Margo Jones

Margo Jones
Born
Margaret Virginia Jones

(1911-12-12)December 12, 1911
DiedJuly 24, 1955(1955-07-24) (aged 43)
Occupation(s)Theater director and producer

Margo Jones (December 12, 1911 – July 24, 1955), nicknamed the "Texas Tornado",[1][2] was an American stage director and producer, best known for launching the American regional theater movement and for introducing the theater-in-the-round concept in Dallas, Texas.[3] In 1947, she established the first regional professional company when she opened Theatre '47 in Dallas. Of the 85 plays Jones staged during her Dallas career, 57 were new, and one-third of those new plays had a continued life on stage, television, and radio. Jones played an important role in the early careers of a range of playwrights, such as Tennessee Williams, William Inge, Joseph Hayes, Jerome Lawrence, and Robert E. Lee.[4]

Texas Historical Marker (center) marks the birthplace of Margo Jones in Livingston, Texas

Early career

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Born Margaret Virginia Jones in Livingston, Texas, Jones worked in community and professional theaters in California, Houston, and New York City. "Since 1936, Margo Jones had served as assistant director of the Federal Theatre in Houston, traveled to Soviet Russia for a festival at the Moscow Art Theatre, and founded and directed the Houston Community Theatre. She had recently joined the faculty of the University of Texas's drama department in Austin (around 1942)."[5]

She traveled internationally, experiencing theater abroad, and eventually gained commercial success on Broadway as co-director of the original production of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams. She directed Williams' Summer and Smoke, a flop in its first production, but highly regarded years later. After she directed Maxwell Anderson's successful Joan of Lorraine, starring Ingrid Bergman as Joan of Arc, she was fired during the Washington, DC, tryout. However, her name remained on the marquee and playbills, and no other director was ever credited for the production. [citation needed]

All three plays were filmed. Bergman repeated her Joan of Lorraine role in Joan of Arc (1948), for which she was Oscar-nominated. Geraldine Page was Oscar-nominated for her performance in Summer and Smoke (1961). Since 1950, at least five different film/TV productions of The Glass Menagerie have been made.

Theater '47

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The success of The Glass Menagerie allowed her to take the next step toward her dream of running a repertory theatre outside of New York. She moved back to Dallas and opened Theatre '47. The theater changed its name to the corresponding year every New Year's Eve,[1] but according to the New York Times, was more often simply called "Margo's".[6]

Her theater was in the sleek "Magnolia Lounge" (Magnolia Petroleum Company, later Mobil Oil) building, designed by Swiss-born architect William Lescaze, in 1936 for the Texas Centennial and situated on the grounds of Fair Park in Dallas. The theater was America's first modern nonprofit professional resident theater, and also the first professional arena theater (theater-in-the-round) in the country. Jones was inspired by Franklin Roosevelt's Depression-era National Theater Project and the European arts movement, which she had experienced directly during the 1930s. The resident company was dedicated to staging new plays and classics of world theater rather than revivals of past Broadway hits. The initial season introduced William Inge's first play, Farther Off from Heaven, later revised as The Dark at the Top of the Stairs.[3]

Though touring shows did exist at this time, no quality professional American theatre companies existed outside of New York. Jones believed in the decentralization of theater. She wanted her art to exist all across America, beyond the realm of commercialized Broadway, and this was a key component in the start of the regional-theatre movement. She reasoned, "If we succeeded in inspiring the operation of 30 theatres like ours, the playwright won't need Broadway."[6] Playwrights Inge, Jerome Lawrence, and Robert E. Lee championed this sentiment when they received their first big breaks from Jones' Dallas theater.

Jones envisioned it as a place where actors, writers, and technicians could have steady jobs and not be subject to the problems found in the volatile New York scene. When the Ford Foundation began giving grants outside of New York during the 1950s, the movement gathered momentum and Theatre '47 became the model of how to build a new company.

In her book Theatre-in-the-Round, Jones outlined inexpensive methods to enable companies to get started, detailing valuable information on subscription sales, board development, programming, actor/artist relations, and other issues relevant to new regional-theatre companies.[7] Her theater-in-the-round concept requires no stage curtain or little scenery, and allows the audience to sit on three sides of the stage. The physical space also requires particularly skilled blocking, directing, and acting: "Its mistakes are mistakes seen very close up."[8] Theater-in-the-round staging was used for well-known shows as the original stage production of Man of La Mancha, and all plays staged at the ANTA Washington Square Theatre (demolished in the late 1960s), including Arthur Miller's autobiographical play After the Fall (1964), and through to this day. [citation needed]

Later career

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For eight years, Jones balanced her career between Broadway and regional projects. In Dallas, she staged the world premiere of Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee's Inherit the Wind,[2][1] a fictionalized retelling of the Scopes monkey trial, after it had been rejected by several Broadway producers. The play received rave reviews and subsequently opened on Broadway in April 1955, where it became a major hit. Inherit the Wind become an Oscar-nominated film in 1960 and has been revived as a TV special three times. [citation needed]

Death

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On July 17, 1955, Jones invited friends over to a party, but during the party she spilled paint on the carpet, so her secretary later brought professional cleaners to deal with it. They used carbon tetrachloride, a strong solvent commonly used in dry-cleaning processes at the time. Jones, satisfied with the cleaning, fell asleep into the night. Unfortunately, some carbon tetrachloride had been absorbed into the carpet and later evaporated, filling her home with toxic fumes. She woke up dizzy; the gas was later found to have caused kidney failure. She was then found unconscious on the couch resting and she was rushed to hospital, but died a week later.

According to her friends, she briefly regained consciousness and found out she was going to die, and made elaborate preparations for her burial, including asking her friends to dress her properly and grooming her for her funeral. She died July 24, 1955, at the age of 43, never realizing what killed her. In 1959, her theater was closed.[9]

Legacy

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Jones' innovative ideas inspired the growth of numerous resident companies, and made experiencing the art she loved possible for regions across America. In 1950–55, producer Albert McCleery brought the concept of theater-in-the-round to television with his Cameo Theatre.

The Margo Jones Award was established in 1961 by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee.

The theater space inside the Magnolia Lounge building has been renamed the Margo Jones Theatre to honor Jones and is the home to several small theater groups.[2]

The television series Curious & Unusual Deaths features an episode in season two about Jones' death.

Television

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In 2006, a documentary film about her life and career, Sweet Tornado: Margo Jones and the American Theater, was shown on PBS. With Jones portrayed by Judith Ivey, the film dramatized scenes from her life, adapted from her letters and correspondence with Broadway producers and Tennessee Williams (portrayed by Richard Thomas). The film features interviews with people who worked with her, including actor Ray Walston, who got his first big break in the original production of Summer and Smoke.[10]

Stage productions

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Date Production Author Location
1942 The Eve of St. Mark Maxwell Anderson University of Texas, Austin
1943 Sporting Pink Theodore Apstein University of Texas, Austin
A Choice of Weapons Theodore Apstein
You Touched Me Tennessee Williams Pasadena Playhouse, California
1945 The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams Playhouse, New York
1946 On Whitman Avenue Maxine Wood Broadway, New York
Joan of Lorraine Maxwell Anderson Alvin Theatre, New York
1947 Farther Off From Heaven/The Dark at the Top of the Stairs William Inge Theatre '47, Dallas, Texas
Hedda Gabler Henrik Ibsen
How Now Hecate Martyn Coleman
Summer and Smoke Tennessee Williams Theatre '47, Dallas, Texas
Music Box Theatre, New York
Third Cousin Vera Mathews Theatre '47, Dallas, Texas
1948 The Master Builder Henrik Ibsen Theatre '48, Dallas, Texas
The Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare
The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde
Summer and Smoke Tennessee Williams Broadway, New York
Last of My Solid Gold Watches
This Property Is Condemned
Portrait of a Madonna
Tennessee Williams Theatre '48, Dallas, Texas
Throng o' Scarlet Vivian Connell
Lemple's Old Man Manning Gurain
Leaf and Bough Joseph Hayes
Black John Barton MacLane
1949 The Learned Ladies Molière Theatre '49, Dallas, Texas
Twelfth Night William Shakespeare
The Sea Gull Anton Chekhov
She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith
Here's to Us Shirland Quin
Sting in the Tail Tom Purefoy
The Coast of Illyria Dorothy Parker and Ross Evans
1950 Heartbreak House George Bernard Shaw Theatre '50, Dallas, Texas
Ghosts Henrik Ibsen
An Old Beat-Up Woman Sari Scott
My Granny Van Loren Disney and George Sessions Perry
Cock-a-Doodle Dandy Seán O'Casey
The Golden Porcupine Muriel Roy Bolton
Southern Exposure Owen Crump
A Play for Mary William McCleery
An Innocent Time Edward Caufield
1951 Lady Windermere's Fan Oscar Wilde Theatre '51, Dallas, Texas
The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeare
Candida George Bernard Shaw
A Willow Tree A. B. Shiffrin
One Bright Day Siomund Miller
Walls Rise Up Duane, Frank and Richard Shannon
A Gift for Cathy Ronald Alexander
1952 A Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare Theatre '52, Dallas, Texas
Sainted Sisters Alden Nash
The Blind Spot Edward Caulfield
So in Love Vern Matthews
I Am Laughing Edwin Justus Mayer
1953 Hamlet William Shakespeare Theatre '53, Dallas, Texas
The Rivals Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Goodbye, Your Majesty Vivian Connell
The Rising Heifer Robin Maugham
The Last Island Eugene Raskin
Late Love Casey
Uncle Marston John Briard Harding
The Day's Mischief Lesley Storm
1954 Volpone Ben Jonson Theatre '54, Dallas, Texas
The Footpath Way Burgess Drake
The Guilty Harry Granick
Happy We'll Be Samson Raphaelson
Oracle Junction Samson Raphaelson
The Heel Samson Raphaelson
A Rainbow at Home Milton Robertson
Horatio Wallach, David Baker, and Harnick
The Purification Tennessee Williams
Apollo of Bellac Jean Giraudoux
The Brothers John S. Rodell
A Dash of Bitters Reginald Denham and Conrad Sutton-Smith
Sea-Change William Case
The Hemlock Cup Edward Hunt
1955 As You Like It William Shakespeare Theatre '55, Dallas, Texas
Inherit the Wind Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee
Whisper to Me William Goyen and Greer Johnson
La Belle Lulu Jacques Offenbach and Charles Previn
The Girl from Boston Joseph Hayes

Listen to

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Book

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  • Jones, Margo (1951). Theatre-in-the-round. New York: McGraw Book Coy.

Sources

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "About Margo". Sweet Tornado: Margo Jones and the American Theater. American Public Television. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "The Margo Jones Theatre at the Magnolia Lounge", Margo Jones Theatre, Margo Jones Partnership, retrieved May 31, 2019
  3. ^ a b Sheehy, Helen. "Jones, Margaret Virginia". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  4. ^ Sheehy, Helen (2005), "Who was Margo Jones", Sweet Tornado: Margo Jones and the American Theater, American Public Television, retrieved May 31, 2019
  5. ^ Leverich, Lyle; "Tom: The Unknown Tennessee" (New York: Crown Publishers, 1995), p. 473
  6. ^ a b "MARGO JONES: THEATRE PIONEER". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  7. ^ Jones, M., Theatre-in-the-Round (New York: Rinehart & Company, 1951).
  8. ^ Perry, George Sessions (March 1952). "Darnedest Thing You've Seen". Saturday Evening Post. Vol. 224, no. 35. p. 36. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  9. ^ "Margo Jones Theatre To Suspend on Dec. 15". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  10. ^ "Ray Walston Biography". Biography. A&E Network. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
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