ft) Maritime Alps 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E / 44.32167; 6.80694 (Cime de la Bonette) HC  Richard Carapaz (ECU) [210]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Altitudes beyond around 2,100 m (6,890 ft) above sea level (high altitude) affect the human body by limiting the amount of oxygen one is able to absorb, which is detrimental to a cyclist's performance.[5]
  2. ^ The elevation points are taken at the passed summit.
  3. ^ The "Category" column refers to the system used for the mountains classification in the Tour de France to determine each climb's difficulty. It began in the 1947 Tour with two categories named 1 and 2 (or A and B). A third category was added in 1949 and a fourth in 1962. A special hors catégorie (HC) was introduced in 1979, given to the most difficult climbs designated as "beyond categorization".[13]
  4. ^ Before the 1976 Tour de France, the Galibier was stated by the media to be the highest climb of the route but it was closed earlier in the year for repairs to the summit tunnel.[114][115]
  5. ^ Two higher planned climbs were both cancelled because of bad weather, the Col du Galibier at 2,642 m (8,668 ft), and the Col de l'Iseran at 2,770 m (9,088 ft).[154]
  6. ^ In March 2011, all of Italian Franco Pellizotti's results since 7 May 2009 were disqualified after the Court of Arbitration for Sport found his biological passport indicated irregular values.[181]
  7. ^ The Col du Galibier was planned to be the highest point of elevation on the 2015 Tour de France, but landslides prior to the race forced its cancellation.[194]
  8. ^ a b Stage 19 of the 2019 Tour de France was stopped atop the Col de l'Iseran after hailstorms and mudslides made the road impracticable near Val-d'Isère, before the planned final climb and finish at Tignes. The stage victory was not awarded.[202]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hanold 2012, p. 13.
  2. ^ Heijmans & Mallon 2011, p. 66.
  3. ^ a b Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 191.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Augendre 2019, pp. 181–199.
  5. ^ Hoffman 2014, p. 382.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cossins 2013, pp. 50–51.
  7. ^ Augendre 2019, p. 194.
  8. ^ Augendre 2019, p. 183.
  9. ^ Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 192.
  10. ^ Pickering, Edward (21 July 2011). "The Col du Galibier: The Tour's most iconic climb (video)". Cycling Weekly. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  11. ^ a b Augendre 2019, p. 184.
  12. ^ Bacon, Ellis (15 March 2016). "Col de la Bonette". Cyclist. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  13. ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 162–164.
  14. ^ Cossins 2017, pp. 149–151.
  15. ^ Dauncey & Hare 2003, pp. 65–66.
  16. ^ Wheatcroft 2004, p. 24.
  17. ^ Wheatcroft 2004, p. 25.
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  19. ^ Desgrange, Henri (22 July 1908). "Ce qu'ils ont gagné" [What they won]. L'Auto (in French). p. 3 – via Gallica.
  20. ^ Faroux, C. (14 July 1909). "Au sommet du col" [At the top of the pass]. L'Auto (in French). p. 3 – via Gallica.
  21. ^ Sidwells, Chris (19 July 2019). "Icon of the Tour de France: the Col du Tourmalet". Cycling Weekly. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
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  26. ^ Desgrange, Henri (21 July 1919). "L'etape" [The stage]. L'Auto (in French). p. 2 – via Gallica.
  27. ^ Desgrange, Henri (18 July 1920). "Le 14e Tour de France" [The 14th Tour de France]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
  28. ^ "Sur la route" [On the road]. L'Auto (in French). 17 July 1921. p. 2 – via Gallica.
  29. ^ Desgrange, Henri (16 July 1922). "En suivant le course" [Following the race]. L'Auto (in French). p. 2 – via Gallica.
  30. ^ "C'est dimanche que commence le Tour de France cycliste" [Sunday begins the Tour de France cycling race]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 21 June 1923. p. 5 – via Gallica.
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  32. ^ "Ne le Galibier, ni les Arravis n'ont inspiré nos grimpeurs et Gex a aassisté è une arrivée en peloton" [Neither the Galibier nor the Arravis inspired our climbers and Gex attended an arrival in a peloton]. L'Auto (in French). 13 July 1924. p. 1 – via Gallica.
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  34. ^ Desgrange, Henri (17 July 1926). "20e Tour de France cycliste de "L'Auto"" [20th Tour de France cycling race "L'Auto"]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
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  37. ^ "Cinq équipes nationales de huit coureurs et soixante touristes routies commenceront, demain mercredi, le 24e Tour de France" [Five national teams of eight riders and sixty touring tourists will start the 24th Tour de France tomorrow Wednesday]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 1 July 1930. p. 2 – via Gallica.
  38. ^ Desgrange, Henri (22 July 1930). "24e Tour de France cycliste" [24th Tour de France cycling race]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
  39. ^ "La formule des équipes nationales, qui se révéla excellente in 1930, est conservée, sans grands changements, pour le 25e Tour de France" [The national team formula, which proved to be excellent in 1930, is retained, without major changes, for the 25th Tour de France]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 30 June 1931. p. 4 – via Gallica.
  40. ^ Desgrange, Henri (20 July 1931). "25e Tour de France" [25th Tour de France]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
  41. ^ "La suppression de la moité des étapes jusqu'aux pyrénées et la forula des bonifications a l'arrivée donneront-elles une physionomie nouvelle au 26e Tour de France cycliste" [The elimination of half of the stages up to the Pyrenees and the formulation of bonuses on arrival will give a new physiognomy to the 26th Tour de France cycling]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 5 July 1932. p. 2 – via Gallica.
  42. ^ Desgrange, Henri (24 July 1932). "26e Tour de France cycliste" [26th Tour de France cycling]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
  43. ^ "Comment va se dérouler cette année la plus grande épreuve cycliste du monde" [How will be the biggest cycling event in the world this year]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 27 June 1933. p. 6 – via Gallica.
  44. ^ Desgrange, Henri (5 July 1933). "Le 27e Tour de France cycliste" [The 27th Tour de France cycling race]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
  45. ^ "El éxito de los ciclistas españoles se acrecienta, especialmente el de Ezquerra que es "leader" del G. P. de la Montaña..." [The success of Spanish cyclists increases, especially that of Ezquerra who is the "leader" of G. P. de la Montaña...] (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 1 July 1934. p. 1.
  46. ^ Gautier-Chaumet, Louis (6 July 1935). "Ohé! Zoé!" [Ahoy! Zoe!]. Match (in French). p. 6 – via Gallica.
  47. ^ "Ruozzi precede Camusso sul Galibier" [Ruozzi precedes Camusso on the Galibier]. Il Littoriale (in Italian). 12 July 1935. p. 2. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020.
  48. ^ "De Ronde van Frankrijk" [The Tour de France]. Limburger Koerier (in Dutch). 17 July 1936. p. 3 – via Delpher.
  49. ^ Goddet, Jacques (6 July 1936). "En suivant le course" [Following the race]. L'Auto (in French). p. 1 – via Gallica.
  50. ^ "De Ronde van Frankrijk" [The Tour de France]. De Gooi- en Eemlander (in Dutch). 7 July 1937. p. 10 – via Delpher.
  51. ^ "Les écarts dans la montagne" [The gaps in the mountain]. L'Auto (in French). 8 July 1937. p. 3 – via Gallica.
  52. ^ "Vandaag begint de "Tour de France"" [Today the "Tour de France" starts]. Het Volksdagblad (in Dutch). 5 July 1938. p. 4 – via Delpher.
  53. ^ "Bartali slaat massalen aanval der Belgen af" [Bartali rejects the mass attack of the Belgians]. Haagsche Courant (in Dutch). 25 July 1938. p. 14 – via Delpher.
  54. ^ "Et voici, dix ans apres... Le Tour de France 1939" [And here, ten years later... The Tour de France 1939]. Le Miroir des sports (in French). 11 July 1939. p. 3 – via Gallica.
  55. ^ "De snelsten op de Iseran" [The fastest on the Iseran]. De Grondwet (in Dutch). 28 July 1939. p. 7 – via Delpher.
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  64. ^ "Twee ton voor Tour-karavaan" [Two tons for Tour caravan]. De Waarheid (in Dutch). 2 July 1951. p. 5 – via Delpher.
  65. ^ "Coppi vond zich terug op gevreesde tournooiveld" [Coppi found himself on the feared tournament field]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 26 July 1951. p. 5 – via Delpher.
  66. ^ "Tour de France met een gewijzigd karakter" [Tour de France with a changed character]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 23 June 1952. p. 3 – via Delpher.
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  69. ^ "Bobet greep leiderstrui op toppen der Alpen" [Bobet grabbed leader's jumper on peaks of the Alps]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 23 July 1953. p. 7 – via Delpher.
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  88. ^ "Gouden Tour door vier landen" [Golden Tour through four countries]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 21 June 1963. p. 13 – via Delpher.
  89. ^ "Manzaneque reed ver vooruit" [Manzaneque rode far ahead]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 10 June 1963. p. 11 – via Delpher.
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  93. ^ Schuurman, Ger (9 July 1965). "Gimondei nog leider: Spanjaard Galera wint de etappe" [Gimondei still leader: Spaniard Galera wins the stage]. Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). p. 17 – via Delpher.
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