Butyl acetate
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Butyl acetate | |
| Systematic IUPAC name Butyl ethanoate | |
| Other names n-Butyl acetate Acetic acid n-butyl ester Butile | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| Abbreviations | BuAcO |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.236 |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID | |
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1123 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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| Properties | |
| CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3 | |
| Molar mass | 116.160 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Fruity |
| Density | 0.8825 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1] |
| Melting point | −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)[1] |
| Boiling point | 126.1 °C (259.0 °F; 399.2 K) at 760 mmHg[1] |
| 0.68 g/100 mL (20 °C)[1] | |
| Solubility | Miscible in EtOH Soluble in acetone, CHCl3[1] |
| log P | 1.82[1] |
| Vapor pressure | |
Henry's law constant (kH) | 0.281 L·atm/mol |
| −77.47·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Thermal conductivity |
|
Refractive index (nD) | 1.3941 (20 °C)[1] |
| Viscosity |
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| Structure | |
| 1.87 D (24 °C)[1] | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) | 225.11 J/mol·K[2] |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | −609.6 kJ/mol[2] |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | 3467 kJ/mol[2] |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards | Flammable |
| GHS labelling: | |
  [3] | |
| Warning | |
| H226, H336[3] | |
| P261[3] | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 22 °C (72 °F; 295 K)[4] |
| 370 °C (698 °F; 643 K)[4] | |
Threshold limit value (TLV) | 150 ppm[1] (TWA), 200 ppm[1] (STEL) |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) | 10768 mg/kg (rats, oral)[4] |
LC50 (median concentration) | 160 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 391 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 1242 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)[6] |
LCLo (lowest published) | 14,079 ppm (cat, 72 min) 13,872 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr)[6] |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) | TWA 150 ppm (710 mg/m3)[4] |
REL (Recommended) | TWA 150 ppm (710 mg/m3) ST 200 ppm (950 mg/m3)[5] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) | 1700 ppm[5] |
| Related compounds | |
Related acetates | Ethyl acetate Propyl acetate Amyl acetate |
Related compounds | Butanol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
n-Butyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3. A colorless, flammable liquid, it is the ester derived from n-butanol and acetic acid. It is found in many types of fruit, where it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple. It is used as an industrial solvent.[7]
The other three isomers (four, including stereoisomers) of butyl acetate are isobutyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, and sec-butyl acetate (two enantiomers).
Production and use
[edit]Butyl acetate is commonly manufactured by the Fischer esterification of butanol (or its isomer to make an isomer of butyl acetate) and acetic acid with the presence of sulfuric acid:[7]
Butyl acetate is mainly used as a solvent for coatings and inks.[7] It is a component of fingernail polish.[8]
Occurrence in nature
[edit]Apples, especially of the 'Red Delicious' variety, are flavored in part by this chemical. The alarm pheromones emitted by the Koschevnikov gland of honey bees contain butyl acetate.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
- ^ a b c d Acetic acid, butyl ester in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-06-28)
- ^ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Butyl acetate. Retrieved on 2014-06-28.
- ^ a b c d e "MSDS of n-Butyl acetate". fishersci.ca. Fisher Scientific. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
- ^ a b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0072". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b "n-Butyl acetate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b c Cheung, Hosea; Tanke, Robin S.; Torrence, G. Paul (2000). "Acetic Acid". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_045. ISBN 3527306730.
- ^ Schneider, Günther; Gohla, Sven; Schreiber, Jörg; Kaden, Waltraud; Schönrock, Uwe; Schmidt-Lewerkühne, Hartmut; Kuschel, Annegret; Petsitis, Xenia; Pape, Wolfgang; Ippen, Hellmut; Diembeck, Walter (2001). "Skin Cosmetics". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_219. ISBN 3527306730.
External links
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