Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance

The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a metabolic index developed with the aim to quantify peripheral insulin sensitivity in humans; it was first described under the name METS-IR by Bello-Chavolla et al. in 2018.^[1][2] It was developed by the Metabolic Research Disease Unit at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán^[3] and validated against the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and the frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in Mexican population.^[1] It is a non-insulin-based alternative to insulin-based methods to quantify peripheral insulin sensitivity and an alternative to SPINA Carb, the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). METS-IR is currently validated for its use to assess cardio-metabolic risk in Latino population.^[1]

METS-IR was generated using linear regression against the M-value adjusted by lean body mass obtained from the glucose clamp technique in Mexican subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is estimated using fasting laboratory values including glucose (in mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, in mg/dL) along with body-mass index (BMI). The index can be estimated using the following formula:^{[citation needed]}

${\displaystyle METS-IR={\frac {\ln[2*Glucose(mg/dL)+Triglycerides(mg/dL)]*BMI(kg/m^{2})}{\ln[HDL-C(mg/dL)]}}}$

The index holds a significant correlation with the M-value adjusted by lean mass (ρ = −0.622) obtained from the euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp study adjusted for age and gender as well as minimal model estimates of glucose sensitivity.^[4] In an open population cohort study in Mexican population, METS-IR was shown to predict incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and a value of METS-IR >50.0 suggested up to three-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes after an average of three years.^[1] In a nation-wide population-based study of Chinese subjects, METS-IR was also shown to identify subjects with metabolic syndrome independent of adiposity.^[5] METS-IR also predicts visceral fat content, subcutaneous adipose tissue, fasting insulin levels and ectopic fat accumulation in liver and pancreas.^[1]

METS-IR was compared against other non-insulin-based methods to approximate insulin sensitivity including the Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG),^[6] the triglyceride to HDL-C ratio,^[7] and the TyG-BMI index,^[8] yielding a higher correlation and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve compared to these other measures.^[1] When assessing its utility for identifying metabolic syndrome in Chinese subjects, Yu et al. suggested that the TyG and TG/HDL-C indexes had superior performance in their population owing to ethnic-specific variations in body composition.^[9] Given the role of ethnicity in modifying the performance of insulin sensitivity fasting-based indexes, further evaluations in different populations are required to establish performance of non-insulin-based methods.^[10]

• Insulin resistance
• Homeostatic model assessment
• SPINA-GBeta
• SPINA-GR
• Disposition index
• Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes management

• Calculator to estimate METS-IR, the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio