Paweł Holszański

Paweł Holszański
Coat of arms	Hipocentaur
Full name	Lithuanian: Povilas Alšėniškis
Born	c. 1485
Died	4 September 1555 Vilnius
Noble family	Olshanski
Father	Aleksander Holszański
Mother	Zofia Sudymuntowiczówna

Paweł Holszański (Lithuanian: Povilas Alšėniškis; c. 1485^[1] – 4 September 1555, Vilnius^[2]) was a notable Catholic church official^[3] and one of the last male scions of the once-mighty Lithuanian Alšėniškiai princely family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.^[4]

Born to Prince Aleksander Holszański, the Castellan of Vilnius, and Zofia Sudymuntowiczówna,^[5] daughter of Alekna Sudimantaitis. The Alšėniškiai family was a Lithuanian princely family that embraced Orthodoxy and became Ruthenized back in the 14th century.^[6] Only Paweł's father Aleksander embraced Catholicism, probably influenced by Franciscans.^[7]

Paweł Holszański studied in Kraków, his studies were interrupted by his appointment to the Lutsk bishopric.^[8] While studying in Kraków, he probably met Mikołaj Hussowczyk, of whom he later became a patron.^[9] Already a nominated bishop, he continued his studies in Bologna in 1512.^[8]

In 1513, he participated in the third, fourth and fifth sessions of the Fifth Lateran Council. He also witnessed the election of Leo X. On April 24, 1513, he was consecrated bishop in the Sistine Chapel.^[10] The pope presented him with gifts for King Sigismund the Old – a spade and a pearl-studded hat.^[10] On June 18, 1513 he was in Kraków, while on July 13 he presented papal gifts to the king in Miedniki.^[10] He then went to Lutsk to administer the diocese. He served as bishop of Lutsk between 1507 and 1536. He convened the first two diocesan synods in 1515 and 1519.^[10] His close associate was Franciszek of Lwów, later elevated to the Kyiv bishopric.^[10]

On 15 March 1536 he became bishop of Vilnius.^[10] During his term as bishop, Holszański created several dozen new parishes in the Polish-Lithuanian borderlands.^{[citation needed]} He convened diocesan synods in 1558, 1542, 1546 and 1555, mainly to combat the Reformation.^[11] He was also responsible for convincing the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus to expel ^[12] Stanislovas Rapalionis and Abraomas Kulvietis, two pioneers of Lutheranism in Lithuania.^[13] He died in Vilnius on September 4, 1555. After his death, the administrator of the diocese was Canon Piotr Arciechowski [pl].^[11]

Holszański, as one of the last descendants of two powerful families, had considerable wealth. As a clergyman, he had no offspring, so his property passed mostly to the families of his sisters or to the monarch. In 1518, from his mother Sophia of Chożów, he received the royal lease of the castle in Punia, and the house in Vilnius that Holszański sold in 1528 to Mikołaj Wieżgajło [pl].^[14] After his mother's death (shortly after 1518), Holszański inherited the family's main estates: Halshany, Lebiedziewo [be], Chożów [be], Dunilavichy and Voŭpa.^[15] These estates were transferred to the royal family after Holszański's death. After the death of his sister Barbara, a nun, he handed over the Vishnyev estate belonging to her to his sister Aleksandra's husband Mikołaj Pac [pl].^[15]

• Frost, Robert (2015). The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union 1385-1569. Oxford History of Early Modern Europe. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191017872.
• Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał (2001). Sylwetki biskupów łuckich. Biały Dunajec: Wołanie z Wołynia. ISBN 83-911918-7-7.
• Wróbel, Wiesław (2013). "Krąg rodzinny Zofii z Chożowa Holszańskiej i jej testament z 29 VII 1518 r.". Rody, rodziny Mazowsza i Podlasia. Źródła do badań genealogicznych.
• Wileński słownik biograficzny. Bydgoszcz: 2002, s. 104. ISBN 83-87865-28-1.