Isotopes of phosphorus

Isotopes of phosphorus (₁₅P)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(P)
	30.973761998±0.000000005; 30.974±0.001 (abridged);
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Although phosphorus (₁₅P) has 22 isotopes from ²⁶P to ⁴⁷P, only ³¹P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are ³³P with a half-life of 25.34 days and ³²P with a half-life of 14.268 days.^[3]^[4] All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is ⁴⁷P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[5] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[6] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[6] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[6] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[6] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[6] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[6] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
²⁶P	15	11	26.01178(21)#	43.6(3) ms	β⁺ (62.9%)	²⁶Si	(3)+
					β⁺, p (35.1%)	²⁵Al
					β⁺, 2p (1.99%)	²⁴Mg
^26mP	164.4(1) keV			115(8) ns	IT	²⁶P	(1+)
²⁷P	15	12	26.9992925(97)	260(80) ms	β⁺ (99.93%)	²⁷Si	1/2+
²⁷P	15	12	26.9992925(97)	260(80) ms	β⁺, p (0.07%)	²⁶Al	1/2+
²⁸P	15	13	27.9923265(12)	270.3(5) ms	β⁺	²⁸Si	3+
					β⁺, p (.0013%)	²⁷Al
					β⁺, α (8.6×10⁻⁴%)	²⁴Mg
²⁹P	15	14	28.98180037(39)	4.102(4) s	β⁺	²⁹Si	1/2+
³⁰P	15	15	29.978313490(69)	2.5000(17) min	β⁺	³⁰Si	1+
³¹P	15	16	30.97376199768(80)	Stable			1/2+	1.0000
³²P	15	17	31.973907643(42)	14.269(7) d	β⁻	³²S	1+	Trace
³³P	15	18	32.9717257(12)	25.35(11) d	β⁻	³³S	1/2+
³⁴P	15	19	33.97364589(87)	12.43(10) s	β⁻	³⁴S	1+
³⁵P	15	20	34.9733140(20)	47.3(8) s	β⁻	³⁵S	1/2+
³⁶P	15	21	35.978260(14)	5.6(3) s	β⁻	³⁶S	4−
³⁶P	15	21	35.978260(14)	5.6(3) s	β⁻, n?	³⁵S	4−
³⁷P	15	22	36.979607(41)	2.31(13) s	β⁻	³⁷S	(1/2+)
³⁷P	15	22	36.979607(41)	2.31(13) s	β⁻, n?	³⁶S	(1/2+)
³⁸P	15	23	37.984303(78)	0.64(14) s	β⁻ (88%)	³⁸S	(2−)
³⁸P	15	23	37.984303(78)	0.64(14) s	β⁻, n (12%)	³⁷S	(2−)
³⁹P	15	24	38.98629(12)	282(24) ms	β⁻ (74%)	³⁹S	(1/2+)
³⁹P	15	24	38.98629(12)	282(24) ms	β⁻, n (26%)	³⁸S	(1/2+)
⁴⁰P	15	25	39.991262(90)	150(8) ms	β⁻ (84.2%)	⁴⁰S	(2−,3−)
					β⁻, n (15.8%)	³⁹S
					β⁻, 2n?	³⁸S
⁴¹P	15	26	40.99465(13)	101(5) ms	β⁻ (70%)	⁴¹S	1/2+#
					β⁻, n (30%)	⁴⁰S
					β⁻, 2n?	³⁹S
⁴²P	15	27	42.00117(10)	48.5(15) ms	β⁻ (50%)	⁴²S
					β⁻, n (50%)	⁴¹S
					β⁻, 2n?	⁴⁰S
⁴³P	15	28	43.00541(32)#	35.8(13) ms	β⁻, n	⁴²S	(1/2+)
⁴³P	15	28	43.00541(32)#	35.8(13) ms	β⁻, 2n ?	⁴¹S	(1/2+)
⁴⁴P	15	29	44.01193(43)#	18.5(25) ms	β⁻, n (55%^[7])	⁴³S
					β⁻ (24%)	⁴⁴S
					β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁴²S
⁴⁵P	15	30	45.01713(54)#	24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms^[7]	β⁻, n (79%)	⁴⁴S	1/2+#
⁴⁵P	15	30	45.01713(54)#	24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms^[7]	β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁴³S	1/2+#
⁴⁶P	15	31	46.02452(54)#	9# ms [>200 ns]	β⁻?	⁴⁶S
					β⁻, n?	⁴⁵S
					β⁻, 2n?	⁴⁴S
⁴⁷P	15	32	47.03093(64)#	4# ms [>400 ns]	β⁻	⁴⁷S	1/2+#
					β⁻, n?	⁴⁶S
					β⁻, 2n?	⁴⁵S
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mP – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ ^a ^b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. ³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by ³²P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.^[8]

Phosphorus-33

³³P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of ³¹P (stable). The ³³P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. ³³P is used as an alternative to ³²P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, ³³P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.^[9]

External links

Phosphorus isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's

References

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ PubChem. "Phosphorus Radioisotopes". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
^ "phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973)". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ ^a ^b Crawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 129 (212501): 212501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. S2CID 253600995.
^ "Phosphorus-32".
^ "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".

[5] P – Excited nuclear isomer.

[7] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-8] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-10] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[11] Modes of decay:

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission

[12] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[13] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] PubChem. "Phosphorus Radioisotopes". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-08.

[4] "phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973)". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-04-08.

[AME2020_II-6] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[NUBASE2020-9] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[NR129-14] Crawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 129 (212501): 212501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. S2CID 253600995.

[15] "Phosphorus-32".

[16] "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".

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