Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy

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The Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy is a 1960 OECD Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by accidents occurring while producing nuclear energy.^[6][7] The convention entered into force on 1 April 1968 and has been amended by protocols in 1964, 1982, and 2004. The convention, as amended by the 1964 and 1982 protocols have 16 parties. The 2004 protocol has not entered into force. Austria and Luxembourg signed the convention but have not ratified it. Switzerland deposited its instruments of ratification for the convention as amended by the 2004 protocol. The convention will entered into force for this country when the 2004 protocol entered into force in 2022.

The convention:

• Limits liability to a certain amount and limit the period for making claims;
• Require insurance or other surety by operators;
• Channels liability exclusively to the operator of the nuclear installation;
• Impose strict liability on the nuclear operator, regardless of fault, but subject to exceptions.
• Grants exclusive jurisdiction to the courts of one country, normally the country in whose territory the incident occurs

A list of Parties to the convention (as amended by the 1964 and 1982 protocols), the 2004 protocol, as well as the Brussels protocol and the Joint protocol is shown below:

Country	Convention incl 1964 and 1982 Protocol	2004 Protocol	Brussels Protocol	Brussels Protocol 2004 amendment	Joint Protocol	(Territorial) application
Belgium	3 August 1966	—	20 August 1985	1 January 2022	—
Denmark	4 September 1974	—	4 September 1974	1 January 2022	26 May 1989	incl. Greenland (excl 1982 Protocol)
Finland	16 June 1972	—	14 January 1977	1 January 2022	3 October 1994
France	9 March 1966	—	30 March 1966	1 January 2022	—	incl 16 territories (excl Brussels Protocol)
Germany	16 June 1972	—	1 October 1975	1 January 2022	13 June 2001
Greece	12 May 1970	—	—	1 January 2022	16 May 2001
Italy	17 September 1975	—	3 February 1976	1 January 2022	31 July 1991
Netherlands	28 December 1979	—	28 September 1979	1 January 2022	1 August 1991	European territory only
Norway	2 July 1973	26 November 2010	7 July 1973	26 November 2010	11 March 1991
Portugal	29 September 1977	—	—	1 January 2022	—
Slovenia	16 October 2001	—	5 June 2003	1 January 2022	27 January 1995
Spain	31 October 1961	—	27 July 1966	1 January 2022	—
Sweden	1 April 1968	—	3 April 1968	1 January 2022	27 January 1992
Switzerland	9 March 2009	9 March 2009	—	9 March 2009	—	Not applicable
Turkey	10 October 1961	—	—	4 January 2022	26 March 2007
United Kingdom	23 February 1966	Signed but not ratified	24 March 1966	1 January 2022	Signed but not ratified	incl. British Virgin Islands,[a] Cayman Islands,[a] Falkland Islands,[b][a] Gibraltar,[a] Guernsey,[b] Hong Kong,[c] Jersey,[d] Isle of Man, Montserrat,[a] Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[a]

Notes

• Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
• Cost of electricity by source

• "Paris Convention on Nuclear Third Party Liability", oecd-nea.org.
• Text.
• Ratifications.
• NEA Issue Brief: International nuclear third party liability, An analysis of principal nuclear issues, No. 4 - 1st revision, November 1993.